Panguva ino yegore ini ndinowanzo dhonza kuenda divi rangu rinonyanya kuda mutauro uye kushandiswa kwaro kwakanyanya. Pakupedzisira Zvita ndakakurudzira mabhuku aya pamusoro penyaya, saka nhasi ndinokumbira imwe 7 mazita zvimwe. Iwo ma geek enyaya yacho anogara aine mumwe munhu padhuze, zvakanyanya kana kushomeka kuita, kwekubvunzana kana nekuda kwekuda kungoziva. Asi kare Kana mumwe ari munyori, mupepeti, mutori venhau kana achingova amateur uye akangwarira nemutauro, zvipo zvekumanikidza. Ndakazviita makore makumi maviri apfuura neiyo classic iyo yatove yaDon Fernando Lázaro Carreter, Mhemberero mushoko. Asi kune zvimwe zvakawanda. Ngatione izvi.

Mhemberero mushoko - Fernando Lázaro Carreter

Philologist, purofesa uye director weRoyal Spanish Academy Fernando Lazaro Carreter aive uye ane chiremera panyaya iyi. Iri basa, rakaburitswa mu 1997, akaunganidza zvinyorwa kekutanga iyo yakanga yaonekwa iine zita rimwe chete mumapepanhau kuSpain uye Latin America.  Kuunganidzwa kwake hakungori chete neyakaunganidzwa yakakura yekushandiswa kweSpanish, asi zvakare iri kuratidzira uye nhoroondo yekushanduka kwenzanga ChiSpanish mumakumi emakore apfuura. Kuseka kwake, kuomarara uye prose zvakabatsira kuunza muverengi padyo kekutanga nguva kune iro divi iro rinodhura zvakanyanya, uye zvinoita sekunge mazuva ese zvakanyanya, kushandiswa kwemutauro.

Nyora, gadzira, taura - Cervantes Institute

Iyo Instituto Cervantes inzvimbo yeruzhinji yakagadzirwa neSpain mu1991 yeiyo kusimudzira uye kudzidzisa mutauro wechiSpanish uye nemitauro yemubatanidzwa. Zvakare zvekuparadzira tsika dzeSpanish neLatin America. Inowanikwa mumaguta makumi mapfumbamwe nemakumi mana nemakumi mana munyika dziri pamakondinendi mashanu. Iine dzimbahwe mbiri kuSpain, yepakati muMadrid uye imwe iri muAlcalá de Henares. Yako mareferensi portal paInternet ndiyo iyo Cervantes Virtual Center. Uye zvechokwadi akaronga uye akaburitsa mabhuku akati wandei.

Iyi imwe imwe apo, kutora mukana weiyo yekunyora tsinga iyo isu tese dzimwe nguva tinowana, iye anoda kutiratidza iyomakiyi ekuva vanonyatso kutaura nyaya kana kuvandudza maitiro edu. Izvo hazvina basa kana isu tiri vekutanga nguva kana kana isu tatova nechero nhanho uye tichida kuziva zvakadzama maturusi makuru ekuvaka mabhuku. Saka zvinoratidza zvinopihwa kumatambudziko akasiyana emunyori: maitiro ekuita kukunda blockade kugadzira kana kusunungura fungidziro, dzidza izvo zvekutanga nezve chimiro, nzira dzekutaura nyaya, kana maitiro ekunyora chiitiko kana hunhu kune hunhu.

Makarwe muduramazwi - Cervantes Institute

Mutauro wechiSpanish uri mu inogara ichiita shanduko. Mashandisiro matsva, kana ayo anoonekwa seasina kunaka izvozvi, anozopedzisira ave kugamuchirwa uye kuita chikamu cheyakajairika. Mubhuku rino, uine agile uye isina hanya maitiro uye nemienzaniso mizhinji chaiyo, tiri kuona kuti mananara ayo pakutanga aive asiri iwo ekupedzisira anova akarurama. Inoongororawo mataurirwo anoita chiSpanish uye kuteedzera X-ray, kunyanya kuSpain. Uye, muchidimbu, inotsanangura kuti ndeupi mushandiso wakakodzera zvinoenderana nechiyero, asi kuongorora zvikonzero nei dzimwe sarudzo dzingave dzakabudirira.

