William Aguirre. Kufunsana ndi mlembi wa nkhanu inayake

Kujambula: Guillermo Aguirre, mbiri ya Facebook.

William Aguirre Amachokera ku Bilbao koma amakhala ku Madrid ndipo amagwira ntchito ngati wotsutsa zolembalemba, komanso kukhala wolemba nkhani za Ámbito Cultural komanso wotsogolera maphunziro ku Hotel Kafka. M'njira imeneyi kuyankhulana Amalankhula nafe za Nkhanu inayake, buku lake laposachedwa, ndi zina zambiri. Ndikukuthokozani kwambiri chifukwa chopereka nthawi yanu, kukoma mtima komanso chidwi chanu kwa ine.

Guillermo Aguirre - Mafunso

• NEWS LITERATURE: Buku lanu laposachedwa limatchedwa nkhanu inayake. Mukutiuza chiyani za izi ndipo lingalirolo lidachokera kuti?

William Aguirre: Ndi nkhani ya a gulu la achinyamata, kuyambira zaka 12 mpaka 18, komanso ku Bilbao kumapeto kwa zaka makumi asanu ndi anayi, ngakhale chiwembu chapakati chimagwira ntchito makamaka kudzera mwa mmodzi wa iwo: Cangrejo. Onsewo ndi anyamata amene amasiya sukulu n’kupita m’misewu. Tili ndi kulephera mu magawo ofanana: kulephera kwamalingaliro, kulephera kwa maphunziro a kunyumba ndi maphunziro apamwamba ndipo potsiriza kulephera kwa chiwawa monga njira yopezera zinthu. Iwo anena kuti ndi novel wankhanza, wosanyengerera, wachiwawa komanso ndi nthabwala zina.

Cholinga chinali kuti athe kufotokoza bwino kwa achinyamata omwe ali kunja kwa mphika, zilakolako zawo, zolinga zawo, malingaliro awo, zowawa, ndipo nthawi yomweyo amaika wowerenga pang'ono m'malo a anthu: timachita nawo chiyani? Kodi timawapulumutsa, timawatsutsa? Kodi timaziyika kuti? Lingaliro lokha siliri choncho kuwuka, kani anali. Ndikutanthauza zimenezo Ine ndinali wamng'ono wa iwo, ndipo mukakhala ndi zochitika zinazake, zimaoneka ngati kuyenera kuwauza ngati muli ndi mpata.

M'bukuli ndimapanga a chiwembu chopeka kuzungulira mndandanda wa ziwawa ndi umbanda zomwe sizinachitike, kapena osati kwa ine, koma cholinga chomaliza ndikuvumbulutsa kuseri kwa zinthu zomwe ndimadziwira ndekha, ndikupangitsa kuti ntchitoyo ikhale yolimba, yomwe imatha kulankhula maso ndi maso ndi wachinyamata yemwe ali ndi mavuto, wachinyamata yemwe ali ndi mavuto, kapena nzika iliyonse yomwe ili ndi chidwi chofuna kudziwa zamtunduwu komanso unyamata wa B-mbali, titero kunena kwake. Za iwo omwe amayenda kumbali yakutchire ya moyo.  

• AL: Kodi mungabwerere ku buku loyambirira lomwe mwawerenga? Ndipo nkhani yoyamba yomwe mudalemba?

GA: Ndikuganiza kuti zinali pafupi Mphepo m'mitsinje, kapena mwina Peter Pan. Osachepera amenewo anali mabuku oyamba omwe ndinawerenga popanda kuthandizidwa kapena popanda kampani, ndipo anali osadzaza ndi zithunzi. Sindikukumbukira msinkhu wanga, koma ndikukumbukira kuti ndinawawerengera m'chipinda china chosiyana ndi changa, agogo anga, kuti ndikagone pafupi ndi chipinda cha amayi anga (ndimachita mantha usiku). ndikukhulupirira zimenezo kuchokera ku mantha amenewo a usiku ndi kusagona tulo ndipamene chilakolako chowerenga chinayamba.

Pa nthawi imeneyo ndiyenera kuti ndinawerenganso buku lotchedwa Anyamata a Pal Street, lolembedwa ndi Ferenc Molnár, mutu womwe sudziwika kwambiri kuposa wam'mbuyomo, wokhudza ana omwe kumayambiriro kwa zaka za XNUMX amamenyera malo opanda anthu oyandikana nawo ndi miyala. zimandisangalatsa. Mwinamwake izo zirinso ndi chochita nazo nkhanu inayake: Chidwi cha mdima, kwa achiwawa, kwa antihero ndi zomwe zimatsogolera Nkhanu kukumana ndi oipa omwe ali pa ntchito. Choncho samalani ndi zinthu zomwe zili zolembalemba, chifukwa zonse zimapulumutsa ndi kutsutsa.

Mulimonsemo, kuyankha funso lina, nkhani yoyamba zimene ndinayamba kulemba zinali pa taipi ya agogo anga, yokhala ndi theka la masamba a greyhound. Inali nkhani yodzala ndi zolembedwa molakwika anthu atatu amatsikira mchitsime ndipo kumeneko amapeza chitukuko chatsopano momwe nyama zimalankhula ndikukhala ngati ife, komanso momwe anthu amachita ngati ziweto. Inde sindinamalize, kapena sindingathe kunena momwe izo zimathera, chifukwa ndikanatero pafupifupi zaka zisanu ndi zinayi, kapena ayi, koma akadali kunyumba. Nthawi zina ndimazipeza mufoda yaubwana, kotero ndimadziwa kuti ilipo, kapena kuti inalipo.

