Nguva Yekusachena
Nguva Yekusachena ndeyezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri, rakanyorwa nemunyori ane mukurumbira weAmerica Edith Wharton. Iyo inyaya yerudo inoitika muNew York nzanga yepamusoro yezana ramakore rapfuura. Mune izvi, ivo protagonists vanofanirwa kurwisana nematanho uye tsika dzakagadzwa nevakuru venguva.
Iyo inoverengeka —Seta muna 1870— yakanga iri imwe yevakakumbirwa zvakanyanya mumaraibhurari eNew York uye zvitoro zvemabhuku muma20. Zvimwechetezvo, zita iri rakakunda mubairo wePulitzer muna 1921. Ndiwo wakave mushandiro webasa iro rakashandurwa padanho uye katatu kune guru screen (1924, 1934 na1993).
Nguva Yekusachena
Iyo inoverengeka yerudo yenhau yakaburitswa muna 1920, yakamisikidzwa zvakanyanya muNew York muna 1870. Iyo rangano inosanganisira mhuri dzevagari vemuNew York, vaigara pamwero wepamusoro, vachienda kuopera uye kusangana kumafaro, kudya kwemanheru nekutamba. Mubasa, Wharton anotsanangura marongero akajeka uye zviitiko zvakadzama sezvaakakoshesa panguva iyoyo.
Munyori anovakira nyaya yacho muchidimbu pane zvaakasangana nazvo. Izvo zviri pachena ndere mareferenzi ehunhu hwevapfumi veguta ravo rekutanga, vaitonga nevadiki uye vaizvitenda kuti vakakwana. Pamusoro pe, inoratidza chokwadi cheEurope chemakore iwayo - Nenzira yekupokana-, iine mashoma classism uye yakasimukira mutsika kupfuura New York.
Zvinyorwa
Iyo nyaya inotanga nekuziviswa kwekubatana pakati pevechidiki Newland Archer naMay Welland; vese kubva kumhuri dzehukama hwehukama. Ndiye gweta; kurangwa zvakaringana, yakadzika mutsika dzenguva yacho. Iye musikana akanyarara, akadzidziswa nemitemo yakanaka kwazvo uye akatsunga kuve mukadzi akakwana; anogara achifara, asi pasina chishuwo kana pfungwa yake.
Nemazuva iwayo Countess Ellen Olenska anga asvika muNew York, ndiani hama yaMay. Iye akanaka, anozvimiririra uye asina kujairika mukadzi. Uyu eccentric mukadzi adzoka kubva kuEurope mushure mekuparadzana nemurume wake, iyo isingagamuchirike munharaunda yepamusoro yeAmerica. Runyerekupe runyerekupe harumirire uye ivo vanotanga kukanganisa hama dzavo.
Newland Archer Maonero Matsva
Nekuda kwemamiriro ezvinhu akaipisisa, Mukuru weArcher anomukumbira kuti ataure naEllen zvakavanzika uye kumunyengetedza kuti abvise nzira dzekurambana. Mukukurukurirana, anoona kusafara kwakaita Ellen kuroorwa nemunhu waasingade. Pane rimwe divi, anoita kuti gweta rione mashandiro anoita nzanga kwaakagara nguva dzose.
Chekupedzisira, Ellen anozvipira kuchikumbiro chaArcher uye anodzokera kurambana, kunyangwe asina kugutsikana zvachose. Kuve nekuziva chikamu chetsika dzeEuropean kunoita kuti amuke kubva kuneta kwaaive. Mafungiro egweta akachinja uye ikozvino anotanga kuzvibvunza maererano ne kune inofanirwa kuve imba yakanaka.
Anoda matatu
Mushure mehurukuro iyoyo, Newland uye Countess vanova shamwari dzakanaka. Nekuda kwekusununguka kwaainzwa naye, anofunga kuenda naye kumba kwekuzorora kweshamwari dzemhuri. Kuva ipapo, Archer anoziva kuti anonzwa sei chaizvo nezvaEllen; kufarira kwavo kunopfuura kungova shamwari uye hama dzemunguva yemberi.
Newland Kunyangwe ari murume akadzikama uye akarurama, anga achigara aine mifungo inofambira mberi, uye achishoropodza zviyero zvinoraramirwa nevakuru. Imhaka yeizvozvo akaedzwa kusiya zvese kuna Ellen —Uyo anowiriranawo—, asi basa rako rinorema zvakanyanya uye anopedzisira aroora May; kunyangwe manzwiro ake kuna Ellen achiri akanyarara.
