Maitiro aPablo Neruda

Pablo Neruda, chaizvo, haana kudaidzwa kudaro. Zita rake chairo raive Nafutari Reyes Basoalto. Akazvarirwa mukati Chile, kunyanya muguta reParral kumashure muna 1904, uye akafa muna 1973, musi waGunyana 23. Kana ndikafunga nezvaNeruda, gumi nemaviri mavhesi anouya kwandiri zvekuti iye ega ndiye aigona kunyora nenzira iyoyo ... Uye Neruda Haana kungopihwa mubairo nekurumbidzwa nekuda kwezvaakanyora, asi nemabatiro aakazviita.

Hunhu hwake hwaive nemhosva yake hunhu hunoshamisa, yekutenda kwechikomonisiti, vakashinga uye vakasindimara Kusvikira mhedzisiro yekupedzisira, ainyatsodzivirira zvese zvaaitenda mazviri uye zvaiita sezvakanaka kwaari, sekureva kweshamwari dzake uye chirikadzi yake, Matilde Urrutia. Kune avo vaimuziva uye vakagovana naye nguva dzekutambudzika nekudzvinyirirwa, Pablo Neruda akafarira charisma yakasarudzika yeavo vakasarudzwa vanoonekwa semuenzaniso. Neruda ainyatso kuve akasiyana zvachose kubva kune uya akaratidzirwa pamberi pekamera, anonyara, asingaonekwe uye akatsikitsira ...

Pfupiso yehupenyu hwake uye maitiro ebasa rake rekunyora

Neruda aive naamai vaviri. Wake wekubereka uyo akafa achangomuberekera kubva kuTB uye Trinidad Cambia Marverde, mukadzi wechipiri wababa vake José del Carmen Reyes Morales. Sekureva kwaNeruda iye, "amai vake vechipiri vaive mukadzi anotapira, anoshingairira, aive nemufaro wekumaruwa uye anoshanda uye asinganetsi moyo."

Muna 1910 akapinda muLiceo, maakange atoita nhanho dzake dzekutanga semunyori mupepanhau reKunzvimbo inonzi "La Mañana". Chinyorwa chake chekutanga chakaburitswa chaive "Kushingaira uye kutsungirira". Met the great Gabriela Mistral, mudetembi ane mukurumbira, uyo akamupa mamwe mabhuku naTolstoy, Dostoevsky naChekhov, akakosha kwazvo mukutanga kwake kunyora mabhuku. Uye kunyangwe baba vake vaipesana chose naNeruda zvichitevera runyorwa urwu, kusawirirana kwavo kusingaperi nemwanakomana wavo kwaisazomubatsira. Yakanga iri nenzira iyi iyo yeumambo Neftalí Reyes Basoalto akatanga kuitasar iro zita rekunyepedzera raPablo Neruda, nechinangwa chega uye chakasimba che kutsausa baba vake kuitira kuti asazive kuti achiri kunyora.

Akawana zita rekuti "Neruda" zvisina kurongeka mumagazini, uye zvinoshamisa, Neruda aive mumwe munyori weCzech mavambo uyo akanyora akanaka mabharadhi pakati pezvimwe zvinhu.

Akanyora kusvika nhetembo shanu pazuva, zhinji dzacho dzaigumira mubhuku rake rekuzvitsikisa rakanzi "Twilight". Uye isu tinogunun'una nhasi patinofanirwa kutsvaga hupenyu hwedu kuti titore rondedzero yakaburitswa ... Iwe unoziva here kuti iro bhuku rinogona kuzvigadziridza pachako? Akaita mari yaaida nekutengesa fenicha, kubatisisa wachi iyo baba vake yavakange vamupa, uye kuwana rubatsiro diki paminiti yekupedzisira kubva kune ane rupo mutsoropodzi.

Zvisinei, "Crepusculario" akasiya Neruda asina kugutsikana, uye akaedza zvakanyanya kunyora rimwe bhuku nyowani. Izvi zvingave zvakanyanya zvemunhu, zvinoshanda zvakanyanya uye zvirinani kutaura kwekunyora. Zvanga zviri "Nhetembo makumi maviri dzerudo uye rwiyo rwekusuwa", yaive ndima yandakarangarira pandakatanga kunyora chinyorwa ichi:

Ndinogona kunyora mavhesi anosiririsa manheru ano.
Nyora, semuenzaniso: "Husiku hwakazara nenyeredzi,
uye nyeredzi dzebhuruu dzinodedera kure ”.
Mhepo yehusiku inotendeuka mudenga uye inoimba ...

Sekuburitswa kwebhuku repiri iri, zvinyorwa zvake zvinowedzera kuita zvematongerwo enyika. Uye zvakare, hupenyu hwake hunowedzera kuoma nekuda kwemamiriro emari, nekuti baba vake vakabvisa rubatsiro rwezvinhu apo Neruda akafunga kusiya zvidzidzo zvaakange atanga kudzidzisa chiFrench paPedagogical Institute.

