Noam Chomsky ndiani?

noam abraham chomsky Iye akazvarwa muPhiladelphia (USA) muna 1928, kunyanya muna Zvita 7. Iye mutauro (kutenda kuna baba vake, sezvo vari ivo vaitungamira nhanho dzavo pakudzidza mitauro) uye zvakare muzivi-anofunga.

Dzidzo inogamuchirwa kumba (akakurira munharaunda yechiJuda, akadzidza chiHebheru uye aigara achiteerera, pamwe chete nemukoma wake David Eli Chomsky, kuita nharo pamusoro zvematongerwo enyika zionism, sezvo mhuri yake yaive yakabatikana kwazvo kuruboshwe-bapiro reZionism), akatungamira zvidzidzo zvake uyezve zvinomunetsa kunyika yekufunga.

Ini ndinodzidza mu University of Pennsylvania, kwaakakanganiswa naZellig Harris. Yapedza iyo Chiremba muna 1951Mushure meizvi akapedza makore mana kuHarvard uye pakupedzisira, muna 1955 akatamira kuYunivhesiti yePennsylvania, kwaakadzidza ega kutanga basa rakasimba uye rakareba. achidzidzisa kuMassachusetts Institute of Technology.

Dzako mitauro neuzivi hwako, izvo zvine chii?

Ndiye mumwe wevatangi vakuru ve shanduko-inogadzira girama.

Chii chinonzi shanduko-inogadzira girama?

Kuseri kweiri rakareba uye rakaoma zita iri system ye mitauro ongororo iyo inokwikwidzana neyechinyakare mitauro kuva zvine hukama nefilosofi, kufunga, uye psycho-linguistics.

Muna 1957 akaburitsa bhuku rake "Zvivakwa zvakaumbwa", bhuku raifungidzirwa shanduko mukuranga kwemitauro. Mariri, Chomsky inoratidza kuti kutaura kwese kwevanhu kune zvimiro zviviri:

• Una chimiro chepamusoro, inova nzira yekubatanidza pamusoro mazwi.
• Uye imwe chimiro chakadzika iyo yakavakirwa pamusoro pezvose pamitemo yepasirese nemaitiro. Muchimiro ichi zvinotaurwa kuti nzira dzekuwana mutauro ndedzevanhu vese uye dzinomisikidzwa mwana achangotanga kudzidza izvo zvakakosha zvemutauro. Ndokunge, a nhevedzano yezvivakwa zvechivanhu zvegirama izvo zvingave zvakajairika, saka, kune vese vanhu.

Mukuru wezvematongerwo enyika

Es mutsoropodzi mukuru we capitalism, kunyanya nemutemo wekune dzimwe nyika weUnited States. Maive muna 1967 ndipo paakatanga kuita zvematongerwo enyika, achipokana zvachose kupinda kweAmerica muhondo yeVietnam. Kubva pane izvi akawana bhuku rake rerondedzero rakanzi "Basa revazivi", iyo yaakawana kuzivikanwa kukuru.

Yaive yakabatana ne 'Rutsva Kuruboshwe' (Kuruboshwe Nyowani), uye ndizvozvo zvaive akasungwa kakawanda yeanopokana-nehondo kurwira. Chomsky, pamwe naEdward S. Herman, vakakurudzira muenzaniso wakakomba wekuparadzira mashoko nezvose zvine chekuita nemutemo wezvekunze weUS, uye kunyangwe paakarega basa, akaenderera mberi nekurwira nekutsigira kufamba 'Kugara' uye mamwe maitiro akafanana.

Akaroora Carol Schatz Doris muna 1949, waaive naye kusvika 2008, gore rekufa kwake. Nehukama uhwu aive nevana vatatu: Aviva, Diane naHarry. Muna 2014, akaroora Valeria Wasserman.

Anonyanya kucherechedzwa mabasa

Nezve linguistics

• 1957: "Zvimiro zvakaumbwa"
• 1965: "Mativi eiyo dzidziso ye Syntax"
• 1965: "Cartesian Linguistics"
• 1968: "Mutauro nepfungwa"
• 1970: "Parizvino Mabhuku muRurimi Ruzivo"
• 1972: "Zvidzidzo muSemantics muGenerative Grammar"
• 1975: "Kufungisisa pamutauro"
• 1977: "Essays paFomu uye Dudziro"
• 1980: "Mitemo nezvimiririra"
• 1981: "Misangano pamusoro peHurumende nekusunga Mabhuku: Iyo Pisa Misangano".
• 1984: "Modular inosvika pakudzidza kwepfungwa"
• 1986: "Zvipingamupinyi"
• 1986: "Kuziva Mutauro: Hunhu Hwayo, Mavambo uye Kushandisa"
• 1995: "Chirongwa cheMinimalist"