Dzakawanda dzichava mamiriro anozounzwa neiyi love triangle, pakati pekurwa kwechakanaka "uye chisingaenderane. Vatambi vatatu vanozopedzisira voita sarudzo dzinochinja hupenyu hweumwe neumwe wavos, ine magumo angangotarisirwa nevazhinji.
Kugadziriswa kwemafirimu
Nguva Yekusachena yakaunzwa kuchiratidziro chikuru mumikana mitatus. Yekutanga yaive muna 1924, muchimiro chakanyarara uye naWarner Brothers. Bhaisikopo rechipiri raive muna 1934; Izvi zvaive zvinoenderana neruzivo uye zvakazadzikiswa nezvinyorwa zvemitambo yemitambo yakaitwa makore matanhatu apfuura - yakaratidzwa paBroadway muna 1928.
Firimu rekupedzisira kutora nhoroondo yakanyorwa naEdith Wharton rakagadzirwa muna1993 naColumbia Mifananidzo uye rinotungamirwa naMartin Scorsese. Ma protagonists ayo aive Daniel Day-Lewis, Michelle Pfeiffer naWinona Ryder; vaimiririra Newland, Ellen naMay, zvichiteerana. Iyi firimu yakasarudzwa kune akati wandei mafirimu mibairo, kuhwina muzvikamu.
- Yakanakisa Koshitomu Dhizaini (Oscar, 1993)
- Akanakisa Kutsigira Actress yaWinona Ryder (Golden Globes, 1993)
- Mutungamiriri: Martin Scorsese uye Anotsigira Mutevedzeri: Winona Ryder (National Board of Review, 1993)
- Akanakisa Kutsigira Mutevedzeri waMiriam Margolyes (BAFTA 1993)
Nezve munyori
NeChishanu, Ndira 24, 1862, New York City yakaona kuzvarwa kwaEdith Newbold Jones. Sezvo aive wemumwe wemhuri dzakapfuma kwazvo munzanga yepamusoro, akange akadzidza pamba, aine varairidzi vakanaka kwazvo. Pamusoro pe, vakave nemukana wekushanyira akati wandei emaguta makuru munyika, kubva kubvira achiri mudiki kwazvo akafamba nevabereki vake.
Edith wharton
Edith aigara achifarira kunyora; iye aive, kutaura zvazviri, munyori ane hushamwari. Nekudaro, mabasa ake ainonoka kuburitswa, nekuti panguva iyoyo zvakashorwa kumukadzi wechinzvimbo kuzvipira kuzvinyorwa. Izvo zvaive zveizvi izvo dzakawanda dzenyaya dzake dzekutanga dzakatumirwa zvisina kuzivikanwa, uye dzimwe nguva pasi pemanyepo.
famba
Akararama yakawanda yehudiki hwake nevabereki vake kuEuropean Continental, kunyangwe aigara achienda kunzvimbo yake yekuNew York. Edith akakwanisa kuyambuka Atlantic nguva dzinosvika makumi matanhatu nenomwe, izvo zvakamutendera kuti adzidze mitauro yakati wandei uye nekuziva dzimwe tsika dzepasi. Nenzira imwecheteyo, izvi zvakabatsira kupfumisa mabhuku ake uye zvakaita kuti zvive nyore kwaari kuita shamwari dzakanaka kwazvo, saHenry James.
muchato
Akaroora Edward Robbins Wharton muna 1885, hukama husinga zivikanwe sehunowirirana, asi hunotyisa nekuda kwekusatendeka kune mumwe wake. Mushure memakore makumi maviri nemasere ekuroora, Edith aive mumwe wevakadzi vekutanga venharaunda yepamusoro kurambana, chimwe chinhu chakaomesesa panguva yacho, sezvo nyaya yacho yaionekwa seyenhema.
Yekutanga Hondo Yenyika
Ndiyo nzira yake kuburikidza neEurope, Edith wharton Yakanga yakabatana nezviitiko zvakawanda, kusanganisira Hondo Yenyika Yekutanga. Panguva yekukonana kwaiitika, akabvumidzwa kuenda kumberi kwehondo kuunza rubatsiro rwekurapa kune avo vakakanganiswa munzvimbo iyi. Chiito ichocho chakamupa iye Muchinjikwa weLegion of Honor kubva kuhurumende yeFrance.
Rufu
Mushure mehondo, Edith Wharton akatamisa Saint-Brice-sous-Forêt. Munzvimbo iyoyo akagara kusvikira zuva rekufa kwake muna Nyamavhuvhu 11, 1937, mushure mekurwadziwa nemoyo. Masarasara ake ari mundima tsvene yeGonards, muVersailles.