Ndezvipi zveSpanish zvinovanza - Juan Romeu

Yakaburitswa gore rino, Juan Romeu, anoona nezvewebhu Pasina kukanganisa, inotikurudzira kuti tiwane nei mutauro wechiSpanish iri nzira yacho. Iye anozviita nenzira inofadza kwazvo uye anosimbisa ina ??mamiriro ezvinhu??: ?? iyo nezvepanyama (zvisaririra zvakapona, mazwi akanyangarika); ?? iyo nzvimbo (kusiyanisa kwenzvimbo munzvimbo yechiSpanish chazvino); ?? iyo mumagariro (zvinyorwa zvakakurumbira, slang,); uye iyo zvinyorwa (nyora paunenge uchitaura uye taura sekunyora kwako

Palabrology - Virgilio Ortega

Kubva ku2014. Virgil Ortega akapedza kudzidza muFilosofi neTsamba uye ave mupepeti wedhairekita kweanopfuura makore makumi mana, muSalvat, Ediciones Orbis, Plaza & Janés uye, pamusoro pezvose, muPlaneta DeAgostini. Izvi ndezvake bhuku rechitatu semunyori.

Mubhuku rino tinoona nenzira inovaraidza kuti mutauro wakashanduka sei kubva kuEjipitori, Girisi neRoma, kuburikidza neMiddle Ages, kusvika nanhasi. Panguva imwecheteyo tinoona mararamiro aya aigara. Rwendo kuburikidza nenhoroondo yemazwi uye maumbirwo awo anotibatsira kunzwisisa kuti sei vamwe vakapona uye vamwe vakawira mukusaishandisa.

Rurimi rurefu kwazvo - Lola Pons Rodríguez

Lola Pons Rodriguez Iye purofesa paYunivhesiti yeSeville muChikamu cheSpanish Mutauro uye akadzidzisawo Dialectology uye Nhoroondo yeSpanish kuYunivhesiti yeTübingen neOxford. Tsvagurudzo yake inotarisa munhoroondo yekuSpanish uye mitauro shanduko, Kunyanya kutarisisa kune syntax phenomena. Unogona kutevedzera basa rake pawebhusaiti yake.

Iri bhuku ndi kuunganidzwa kwenyaya nezve zvakapfuura nezvazvino zveSpanish uye yakanyanya kunangana nevaverengi vanoshandisa mutauro uyu. Vari zana nyaya uko mibvunzo yakaita se kwaibvepi ÑSei uchifanira kunyora B uye V kana vachidanwa zvakafanana, kana nei tichinyunyuta zvakanyanya nezvezvipfupiso zvefoni kana muMiddle Ages yaive yatopfupikiswa zvakanyanya.

Mutauro mune zvinobuditswa - Fernando Vilches Vivancos

Fernando Vilches ari philologist uye purofesa weSpanish Mutauro ku URJC. Akaburitsa mabhuku akati wandei pamusoro wenyaya dzemitauro senge Duramazwi nyowani paNet o Kuzvidza kwerurimi. Uye aishoropodza zvakanyanya kushandiswa zvisirizvo kwemitauro mune vezvenhau munaGunyana apfuura.

Munyori anotanga kufunga nezvenyika ye midhiya sechiratidziro chevanhu kwatiri. Uye huipi hwenzanga iyoyo ndiko kunetsekana kana kumanikidzwa kwechokwadi icho chakanzi midhiya inofanirawo kufunga nezvechinhu chekukurumidza. Uku kumhanya kweruzivo kunotungamira mukushaya hanya uye kushomeka kushoma kwechimiro mune izvo zvinoverengerwa kubva kune zvese zvakanyorwa uye audiovisual midhiya.

Saka edza kugadzira bhuku iri a kudana kwekucherechedza kushandiswa kwemutauro wedu kwete yevashandi vezvenhau chete, asiwo vezvematongerwo enyika nevamwe vashandisi vanofanirwa kugara vachishandisa pachena.