Unyanzvi hwesimba.
Dutu mutambo weiyo theatre muzviito zvishanu, zvakanyorwa mundima neprozi nemunyori wemukurumbira wechiRungu William Shakespeare. Izvo zvakanyorwa uye zvakatanga kuratidzwa muna 1611. Kuoneswa zviri pamutemo kwebasa kwakaitika paImba yeWhitehall, pamberi paMambo James I weEngland, uye vaitungamira kambani yaMambo Men Men yemitambo. Mumakore apfuura yakaratidzwa nguva dzisingaverengeke uye yakashandurwa mumitauro yakasiyana siyana uye iri pakati iwo gumi akanakisa mabhuku evanoda gungwa.
Inotariswa, pamwe chete ne Hamlet, rimwe remabasa akaomesesa emunyori waro. Mavara ake, dialogues uye mamiriro ezvinhu ave nekuverenga kwakawanda nevatsoropodzi. Inobata nemadimikira akadai sekuda, kutengesa, kutsiva uye kudzikinura, mukati memamiriro ezvinhu anosanganisa zvemweya wepanyika.. Mutambi mukuru we Dutu, n'anga Prospero, anovhara mutambo neyekurangarira monologue, iyo yava imwe yemitsara yakataurwa naShakespeare mumazana emakore apfuura: “Isu takagadzirwa nechinhu chimwe chete sekurota. Nyika yedu diki yakakomberedzwa nehope. "
Sobre el autor
William Shakespeare aive mutambi wechiChirungu, mudetembi, uye mutambi, akazvarwa muna 1564 mu Stratford Avon. Iye anoonekwa semunyori akakosha kupfuura vese muchiRungu.
Iye aive mwanakomana wemutengesi uye mugari wenhaka muridzi wemunda, izvo zvakamupa chinzvimbo chakanaka munharaunda kubva paakazvarwa, kunyangwe pasina mazita anokudzwa. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti akadzidza paStratford Grammar Chikoro, kwaaizodzidza chiLatin neChirungu, uye nekuvandudza kuravira kwake kwakakurumbira kwekuverenga zvinyorwa zvekare uye zvekunze.
Munguva ye1590s akagara muLondon, uko Aive chikamu chekambani yaIshe Chamberlain's Men theatre semutambi uye mutambi wemitambo. Gare gare, panguva yekutonga kwaJames I, yakanzizve Varume vaMambo.
Akanyora madrama mazhinji, comedies uye nhamo dzakamiririrwa pamakondinendi mashanu pamusoro pemazana emakore Mitambo yake uye nhetembo zvakakurudzira maartist eese madhiri panguva dzakasiyana. Akanyora Dutu seimwe yemabasa ekukura kwake, muna 1611
William Shakespeare Akafira kumusha kwake muna 1616.
Chitsuwa chiri pakati pepasi uye chinoshamisa
Izvo zviitiko zvine hukama zvinoitika pachitsuwa chegwenga panosvika vanhu vacho nechisimba: Antonio, Mutongi weMilan; Alonso, Mambo weNaples; Prince Ferdinand nevamwe vashoma nevashandi.
Kuputsika kwechikepe kunovaendesa kumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro kwaisave kungoitika netsaona, asi kwaive kukonzeresa kwedutu rakaburitswa naArieri, sylph pasi pekurairwa nen'anga Prospero, anogara pachitsuwa. Ichakurumidza kuzarurirwa kumuoni kuti Prospero ndiye mugari wenhaka chaiye weDuchy yeMilan uye kuti munin'ina wake, Antonio, mukumukira, akamutumira kunofira muchikepe nemwanasikana wake Miranda makore apfuura. Mukutapwa kwake, Prospero akadzidza hunyanzvi hwemashiripiti uye akadzora zvisikwa zvaigara pachitsuwa chegwenga: Ariel naCaliban.
Shakespeare mutsara.
Ivo vanogara pamwe seizvi, mu Dutu, vezvematongerwo enyika uye vatambi venyika chaivo vane masimba emashiripiti uye mashiripiti. Pakati penyika mbiri pane protagonist, aimbove muchinda, kune mazhinji emitambo iye muroyi anotsiva uye pakupedzisira anosiya mabhuku ake emashiripiti kuti adzokere kuMilan.
Mushure mekuuya kwaMambo Alonso, Antonio nevamwe vese vafambisi vechikepe kuchitsuwa ichi, Prospero nevashandi vake vanoshamisa vanorangana kuvhundutsa nekuvabata, nekudaro achipedzisa kutsiva kwen'anga kune zvakaitwa naAntonio kare. Kufungidzira uye huroyi chikamu chepakati chebasa.