Nezvematongerwo enyika

• 1970: "Hurumende Mune Ramangwana"
• 1984: "Yechipiri Hondo Yemashoko"
• 1988: "Rusununguko rwechishanu"
• 1987: "Pane Simba uye Pfungwa"
• 1990: "Vachengeti Verusununguko"
• 1992: "Kutya kwedemokrasi"
• 1997: "Iyo Global Village"
• 1997: "Kirasi Kurwira"
• 1997: "Nyika nyowani (uye yekare)"
• 2000: "Mabasa echisimba"
• 2000: "Kubatsirwa ndiko kwakakosha"
• 2001: "Maonero Esimba"
• 2001: "La Des-Dzidzo"
• 2002: "Propaganda uye neruzhinji maonero"
• 2003: "Iyo inouraya Triangle"
• 2003: "Tsika yehugandanga"
• 2004: "Zviratidzo zveMiddle East"
• 2004: "maPirates nemaEmperors"
• 2007: "Nyika Dzakakundikana. Kusashandiswa zvakanaka kwesimba nekurwiswa kwedemokrasi "
• 2008: "Kupindira"
• 2008: "Pane anarchism"
• 2008: "Rebhanoni, kubva mukati"
• 2010: "Tariro uye chokwadi"
• 2012: "Vanyengeri"
• 2013: "PaAnarchism"
• 2015: "Nekuti tinodaro"

Zvimwe zvezvematongerwo enyika, mitauro uye zvechitendero mafungidziro

Maonero aChomsky, tisingamise kuti tinowirirana naye here kana kwete, zvakanaka kuti tizive, pamwe nevose vanofunga nevazivi avo vakatsaurira makore mazhinji ehupenyu hwavo kuratidzira. Chomsky ane zvese: zvematongerwo enyika, mitauro uye chitendero, uye kana zvisiri, verenga mberi kumwe kutaura kwake:

Kune ruzhinji rwevanhu, kunyangwe munyika yakapfuma seUS, mihoro yakadzikira kana kudonha pamusoro pemakore makumi maviri neshanu apfuura, nepo nguva nekusachengeteka kwemabasa kwakakura zvakanyanya […] Hupfumi hwenyika hwadzikira panguva imwechete iyoyo ( zvine mutsindo) […] kune chikamu chikuru chevagari vepasi rose, mamiriro ezvinhu anotyisa uye anowanzo dzikira, uye, zvakanyanya kukosha, […] kuwirirana pakati pekukura kwehupfumi nehupfumi hwevanhu izvo zvakawanzoitika (semuenzaniso, mushure mehondo kana pre-liberalization ) yakagurwa.

Jesu pachake, uye mazhinji emeseji eEvhangeri, ishoko rekushandira varombo, kutsoropodzwa kwevapfumi uye vane simba, uye dzidziso yekurwira, uye zvakaramba zvakadaro, ndozvakaita chiKristu ... kusvika kuna Constantine. : Constantine akachinja, saka muchinjikwa, waive mucherechedzo wekutambudzwa kwemumwe munhu anoshandira varombo, wakaiswa panhoo yehumambo hweRoma. Yakave mucherechedzo wemhirizhonga nekudzvinyirira, izvo zvakatonyanya kana zvishoma izvo chechi yanga iri kusvika parizvino ...

Kana iwe uchitenda mukutaura kwemahara saka iwe unotenda mukutaura kwemahara kwemapoinzi emaonero ausingade. Semuenzaniso, Goebbels aifarira rusununguko rwekutaura rwemaonero aakagovana, zvakare Stalin. Kana iwe uchifarira rusununguko rwekutaura, izvo zvinoreva kuti iwe uri kutsigira rusununguko rwekutaura chaizvo kune iwo maonero ekuona iwe ausina kugovera, zvikasadaro, iwe haungave uri mukuda kwerusununguko rwekutaura.

Chokwadi chinonakidza

Sechokwadi chiri kuziva nezve chimiro chaNoam Chomsky isu tinokuudza iwe kuti ese ari maviri jihadist gandanga bin Laden semutungamiri wekare weVenezuela, Hugo Chávez, Akagadzira "propaganda" nezve zvinyorwa zvaNoam Chomsky, achiti zvibvumirano zvakadaro zvaifanira kuverengwa kuti "zvinzwisise" zvishoma "mutemo" wake pamusoro peUS.