Quote naJuan de Mena.
Juan de Mena (1411 - 1456) aive munyori wechiSpanish akasarudzika nekutsvaga kwake chirevo chine hushoma muCastilian. Basa rake rinozivikanwa ndere Labyrinth fortunaMaari hunhu hwerwiyo hwakaomarara, hwakaomarara uye husinga tsanangurike, huri pachena. Naizvozvo, masitayera ake anokoshesa zvemukati mezvinhu kukuvadza kutaura kwakajairika uye kwazvino.
Kunyangwe basa rake rakave rakagadzirwa nevazhinji vadzidzi sechikamu cheiyo pre-Renaissance nguva, metric yacho inoratidza "kuwandisa" kwakajairika kwebaroque. Kunyanya - kunyangwe kuenda kumberi anopfuura makore zana - nhetembo dzaJuan de Mena dzinoenderana zvakakwana nehunhu hwemabhuku e culteranmo.
Biography
Akazvarwa muCórdoba muna 1411, aive nherera achiri mudiki. Zvinoenderana nezvakanyorwa sevanyori.org, "kusavapo kwezvinyorwa pavabereki vake kunoita kuti munhu afungire kuti aive nemuJudha-mutendeuki mavambo." Muna 1434 akapedza kudzidza kubva kuYunivhesiti yeSalamanca aine degree re Master of Arts. Muna 1441, Mena akaenda kuFlorence sechikamu cheCardinal de Torquemada.
Kubva ipapo akatamira kuRoma kunopedzisa dzidziso yake yemunhu. Makore maviri gare gare akadzokera kuCastile kunoshandira Juan II semunyori wezvinyorwa zveLatin. Kuna mambo ataurwa pamusoro, Juan de Mena akatsaurira nhetembo yake ine mukurumbira, Labyrinth yeFortuna. Muna 1444 akagadzwa semunyori wenhoroondo yehumambo, kunyangwe vamwe vanyori venhau vanopokana nekunyorwa kwake kwezvakanyorwa zvaJohn II.
Nyaya dzega
Kune mashoma akavimbika marekodhi uye hombe nhamba yekusava nechokwadi nezvehupenyu hwaJuan de Mena hwehupenyu uye hwakavanzika. Pakati peizvi "runyerekupe", zvinofungidzirwa kuti panguva yehudiki hwake akaroora mukadzi wechidiki kubva kumhuri yakanaka kubva kuCórdoba. Nekudaro, zita remukadzi harina kana kunyatso kuzivikanwa, uye vaviri vacho zvinoita sekunge havana vana.
Kune rimwe divi, Marina de Sotomayor ndomumwe wevakadzi vanokudzwa vane hukama nemudetembi weCordovan. Asi vezvakaitika kare havana kumbobvira vabvumirana mukuona kana yaive muchikamu che (wechipiri) mukadzi kana mudiwa. Iko hakuna zvakare marekodhi epamutemo evana anozivikanwa naJuan de Mena.
Mudetembi anotarisisa nebasa rake uye akabatana nevakuru vakuru
Juan de Mena akarondedzerwa nevanhu vakakurumbira venguva yake - pakati pavo Alonso de Cartagena naJuan de Lucerna - sa murume akabatwa nhetembo. Kusvika padanho rakadai, iye nguva zhinji akaregeredza hutano hwake nekuda kwayo. Saizvozvowo, akatanga hushamwari hwepedyo uye akagovana zvinyorwa zvekunyora nehunhu saAlvaro de Luna uye Íñigo López de Mendoza, Marquis weSantillana.
Chaizvoizvo kutenderedza chimiro cheiye wekupedzisira aristocrat Juan de Mena akanyora Makumi mashanu. Iyo nhetembo yakapararira kwazvo kubva mukuburitswa kwayo (1499), inozivikanwawo se Coronation yeMarquis yeSantillana. Chaizvoizvo, hwaro hweiri basa hwakanyorwa muprose, Mhinduro pamusoro peKugadzwa (1438).
Nhetembo dzaJuan de Mena
Coplas pamusoro pezvivi zvinomwe zvinouraya o Kukurukurirana nerufu ndiyo yaive nhetembo yekupedzisira yakanyorwa naye. Basa rakapedzwa mushure mekufa, nekuti Juan de Mena aisakwanisa kuripedza asati afa muTorrelaguna (Castilla), muna 1456. Kusvikira opera yake yekupedzisira mudetembi wechiSpanish akachengetedza kuomarara kwechimiro, kunoenderana nhetembo dzaakatangira.
Zvimiro uye chimiro
- Gumi nemaviri-syllable mita, isina rhythm, iine kushanduka kuchinjika uye monotonous maakisi ese maviri asina kudzvanywa syllables.
- Nhetembo muunyanzvi hwepamusoro nemazwi akaomesesa. Pamusoro pezvo, zvimwe zvaakanyora zvinopa mavhoriyamu masere ezvikamu zvakafanana zvekuoma kunzwisisa.
- Tsika uye neologisms kuburikidza nemazwi akaunzwa zvakananga kubva muchiLatin (pasina kugadzirisa).
