Steppe mhumhi
Steppe mhumhi inyaya yezvepfungwa nemunyori weSwiss-chiGerman, munyori uye mudetembi Hermann Hesse Yakaburitswa muna 1927 (yekupedzisira vhezheni yakaonekwa gore rakatevera), Der steppenwolf —Zita rekutanga muchiGerman - raive bhuku rairumbidzwa zvikuru muEurope uye rekubudirira mukudhinda. Nekudaro, munyori weTeutonic akaramba achinyunyuta kuti akange adudzirwa zvisizvo.
Panyaya iyi, vanotsoropodza zvinyorwa vanotaura kuti nyaya yemhumhi yakatangira mudambudziko rakadzama remweya rakatambudzwa naHesse mukutanga kwema20. Chero zvazvingava, iyo ndeimwe yeakakura echiGerman zvinyorwa zvekare zveXNUMXth century. Hazvishamisi kuti zita iri rinoonekwa seunyanzvi hwemunyori ane basa rakazivikanwa neNobel Prize yeMabhuku muna 1946.
Analysis of Steppe mhumhi
Context yebasa
Der steppenwolf Yange iri nyaya yezvinyorwa zvisingaverengeke uye zvidzidzo zvedzidzo; mazhinji acho anowirirana pakuratidzira hunhu hwebhuku. Zvirokwazvo, Iko kune fanano pakati pe psyche ye protagonist yenyaya uye hupenyu hweHesse. Naizvozvo, pakati pa1916 na1917 aive murwere waDr Joseph B. Lang, wadhi yaDr Carl Gustav Jung ane mukurumbira, uyo akazosangana nemunyori.
Psychotherapy yaidikanwa nekuda kwedambudziko riripo remunyori rakakonzerwa nerufu rwababa vake pamwe nekurwara kwakanyanya kwemwanakomana wake Martin. Uye zvakare, mukadzi wake wekutanga akatambura neschizophrenic episodes (muchato hauna kumbopfuura pamusoro pechinhu ichocho). Mushure mekurambana kwavo mu1923, Hesse akapfuura neimwe nguva yekuzviparadzanisa uye kushushikana, zvese zviri pachena munhoroondo yemhumhi.
Mhemberero
Iyo nharo yezvinyorwa inoratidza kuvengana kwemunyori wechiTeutonic kunharaunda yebourgeois yenguva yake. Saizvozvowo, Hesse anoshandisa chimiro chemhuka sedimikira kuitira kusiyanisa mararamiro maviri: munhu uye mhumhi. Kune rimwe divi, munhu ane hanya nehunhu hwakabudirira, mazano akanaka, manzwiro akanaka uye kubata kwekunaka kwezvinhu.
Pane kudaro, iyo imbwa munhu ane maonero ane nharaunda yake uye neavo vakamukomberedza anogara achisvibisa kusekwa nekuseka. Pasina mubvunzo, nyama yemanheru yekudya nyama muvengi wevanhu uye yetsika dzinogamuchirwa munharaunda kuti dzive nehunhu chaihwo hwemunhu. A) Ehe, nyaya yacho inotenderedza gakava risingaperi rehunhu mukati memusoro wemunhu mukuru.
Elements yekuongorora psychology
Iyo zano pachayo kuongororwa kwepfungwa kwaHarry Haller, protagonist, munyori akangwara uye mudetembi, akanetseka mupfungwa uye akasuwa. Kunyangwe kubva pakutanga izvi Akachena uye ane hunhu, kurongeka mumba mako ndicho chiratidzo chekutanga chekukanganisa kwako kwemukati. Sezvinoitika zviitiko, iyo miganho pakati peicho chaicho uye zviroto zvadzikira.
MuHaller, kunzwa kwakadzama kwekutadza kunogara pamwe nekufungidzira kuri pachena kwehukuru. Nenzira imwecheteyo, iye ane hunyanzvi hwekumusoro hunomutendera kuti akoshe hunyanzvi uye kuti anzwisise zvine hungwaru mamiriro ezvinhu akamukomberedza. Nekudaro, kungwara kumwe chete kunomutungamira kuti azvirasire mumumvuri wake wepfungwa labyrinths pakati pekufunga kwake kwouzivi.
Pfupiso ye Steppe mhumhi
Nhanganyaya
Munyori wekutanga (anozvizivisa saiye "mupepeti" wechinyorwa chaHarry) muzukuru wevechidiki wemuridzi wepenjeni kunogara protagonist. Uyu rapporteur nguva nenguva anotaura maonero ake paHaller, waanotsanangura semurume akangwara uye anofunga, asi akanetseka pamweya.
Zvinyorwa zveHaller
Mutambi mukuru anozvitsanangura semunhu mutorwa, anofunga, anoda Mozart uye nhetembo. Iye akabhapatidzwawo se "the steppe wolf", ari anonyanya kusanzwisiswa uye kusurukirwa. Humwe husiku anosarudza kubuda, uye inowanikwa nemusuwo we "Magic Theatre", asi ichitadza kuyambuka. Pedyo ipapo, anomhanyira kumutengesi, uyo, mushure mekukurukurirana pfupi, anomutambidza bhuku diki.
Paakadzokera mukamuri yake, Harry anoona kuti bhuku iri riri nezvake. Basa iri rine akateedzana ezvehungwaru ekufungisisa pamusoro pezvakanaka, matambudziko nekukanganisa kweanozvidaidza ivo vamapere emhumhi. Zvisinei, chinyorwa chinofanotaura kuzviuraya kwemunhu mukuru, chimwe chinhu chaanobvumirana nacho, sezvaanonzwa kuora mwoyo muhupenyu hwake.
