Dadaism

Dadaism isangano reunyanzvi rakavambwa nanyanduri wechiRomania Tristan Tzara (1896 - 1963). Mune manifesto, munyori akati: “Ini ndinopesana neese masisitimu; chinogamuchirwa kwazvo pamasisitimu ndechekusave nechero musimboti ”. Ichi chingave chikamu chehwaro hwepfungwa yezvazvino izvo zvaakabata. Saizvozvowo, vanyori venhau dzakaitika vanofunga Hugo Ball (1886 - 1927) naHans Arp (1886 - 1966) sevatangiri veichi chiitiko.

Zita rayo rinobva pazwi rechiFrench "dada" - zvichireva toyi kana bhiza remuti-, rakasarudzwa zvisina tsarukano kubva muduramanzwi. (mune nemaune zvisina musoro chiito). Izvi zvinoreva uye zvinoratidza kushomeka kwenhungamiro, chinzvimbo chinopesana nechinyakare uye chakajeka anarchic chinhu kubva kune genesis yechikwata.

Nhoroondo yezvakaitika

Switzerland, nharaunda ine ropafadzo

Munguva yeHondo Yenyika Yekutanga (1914 - 1918), Switzerland - senyika isina kwayakarerekera - yakagamuchira vazhinji vapoteri. Mune hunyanzvi-hunyanzvi nharaunda, mamiriro ezvinhu aya akaburitsa kusangana kwakasiyana kwazvo kwevanyori vanobva kumakona ese eEurope.

Zvisinei nekusiyana kwemafungiro netsika nemagariro, vazhinji vavo vakabvumirana pane imwechete pfungwa: iyo hondo yaive chiratidzo chekudonha kweWest. Nekudaro, kuvimbiswa kwebudiriro kwakaunzwa nesainzi uye tekinoroji kufambira mberi kweyechipiri yekuvandudza kwemaindasitiri, kwakatungamira kurufu pamwero mukuru.

A yekuita tsika

Iko kuora mwoyo kwakagovaniswa kweboka iro revanyori, literati uye vakangwara vaimiririra nzvimbo yakakwana yekuberekesa. Kune zvimiro zvakajairika zvekuyedza kwesainzi, chinamato, uye huzivi - kunyanya kufungidzira - hazvichapi mhinduro dzematambudziko eEurope. Saizvozvowo, vanosimudzira veDadaism vakaramba iwo chaiwo maitiro ehukama positivism.

Saka, iyo Cabaret Voltaire muZurich yakaona kuberekwa kweDadaism muna 1916. Izvi zvaireva kuratidzwa kwe burlesque kunharaunda yebourgeois uye hunyanzvi kuburikidza nezvimisheni zvinokurudzira (mune rudzi rweanopokana neunyanzvi). Nekudaro, iyo musimboti weDadaism inochengetera isingarambiki inoshora uye isingabvumirani chinangwa chinopesana neyakagadzwa hurongwa.

Zviratidzo

Chekutanga chiri pachena chimiro cheDadaism ndiko kupaza neyakajairika uye inochengetedza zviyero. Kuva tsika yeavant-garde, inopandukira uye yekuratidzira mweya, nyaya dzakadai sekuzvidzora uye hunyanzvi hutsva hunowana hunhu hwehunural. Iko kunatsiridza uye kusaremekedza kwekusika kunokosheswa kukosha.

Nenzira imwecheteyo, dzidziso dzisingaperi ndedzekusagadzikana uye kusasarura. Neichi chikonzero, maDadaist maartist uye vanyori vanowanzo tarisa kutsvaga nyonganiso uye zvisingaenderane nehunyanzvi maitiro. Zvinoenderana, zvisinganzwisisike, zvisina musoro kana zvisinganzwisisike zvirimo zvinowanzoitika, zviine madhizaini makuru esimbi, radicalism, kuparadza, hasha, kusava netariro ...

Iyo "anti-positivist" yakanaka

Dadaism irworwo rwekufunga kwehunyanzvi kwakamuka mukupesana nehukama hwehukama hwezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri rekutanga. Vamiririri vayo vakashoropodza mararamire emabourgeois nekuda kwavo hupfumi uye unyengeri "Kugamuchirwa mutsika"; vaingovenga zvavo zvepamusoro.

Nechikonzero ichi, pfungwa dzakadai sedzemunyika nekusashivirira dzinoonekwa zvakanyanya nepfungwa dzaDadaist. Mune maonero aya, kuda nyika, kutenga hupfumi uye hupfumi zvinosarudzwa sekukonzera zvinosemesa zvakanyanya zvevanhu: hondo.

