Kodi ndi zofunikira ziti kuti mupambane Mphotho ya Nobel mu Literature?

October 6 - Lachinayi loyamba la mwezi wakhumi, monga mwachizolowezi - Swedish Academy idzalengeza wopambana wa Nobel Prize for Literature 2022. M'masiku apitawo, mayina a omwe akuwakayikira kuti apambane mphoto amayamba kumveka, monga chaka chilichonse, m'ma tabloids padziko lonse lapansi. Ku Spain, Javier Marías (RIP) wakhala akudikirira kwa zaka zambiri—ndipo sizikulamulidwa kuti adzakhala Mphotho yachiwiri ya Nobel ya Literature yoperekedwa pambuyo pa imfa—; ku Canada, Margaret Atwood ndi Anne Carson; kwa Japan, Haruki Murakami… ndipo mndandanda ukupitilira.

Chowonadi ndi chakuti, kusiya pambali nyanja ya opambana omwe angathe, pali funso limene otsatira ambiri a Swedish Academy amadzifunsa: "Ndizofunikira zotani kuti mupambane Mphotho ya Nobel mu Literature?". M'munsimu, mfundo zina zofunika zomwe zidzamveketsa chinsinsi ichi ndipo idzasonkhezera ambiri kupitirizabe kugwira ntchito molimbika m’ntchito yawo ya kulemba.

Choyamba: kusankhidwa

Chaka chilichonse, mazikowo amakhala ndi udindo wopanga zopempha zovomerezeka. Pambuyo pake, masukulu, mabungwe ndi olemba odziwika a dziko lililonse ali ndi udindo wotumiza mafomu awo.

Pankhani imeneyi, Ellen Mattson, membala wa Komiti yotchuka ya Nobel, anati: "Tili ndi anthu padziko lonse lapansi omwe ali ndi ufulu wosankha: ophunzira, otsutsa, olankhulira mabungwe olemba mabuku, masukulu ena. Komanso omwe adapambana kale, komanso mamembala a Swedish Academy. "

Zofunikira zofunika?

Kwambiri: kukhala ndi makonsonanti, njira yokhazikika ndi izo, malinga ndi woyambitsa mphotoyo, Alfred Nobel, ntchitoyo wapereka "phindu lalikulu kwa anthu".

Zitha kuganiziridwa pambuyo powerenga chiganizocho kuti wolembayo ayenera kuti adalimbikitsa makhalidwe, mfundo, kusintha mwamphamvu, kapena, monga momwe zinalili Abdulrazak Gurnah —wopambana wa 2021 Nobel Prize for Literature —, pokhala mawu a anthu omwe sanathe kuyankhula. Zomwe tafotokozazi ziyenera kukhala zodziwika bwino, chifukwa chake kufunikira kokhala ndi njira yowoneka bwino komanso yomveka.

Pitirizani kuyeretsa koyamba pazolinga zikwizikwi: khalani ndi "zaumulungu"

Pambuyo pa pempho la zofunsira ndi bungwe lolamulira, mayina a ofunsira amalandiridwa mpaka February 1st. Nthawi zambiri, malingaliro ambiri amafika. Patatha miyezi iwiri, Academy imayang'anira ntchito yoyeretsa kwambiri mpaka 20 ofuna.

Ngakhale tinganene kuti amaphunzira ntchito ndi ntchito ya wolemba aliyense kuti adziwe yemwe ali woyenerera kukhala m'gulu losankhidwa ili, Chowonadi ndichakuti sichidziwika bwino kuti ndi njira ziti zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti mudziwe yemwe wadutsa fyuluta yofunikayi..

Tsopano, zomwe tikudziwa, ndipo zambiri zaposachedwa kuchokera kwa Mattson mwiniwake, ndi zimenezo kuyang'ana "kuwala kwaumulungu"... "mtundu wina wa mphamvu, chitukuko chomwe chimapitirira kupyolera m'mabuku."

Kuti ntchitoyo imaonekera pakati pa omaliza 5

Mwezi wa Epulo ndi Meyi umadutsa ndikudula kwina komwe kumatenga chiwerengero cha ofuna kusankhidwa kuchokera pa 20 mpaka 5. Kuyambira pamenepo, pambuyo pa fyuluta, ntchito za osankhidwa zimaphunziridwa mozama, ndipo mu October—kupyolera mu voti ya Nobel Committee— zimasankhidwa kuti ndani adzalowa m'mbiri ya makalata a anthu.

Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti wolemba amene walandira mavoti oposa theka amapambana. Mbali ina yachilendo pang'ono ndi imeneyo palibe amene angapambane ngati simunasankhidwe osachepera kawiri pa mphothoyo. Chifukwa chake, palibe munthu watsopano yemwe angalandire Mphotho ya Nobel ya Literature, ngakhale ntchito yake itanena mosiyana. Tsopano ndizomveka chifukwa chake timakonda kumva mayina wamba pakati pa omwe angapambane chaka chilichonse.

Deta ya chidwi ndi zina zoonekeratu

• Palibe amene angadzipangire yekha ntchito;
• Mpaka pano, 114 Nobel Prizes for Literature yaperekedwa;
• Pali opambana 118 (119 Lachinayi lotsatira);
• Kanayi mphoto yakhala ikuwirikiza kawiri;
• 101 amuna apatsidwa;
• Azimayi 16 okha ndi omwe adapambana Mphotho ya Nobel ya Literature;
• Panali nthawi 7 pomwe mphothoyo sinaperekedwe;
• Erik Axel Karlfeldt ndiye munthu yekhayo amene adalandira Mphotho ya Nobel ya Literature atamwalira.. Izi zidachitika pamwambo wa mphotho ya 1931.
• Olemba zinenero zosiyanasiyana 25 adasiyanitsidwa;
• Rudyard Kipling ndi munthu wachichepere kwambiri kulandira Mphotho ya Nobel mu Literature.. Zinachitika mu 1907. Pa nthawi ya mwambo wopereka mphoto, anali ndi zaka 41;
• Zaka 100 pambuyo pake inali nthawi ya munthu wamkulu kwambiri kulandira mphothoyo, anali ndi zaka 88. Izo zinachitika mu 2007, ndipo anali Doris Lessing;
• Kaŵirikaŵiri mphothoyo yakanidwa. Nthawi yoyamba inali Boris Pasternak, mu 1958; Kenako Jean-Paul Sartre mu 1964.