Hapana nhau kubva kugurb

Hapana nhau kubva kugurb ibhuku rinotyisa rakagadzirwa nehungwaru hweSpanish Eduardo Mendoza. Chinyorwa chayo chekutanga chakaitwa nepepanhau Nyika pakati paAugust 1 na25, 1990. Mwaka wakatevera, Seix Barral akaita kuvhurwa kwayo mumhando yemabhuku. Nyaya yacho inoitika muguta reBarcelona munguva yakatangira mitambo yeOlympic ya1992.

Iyo nyaya inofanidza diary yemutorwa achitsvaga Gurb, mutorwa ari uyo akatora chimiro chemuimbi-munyori wenziyo Martha Sánchez. Mendoza anoshandisa chimiro chevatorwa kuratidza kusanzwisisika uye maitiro evatengi vechiCatalan neSpanish nzanga panguva iyoyo. Iko vanhu vanozvibata nenzira isingatsigire uye yekufungidzira, vanonyengerwa nesimba remari uye zvisina basa.

Nezve munyori, Eduardo Mendoza Garriga

Eduardo Mendoza muchengeti wemufananidzo Akazvarwa muBarcelona muna Ndira 11, 1943. Ane degree muMutemo, akapedza kudzidza kubva kuAutonomous University yeBarcelona. Muhupenyu hwake hwese hwekunyora anga achinyanya kupinda mumhando yenyaya, kunyangwe hazvo akanyorawo zvakanakisa zvinyorwa uye nyaya pfupi. Saizvozvo, Mendoza akashanda semutambi wemitambo, gweta uye muturikiri.

Chinyorwa chake chekunyora chakaitika achigara muNew York (pakati pa1973 - 1982 akashanda semuturikiri kuUN), na Chokwadi pamusoro penyaya yeSavolta (1975). Kubva ipapo, akajekesa kubata kwake kwakanakisa kweakasiyana marondedzero zviwanikwa, mukati meyechokwadi uye yakaoma maitiro. Musoro wekutanga wenyaya yaive Varwi veCatalonia, asi yakagadziridzwa nekuda kwekudzivirira kwaFranco. Izvo zvakamuwanisa iye Vatsoropodzi Mubairo weCastilian Narrative.

Kuverenga nguva kwemabhuku ake, zvinyorwa uye nemubairo wake wakatanhamara

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Analysis of Hapana nhau kubva kugurb (1991)

Context uye nharo

Mamiriro acho ari Barcelona pamusi weJJ. OO. Ipo mutorwa achitsvaga Gurp achipfuura nemuguta, iye anotsanangura izvo zvakasarudzika uye mararamiro evagari vayo. Iyo iguta rakakomberedzwa mukumhanya-mhanya kwekugadzirira kwemutambo mukurusa wepasirose. Mapasuru ari munzira dzakavhurika, nzira dzisingatsungiririki nehunyanzvi hwenhabvu hunoshamisa kwazvo.

Nechikonzero ichi, munyori - kuburikidza nekunyomba uye kupokana - anoshoropodza hunhu hwepamusoro nekudyiwa kwevatengi. Saizvozvowo, Mendoza anoratidzira hutsinye hwehunhu hwemazuva ano hwakanangana nemamiriro uye hupenyu hwevanhu. Iko kuseka ndiko kunzwa uko kunofambidzana nekosi yezviitiko; sekuonekwa mune chidimbu chinotevera:

"gumi neshanu. 15. Ndinowira mugomba rakavhurwa neBarcelona Water Company.

15. 04. Ndinowira mugomba rakavhurwa neNational Telephone Company.
16. 05. Ndinowira mugomba rakavhurwa nesangano remunharaunda mumugwagwa weCórcega ”.