Interdisciplinary

Dadaism haigoneke kungoenderana neunyanzvi chete. Chaizvoizvo, ndezvechizvino zvino zvinosanganisa nzira dzakasiyana siyana, dzichivaita akazara. Neichi chikonzero, kufamba yakashanduka kubva paruoko rweanowonekwa akasiyana, manomwe akazara. Ivo vese vanoratidzira ruvengo kune chikamu chevaDadaist kuenda kune aestheticism uye runako nekuda kweiyo yakaoma chokwadi chenyika yeEuropean.

Kukoshesa chiitiko chehunyanzvi

Chaizvoizvo, Dhadhi muimbi anofanirwa kusarudza chinhu kuti achipe chinangwa kana chirevo. Hapana mhaka iyo chiitiko cheyakagadzirwa chinoteedzera chero chishamiso chirevo kana chirevo chemunhu. Mune mamwe mazwi, mugadziri haasi iye chaiye jenareta werunako, pane zvinopesana, haasisiri iye anopenda, anopwanya kana kunyora. "Chiito chehunyanzvi" chinokosheswa zvakanyanya.

Innovative

Dadaism yaiperekedza iyo genesis yehunyanzvi hunyanzvi hunyanzvi, kusanganisira photomontage, zvakagadzirwa uye iyo collage (zvakajairika ku cubism). Kune rimwe divi, photomontage inzira inoenderana nekumisikidza zvidimbu zvakasiyana zvemifananidzo (uye / kana madhirowa) kuitira kuti ugadzire mufananidzo wakasarudzika.

Ndichiri zvakagadzirwa inosanganisira kupindira kana kushandura chinhu chezuva nezuva nechinangwa chekuchipa chemhando yepamusoro (meseji) kana chirevo. Cnechinangwa chakafanana, kollaji inomuka kubva mukubatanidzwa kwezvinhu (iyo inogona kuchinjwa), zvidhori, mifananidzo, mifananidzo uye kunyange manzwi.

Zvinyorwa Dadaism

Chinyorwa chinyorwa cheDadaism (nemaune) chisina musoro. Chainyanya kupinza munhetembo genre uye, zvinoenderana nenheyo dzesangano, chakanangana nekushandisa mashandisirwo emazwi. Iko kunoteedzana kwemazwi kana zvirevo kushaya chirevo cheaxiomatic kana tambo inoenderana yekukakavara.

Zvimiro zveDadaist Nhetembo

• Kupesana neyakajairika metric zvivakwa uye madingindira ane chekuita nezvekuratidzika uye zvemagariro positivism.
• Inosimbisa kufungidzira.
• Inokurudzira zvisina maturo.
• Maitiro ake anosetsa uye burlesque, kunyanya kune echinyakare maficha enziyo.

"Chinyorwa" chekuvandudza zvinyorwa zveDadaist

Imwe yedzakajairika nzira dzekugadzira nhetembo dzaDada ndeye kuburikidza nemapepanhau. Kutanga, kureba kwechinyorwa chinofanira kuunganidzwa kunofanirwa kutemerwa kuitira kuti uverenge huwandu hwemazwi anodikanwa. Iwo akachekwa mazwi anozoiswa mukati mebhokisi (kwete kujekesa) riine buri.

Iwo mazwi ari mubhokisi anozopwanywa kuti ave nechokwadi chekuita. Chekupedzisira, mazwi anonamirwa pajira sezvaanoratidzika. Mhedzisiro yacho ichave iri isinganzwisisike kuteedzana kwemazwi

Iye calligram

Iyi nzira - yakamboshandiswa na Guillaume Apollinaire, munyori akabatanidzwa ne cubism - akadyisa mabhuku eistaist. Iyi nzira inofarira kusarongeka kwezwi kuiswa uye inodzivirira zvine musoro kurira kwesangano. Kunyangwe hazvo calligram inowanzo shandiswa kujekesa mifananidzo yakatemwa kana kuumbwa netsamba.

Kugara nekusingaperi

Kunyangwe macollege achinyanyo kuve nechekuita ne cubism, iwo zvakare ari chikamu che "nhaka" yeDadaism. Parizvino, hunyanzvi uhu hunobvumidza kusanganisa hunyanzvi nomwe mune rimwe basa. Muchokwadi, nekuda kwe laser tekinoroji uye 3D maprinta, Mazuva ano zvinokwanisika kuumba macollage mumativi matatu ane "zvinoyangarara" audiovisual fungidziro.

Muchokwadi, iwo matekinoroji eiyo Industrial Revolution 4.0 akatungamira kune nyowani nyowani yezvakagadzirwa mikana. Chero zvazvingaitika, Zvizhinji zvehwaro hweDadaism (avant-garde, kutsva, hunyanzvi, kusaremekedza, kukanganisa ...) zvinonzwisisika mune zvemazuva ano epurasitiki uye mune zvehunyanzvi kuratidzira kwezana XXI century.