- Kugara uchishandisa hyperbaton, pamwe nezviito zviri muchikamu chazvino uye mune isingagumi.
- Kushandiswa kwema archaisms kuti akwane metric.
- Nemaune baroque rhetoric - yakaremerwa - pamwe nekuwedzeredzwa: periphrasis (nzira dzinodzora kana kubuda), epanalepsis, redundancies (anaphora), chiasms, zvakapetwa kana polyptoton, pakati pevamwe.
Labyrinth de Fortuna o Mazana matatu
Iyo inoumbwa nemakumi maviri nemakumi maviri nenomwe mapfumbamwe muhukuru hukuru. Sekureva kwaRuiza and unto. (2004), iri basa "rinoonekwa semumwe wemienzaniso yakabudirira kwazvo yetsika-yeDantean yakamuka muzvinyorwa zveSpanish zvezana ramakore reXV, iyo Labyrinth yeFortuna inomiririra kushandiswa kwehunyanzvi hukuru, mutinhimira waro unonzwika uye mutauro unonzwika uye wakajeka ”.
Kunze kwechiratidzo chayo, kukosha kwechinyorwa kuri mune kutsanangurwa kuneshungu kwezviitiko zvezvakaitika zvinotsvaga kukwezva nyika yeIberia. Naizvozvo, Icho chinangwa chemudetembi wechiSpanish chekuunza kunzwa kwekubatana kwenyika kwakamiririrwa naMambo Juan II zvinonzwisisika.
Chiaroscuro
Labyrinth yemari.
Unogona kutenga bhuku pano: Fortune maze
Iri basa rinoratidza kushushikana kwanyanduri weCordovan kugadzirira kwemabhuku akanatswa. Iyo inoparadzaniswa nekushandisa kwakapindirana kwezvikamu zvehunyanzvi hukuru (gumi nemaviri syllables) uye hushoma hunyanzvi (octosyllables). Zvakaenzana, mune zvirimo, pfungwa dzekufunga dzinoonekwa mukati merima zvechokwadi uye zvine mutsindo zvine mutsindo.
Chirevo chaJuan de Mena
Sezvo nebasa rake rekunyora, Juan de Mena akashandisa duramazwi rechiLatin muchirevo chake. Nechikonzero ichi, nzira yake yekunyora yaidzokororwa kakawanda kune veRenaissance humanists Hernán Núñez naEl Brocense. Mukuwedzera kune zvambotaurwa Coronation yeMarquis yeSantillana, munyori wechiSpanish akagadzirisa Iliad, yakanzi Homer kudanana (1442).
Saizvozvo, zvakatsaurirwa kuna King John II, Homer kudanana yakarumbidzwa zvikuru uye yakabudirira mukati mezana ramakore regumi nemashanu, nekuti yaimiririra shanduro yeiyo Iliad pakutanga Zvimwechetezvo, vezvakaitika kare nevadzidzi vezvikamu zvakasiyana vakabvumirana kurumbidza kugadzirirwa kwesumo kubhuku rino nekuda kwekufungidzira kwaro kunoshamisa.
Chimwe chirevo chakakosha naJuan de Mena
Muna 1445 akanyora Rapa pazita reDuke, chinyorwa chipfupi chechimiro chepamutemo uye chivalric. Juan de Mena akanyora chinyorwa ichi mukuremekedza anokudzwa Juan de Guzmán, mushure mekuziviswa Duke weMedina Sidonia naMambo Juan II. Pakupedzisira, Ndangariro yemamwe madzinza ekare (1448) ndiro rekupedzisira rinozivikanwa basa reprozisi reSpanish rakangwara.
Yekupedzisira rugwaro rwakanangana nemuti chaiwo wemhuri (nezviratidzo zvawo) zvaJohn II. Uyezve, Juan de Mena akagadzirira chirevo chebhuku raÁlvaro de Luna, Bhuku revakadzi vakajeka uye vakanaka. Ikoko, iye anorumbidza shamwari yake uye mudziviriri nekuda kwake akashinga mudziviriri weavo vakadzi avo vanga vari nyaya yemashoko ekutuka mune akasiyana mabhuku enguva yacho.
Nhetembo dzaJuan de Mena
Kuenzanisa
(CVIII)
"Zvakanaka sezvakaita mumwe muiti wezvakaipa,
panguva yavanofarira kumwe kururamisira,
kutya kushungurudzika kunomuita cobdicia
kubva ipapo kuti urarame zvirinani,
Asi kutya kwapfuura napakati pake.
dzokera kuhuipi hwake sekutanga,
saka vakandisimbisa pakupererwa
zvishuwo zvinoda kuti mudiwa afe ”.
Imba zveMacias
(CVI)
"Loves akandipa korona yerudo."
nekuti zita rangu kune mimwe miromo.
Saka yakanga isiri yakaipa yangu yakaipa
pavanondipa mufaro kubva pamarwadzo avo.
Zvikanganiso zvinotapira zvinokunda huropi,
asi hazvigare nekusingaperi nekukurumidza sezvavanoda;
Zvakanaka, vakaita kuti ndinzwe zvakaipa kuti iwe unokura,
zivai kusada rudo, vadikani ”.