Mhuka yemanheru
Mushure mekufamba kwenguva refu, Harry anopinda mubhawa "Gondo Dema", kupi inosangana naHermine, mukadzi wechidiki anoyevedza anonanzva varume. Ipapo, Haller anova rudzi rwevateveri vake uye inobvuma kutevedzera zvese zvaakaraira (kusanganisira kumuuraya). Mukudzoka, protagonist inopihwa "kudzidza kunakidzwa nemafaro ehupenyu."
Gare gare, Harry anosangana naPablo, muimbi wehedonistic uye inomiririra iyo Magic Theatre. Zvakare, Hermine anomuzivisa kuna Maria, anova mudiwa waHaller. Pakupedzisira, mutambi mukuru anoshinga kutamba uye kuseka mhumhi nemurume. Tevere, iwo mavhesi akatakurwa nekuseka, zvinodhaka uye zvisinganzwisisike trances pakati pechokwadi uye fungidziro mukati meMagic Theatre.
Kugadziriswa
Munzvimbo dzisinganzwisisike dzemitambo, Harry anosangana nemamiriro ezvinhu akafanana nehusiku; Iye anotosvika kusvika pakukurukura huzivi uye hupo huripo nechazvino uye burlesque vhezheni yeMozart. Pedyo nemagumo, Haller anowana Hermine akarara akashama padhuze naPablo, iye , que inofunga kunge a chiratidzo chekuzadzisa kuda kwemusikana eccentric.
Pakupedzisira, protagonist inouraya Hermine nekubaya. Nekudaro, anotongerwa kurarama nekusingaperi. Sechikamu chechirango, anofanirwa kutsungirira kuseka kunonzwisisika kwenhengo dzedare kwemaawa gumi nemaviri. Mukuvhara, Haller anofunga kutenderedza hupenyu hwake, ndokutanga kudzidza kuseka rake ramangwana.
Nezve munyori, Hermann Hesse
Kuzvarwa uye hudiki
Herman Karl Hesse Akazvarwa mutaundi diki reCawl, Württemberg, Germany, muna Chikunguru 2, 1877. Baba vake, Johannes Hesse, vaive chiremba wechiEstonia vakaberekerwa vaparidzi vechiKristu; amai vake vaive Marie Gundert aibva kuIndia. Munguva yehudiki hwake, mudiki Hermann akadzidza chiLatin kuGöppingen pakati pa1886 na1891.
Kubva muna 1891 munyori wenguva yemberi Akasangana nemakakatanwa akasimba nevabereki vake uye akapfuura nemumatambudziko akashungurudzika (iyo yaakataura kakawanda). Zvakare, akatiza kubva kuevhangeri seminari uye kashoma kupedza mwedzi mitanhatu munzvimbo imwecheteyo yedzidzo. Muna 1892, vabereki vake vakamuisa kuchipatara chiri muStetten im Remstal nekuda kwezvinyorwa zvake zvekuzviuraya.
Kutanga mabasa
Zvikoro zvekupedzisira zvaakadzidza yaive yakasarudzika nzvimbo muBasel uye iyo Gymnasium padhuze neStuttgart. Muna 1893 akapedza chikoro chepuraimari uye akarega chikoro. Shure kwaizvozvo, akashanda semubatsiri muchitoro chewachi uye gare gare semutengesi wemabhuku muTübingen. Ikoko akatanga kuverenga ngano, zvinyorwa zvouMwari uye nefilosofi nevanyori vakadai saGoethe, Lessing naSchiller, pakati pevamwe.
Chinyorwa chake chekutanga chakabuda mumagazini yeVienna muna 1986, nhetembo Madonna. Gare gare, Hesse akaburitswa Romantische liede (1898) uye Eine Stunde akabata Mitternacht (1899). Mune maunganidzwa ese ari maviri, Hesse airatidzira kufurirwa kwevakakurumbira veGerman romantics (Brentano, von Eichendorff naNovalis, kunyanya).
Mabhuku ekutsaurira uye michato
Kubudirira kwenoveli Peter camenzind (1904) akatendera Hermann Hesse kuti ararame achinyora kwehupenyu hwake hwese. Panguva iyoyo munyori weGerman anga atofarira zvemweya (kunyanya, wechiHindu) uye akaraswa nekuda kwebasa remauto. Pane rimwe divi, Munyori weGerman akapfuura nematambudziko muhupenyu hwake hwerudo (akange akaroora katatu).
Vakaroorana
- Maria Bernoulli, pakati pa1904 na1923
- Ruth Wegner, 1927 kusvika 1927
- Ninon Dolbin, kubva muna 1931 kusvika pakufa kwaHesse muna 1962 kubva kuhuropi hweropa.
Anonyanya kuzivikanwa mabasa
- Gertrude (1910)
- Damien (1919)
- Siddhartha (1922)
- Steppe mhumhi (1927)
- mutambo wevarimi (1943).
Nhaka
Basa raHermann Hesse rinosanganisira zvinopfuura makumi mana zvinyorwa zvinosanganisira zvinyorwa, nyaya pfupi, nhetembo uye kuratidzwa, pamwe neinopfuura 3000 ongororo uye edits. Naizvozvo, hazvishamise kuti yatengesa anopfuura mamirioni makumi matatu emakopi pasi rese, akashandurwa mumitauro inodarika makumi mana. Pamusoro pezvo, munyori weGerman ane epistolary rekodhi (anopfuura zviuru makumi matatu nemashanu) uye aive anodhirowa.