Ruregerero neruregerero semharidzo yekupedzisira
Mukutadza kusingatarisirwi kusvika kumagumo kwemutambo, Prospero anoregerera vavengi vake, anosiya mabhuku ezvipere kumashure, uye afunga kudzokera kuMilan ndokutangazve hupenyu hwake hwekare.. Zvese izvi zvinoitika nekuda kwekunyepedzera kwaMiranda naPrince Fernando, avo vakasangana netsaona yedutu vakasarudza kuroora.
Rudo runoguma rwokunda uye Prospero anodzokera kuhunhu hwake. Kuguma uku kunopesana nerima uye kusagadzikana kwemutambo, iyo zvakare ine inonakidza mamiriro panguva yekukura kwayo.
Kwakasiyana mareferenzi ezviitiko zvenguva yake
Kune vakawanda vadzidzi, chokwadi che Dutu Ivo vakafemerwa chikamu neiyo George Somers nyaya. Uyu aive Admiral anozivikanwa muBritish Royal Navy uyo akapona mushure mekubatwa nevashandi vake pakati pedutu kubva kumahombekombe eBermuda Islands muna 1609.
Izvo zvave zvichinziwo zvinongedzera kune nzendo dzekukunda kweNyika Idzva, nharaunda iyo korona yeBritain neSpanish yakakwikwidza. Kune vazhinji veEuropean panguva iyoyo, America yaive nyika yezvisingazivikanwe, zvemashiripiti, uye zvikara.
Pakave nekufungidzira kwakawanda pamusoro pehukama pakati paProspero naCaliban, munhu akatsamwa uye wechinyakare uyo muroyi anoisa uye anoisa pabasa rake.. Sekureva kwevaverengi vazhinji nevatsoropodzi, zvinomiririra hukama huripo pakati peye colonizer nevakazvarwa veAmerica.
Vanhu
Kubudirira
Iye ndiye Dhivhi wepamutemo weMilan, uyo mukoma wake Antonio akamutumira nechikepe chisina chinangwa kuti achengetedze Duchy. Pachitsuwa anova muroyi ane simba uye anoronga kutsiva kwake. Pakupera kwemutambo, anofunga kukanganwira kutengesa uye kudzokera kumusha. Soliloquy yake yekupedzisira uye epilogue (maakange asisazvipe kuzvipa nemashiripiti parwendo rwekudzoka) inomiririra mbiri pamusoro uye akayeukwa zvakanyanya zvinyorwa zveShakespeare yekutamba.
Miranda
Iye ndiye mudiki uye anorota mwanasikana waProspero. Nguva pfupi asvika pachitsuwa, Caliban anoedza kumubata chibharo, saka Prospero anosarudza kumubata noutsinye kubva zvino zvichienda mberi. Anodanana naFernando, mwanakomana wamambo, uye anoda kumuroora.
Unyanzvi hwaMiranda muThe Tempest.
Caliban
Iye ndiye mwanakomana wemuroyi uye dhimoni. Iyo inomiririra yechinyakare uye visceral chikamu chevanhu. Panguva yekuvandudzwa kwechirongwa, anoedza kugonesa mushandi wechikepe chakapunzika kuti auraye Prospero, nekudaro achiratidza hunhu hwake hwekungomhanyirira uye hwekuchinja.
Caliban ave ataurwa kana kufemerwa nevamwe vatambi mumabasa anozivikanwa ekunyora. Iye anonongedzerwa kwaari mune chirevo chakakurumbira kune Mufananidzo waDorian GreynaOscar Wilde, pamwe ne Ulysses naJames Joyce, pakati pevamwe.
Ariel
Iyo ishamwari yeCalban, sezvo inomiririra yepamusoro uye isingabatike pamunhu. Akagara akavharirwa naamai vaCaliban muroyi Sycorax kudzamara Prospero amununura, saka anovimbisa kuvimbika kun'anga achitarisira kuti rimwe zuva achazowana rusununguko rwake. Icho chiri chemhepo, icho chine akawanda masimba emashiripiti uye anogona kudzora mhepo.
Antonio
Iye ndiye Mutongi wazvino weMilan wekufungidzirwa kufa kwaProspero. Panguva yekugara kwake pachitsuwa, anoedza kuumba zvinyengeri pakati paMambo Alonso nemunin'ina wake, Sebastián. Inonyengera uye ine chinzvimbo.