Vanhu

Mutorwa asingazivikanwe

Mutungamiriri (zita risingazivikanwe) rechikepe anorondedzera zviitiko mumunhu wekutanga kuburikidza nezvinyorwa mudhayari rake. Iye munyori anoteedzera phenotype yehunhu hwakasiyana apo iye anoenderana nehupenyu pasi pano. Inotanga nechitarisiko cheCount-Duke weOlivares. Ipapo, zvinoteedzana zvichichinja kune mafomu aMiguel de Unamuno, Isoroku Yamamoto kana Alfonso V de León, pakati pevamwe.

gurb

Saiye waasina kuzivikanwa waanoshanda naye, Gurb mutorwa asina muviri. Anosarudza kutora fomu yeanofara muimbi Martha Sánchez. Vatorwa vaviri ava vanoda mumwe nemumwe kuti akwanise kudzokera kugwara ravo, mushure mekumhara padyo neBarcelona nekuda kwekuparara muchikepe chavo. Nekudaro, ndiye wekutanga kubuda kuti anoona kuti hupenyu hwakaita sei muguta guru uye mumwe wake anoenda kunomutsvaga gare gare.

Mr. Joaquín naDoña Mercedes

Ivo vanhu vaviri vakura vane bhawa rinowanzoshanyirwa nemunyori. Ivo vanokudziridza hushamwari hwakanaka nevasingazivikanwe vekunze, vachiva hukama hwakavimbika pakati pavo. Kusvika padanho rekuti anozvipira kutora chinzvimbo kana Mai Mercedes vabvumirwa muchipatara.

Muvakidzani

Iye mukadzi akaroorwa, asina kuroora uye ane mwanakomana, uyo munyori anowira murudo naye. Kunyangwe achinge asina hanya nekuungana kwenharaunda (haawanzo kuenda), anozivikanwa semunhu anozvibata. Iwe haumbofi wakasara kumashure neyako yekanzuru kubhadhara Murombo asingazivikanwe mutorwa anoedza kakawanda - pasina - kukunda mukadzi, asi haafarire nzira dzake kana nzira dzake.

Maumbirwo uye maitiro echinyorwa

Nyaya yacho yakakamurwa muzvikamu gumi neshanu zvinoenderana nenhamba yemazuva ezviitiko zvemunyori achitsvaga Gurb. Mune imwe neimwe yadzo, Mendoza anoratidzira maitiro ake ekushamisa uye kuseka kwevatema kuti atsanangure kusada kwake nezvetsika dzemagariro dzenguva. Saizvozvowo, anoshandisa kudzokorora nechinangwa cheunechinangwa chekugadzira kuseka. Neichi chikonzero, iyo anaphora inoshumirira kuratidza yakasindimara (uye isina musoro) hunhu hwemunyori.

Saizvozvowo, hyperbole inoshandiswa kuitira kuti iite kune chinonakidza chikamu chenyaya. Zvakare nekujekesa matambudziko emutorwa muchinangwa chake chekunzwisisa magariro. Nekudaro, munyori anokwanisa kuratidza kushoropodza kwakasimba nezve chimiro chenharaunda yanhasi.

Kukosha kwemaonero ekunze

Iyo yekune dzimwe nyika uye yekuda kuziva kwekuona inopa iyo protagonist iine zvinyoronyoro chinangwa. Nekudaro, iwo asingazivikanwe akataurwa nemutungamiriri nezve hurema hwevanhu vechiCatalan zvinoita kunge zvechokwadi sezvo vasina mhosva, zvingangoitikawo. Rudzi urwu rwe "hunhu hwevudiki" hunonyanya kuoneka munzira yekudyira yemunyori.

Kune rimwe divi, murondedzeri anoshaya chero rudzi rwekusarura kana fungidziro dzakapfuura nevanhu. Ndokunge, zviitiko zvinoonekwa sekunge zvese zvaive zvekutanga-nguva nyaya. Pakati pezvirevo izvi, machismo, kusaenzana mune zveupfumi uye hupfumi uye dzimwe tsika dzechinyakare dzinoonekera. Zvisinei, vaviri vatorwa vanoda kugara muBarcelona kusvika kumagumo ehupenyu hwavo.