Kutsvaga rubatsiro, muna 1927 iye akangowana rima uye kure kure consular posvo muRangoon, Burma. Ipapo akasangana Josie mufaro, aizove mukadzi wake wekutanga. Vakaroorana izvo hazvina kugara kwenguva refu nekuda kweshanje dzedhimoni. Akamusiya paakangonzwa kuti aive nebasa idzva muCeylon. Akavanda rwendo rwake pachivande uye haana kumuoneka, achisiya mbatya nemabhuku kumba.

Yakanga iri makore mashoma gare gare, muna 1930, apo Pablo Neruda akaroora María Antonieta Agenaar, uyo aizovewo amai vake mwanasikana, Malva Marina.

MuBuenos Aires akasangana naFederico García Lorca, uyo akasimbirira kuti aende kuSpain. Pano akasangana naMiguel Hernández, Luis Cernuda naVicente Aleixandre, pakati pevamwe. Asi nguva yake munyika dzeSpanish haina kuzogara kwenguva refu, nekuti pakatanga Hondo Yenyika muna 1936, aifanira kuenda kuParis. Ikoko, akasuruvariswa nehutsinye hwaiitika kuSpain, uye nekufa kweshamwari yake García Lorca, akanyora bhuku renhetembo rakanzi "Spain mumoyo". Zvakare pasi peichi chikonzero akafunga kugadzirisa iyo magazini "vadetembi venyika vanodzivirira veSpanish People."

Muna 1946 akange atove kumusha kwake, Chile, uko akabatana neCommunist Party, uye kwaakasarudzwa seneta weRepublic kumatunhu eTarapacá neAntofagasta. Muna 1946 akagashira iyo National Literature Mubairo. Asi mufaro wake munyika yeChile hauna kugara kwenguva refu, nekuti mushure mekuzivisa pachena kuratidzira kwaakarwisa kutambudzwa kwemubatanidzwa neMutungamiri González Videla, akatongerwa kusungwa. Kutenda kushamwari, Neruda akadzivirira jeri uye akakwanisa kusiya nyika.

Paaive akavanda, akaburitsa imwe yehunyanzvi hwake: "Canto general." Bhuku rakaburitswa muMexico uye raizogoverwa zvakavanzika muChile. Izvi makore ehutapwa vakasuruvara zvakanyanya kumunyori, uyo akaramba achiwana mibairo senge International Peace Prize, muna 1950, pamwe nemamwe maartist akadai Pablo Picasso naNazim Hikmet. Kunyangwe akasuruvara, aive nekambani yakasimba uye yakasununguka yaMatilde Urrutia, mukadzi aizove shamwari yake kusvika pazuva rekufa kwake. Naiye aifanira kugara muchivande kusvikira ave kugona kuparadzana zviri pamutemo nemukadzi wake wekare.

Muna 1958 rimwe bhuku raizoburitswa iro Neruda pachake akatsanangura se "bhuku rake repamoyo": "Estravagario". Gare gare ainyora mamwe mabasa senge "Kupenya uye kufa kwaJoaquín Murieta".

Muna 1971 akapihwa iyo Mubayiro weNobel muMabhuku, uye makore maviri gare gare, muna 1973, akafa munaGunyana 11. Mazuva mushure mekufa kwake, vakapamba noutsinye dzimba dzake muValparaíso neSantiago, zvinova zvakava kutsamwa kukuru uye kushamisika kune avo vaiyemura munyori.

Zvinyorwa zvinyorwa

Maitiro aPablo Neruda aive asinganetseki. Akanyora kutarisa pane zvese pfungwa: inzwa, kunhuwidza, kutarisa, nezvimwe. Naizvozvi akatsvaga iyo tsananguro yechiitiko kana kunzwa senge kwepanyama sezvinobvira kuendesa chokwadi ichocho kumuverengi uye kumuita kuti apinde munhetembo yake kana kunyora. Neruda ainyatsoita kana achitsvaga iyo akakodzera mazwi ayo anofadza muverengi, kunyanya muzvinhu zvisina hupenyu, izvo zvakaoma kwazvo kutsanangura.

Ndaishandisa madimikira zvakanyanya uye fananidzo kugadzira zvakadzama uye zvepamoyo kutsanangurwa kwevanhu, zvinhu, zvisikwa, uye manzwiro. Pane zvakawanda simba rekuita surrealism mumatsananguriro ake, sezvo akashandisa zvirevo zvisingawanzo nyore uye zvakaoma kutsanangura zvinhu zvakapusa, sekudanana kwerudo, mashiripiti ehusiku, nezvimwe. Iwe zvakare unoona iyo munhu wezvinhu zvisina hupenyu munhetembo yake paanotaura nenyaya yakaita saBolívar mu "Un Canto para Bolívar", kufa mu "Alturas de Macchu Picchu", kana gungwa mu "Oda al mar". Uku kuratidzwa kwemunhu kunowedzera mhedzisiro uye hunyanzvi hwenhetembo yake nekuti Neruda akapa hupenyu, manzwiro uye mweya kune zvese zvinhu zviri pasi.

Chimiro chakasarudzika chaunogona kunakidzwa mumabasa asingaverengeke.