• AL: Wolemba mutu? Mutha kusankha zingapo kuposa nthawi zonse.

GA: Ndikuganiza kuti pali nthawi zambiri kuti mukhale ndi wolemba wamkulu mwa aliyense wa iwo. Ngati mukufuna ndikuuzeni mabuku ena anthawi zosiyanasiyana omwe amandiyika chizindikiro: bulu wagolide, wa Apuleius. wotsogolera, El Adolphe ndi Benjamin Constant, Zosangalatsa za Huckleberry Finn o Moby Dick… Ndi woyendayenda, ndi Colette, tikadalowa kale m'zaka za zana la XNUMX, ndipo pamenepo zinthu zimayamba kuchulukirachulukira pokhudzana ndi olemba ndi olemba omwe ndimakonda kapena chidwi: Forster, Evelyn akuliraLa wankhanza, Margaret Kumalo, onse a Roth ndipo, kwa kanthawi tsopano Annie Ernaux kapena Vivian Gornik…alipo ambiri mzaka za zana la XNUMX.

Olemba mitu: Lawrence Durrell, Le Carré ndi Terry Pratchett. Iwo sali ofanana kupatula mu Chingerezi, ndipo osati momwemo, chifukwa Durrell anakhala moyo wake wonse kuyesa kuopseza British kutengera achifwamba achilendo ku Mediterranean, koma Hei. Iwo ali m'gulu la olemba omwe ndimawakonda kwambiri: woyamba wa chinenero chawo, wachiŵiri kwa nkhani zawo, wachitatu ndi nthabwala zawo.   

• AL: Ndi khalidwe liti m'buku lomwe mungakonde kukumana nalo ndikupanga?

AG: Pamlingo wina ndizovuta kuyankha izi popanda kubwereranso ku mayankho am'mbuyomu: ndani sakanafuna kulenga Peter Pan? Kapena wosangalatsa wosangalatsa Chule kuchokera Mphepo m'mitsinje? Mayi anga adanditcha dzina la munthu wina wochokera m'mabuku a ana: Guillermo Brown, kapena Naughty, yopangidwa ndi Richmal Crompton. Ndani sakanafuna kupanga William Brown?

Ine, ngati ndiyenera kukumana ndi wina, ndimakonda aliyense mwa otchulidwa kuyambira ndili mwana kupita kwa Madame Bovary kapena sindikudziwa, kuposa Holden Caulfield, mwachitsanzo, yemwe ali ndi Wogwira mu rye…Ndimadutsa thanthwe lija. Ziyenera kukhala zamatsenga kwambiri kupanga chinthu chomwe chimalowa m'mutu mwamwana kwambiri. Ndipo tayika kale, chifukwa chiyani mumakumana nawo? Zomwe ndikufuna ndikutha kukhala otchulidwawo pamalipiro.     

• AL: Pali zizolowezi kapena zizolowezi zina zapadera pakulemba kapena kuwerenga?

GA: Ndikulemba kuima mwatheka, chifukwa ndine wamanjenje kwambiri ndipo ndimasuta kwambiri. Ndinawerenganso theka laima, m'makonde ndi zina zotero. Nthawi zina ndimachitira mwano ndikalemba, kapena kuponya chipongwe popanda kanthu. Phunzitsani malingaliro anu, izo.

• AL: Ndi malo omwe mumakonda komanso nthawi yochitira?

GA: Chabwino, pamene ndinali wamng'ono ndimaganiza kuti zinali zabwino kwambiri kulemba usiku, chinthu choipa choledzera. Zinawoneka zokongola, koma simunalembe chinthu choyipa. Zaka zambiri zapitazo ndinasintha ndondomeko. Ndimalemba m'mawa wokha (ngati ndilemba, chifukwa ndimazengereza kwambiri), ndipo ngati n'kotheka kutenga khofi wothira mkaka. Inde, ngati izo, masana ndinawerenga. Kapena osati. 

• AL: Kodi pali mitundu ina yomwe mumakonda?

GA: Ndithu. Sindikudziwa bwino lomwe kuti ndi jenda nkhanu inayake, mwachitsanzo, popeza kuti ngakhale ali ndi mabuku ambiri a mumsewu ndi zinthu zina za kinky ndi zenizeni zonyansa, amakhalanso ndi zongopeka zambiri, chifukwa munthu wamkulu (Nkhanu) amasindikizanso nthano zenizeni za Bilbao m'zaka za m'ma nineties. malingaliro ake, ndipo motero amawona sukuluyo ngati nyumba yachifumu yazaka zapakati pazaka zapakati, kapena kupezeka kwake m’mapaki kutetezera ake ngati kuti anali ku Roma wakale ndipo anali nduna ya Kaisara. Ine gustan mabuku ena a mbiri yakale, bwanji Ine, Claudio, ndi mbali imeneyo.

Ndimakondanso costumbrista gothic fantasy, Shirley Jackson roll. Ndimakondanso, monga tawonera kale ndi Le Carré, the kazitape mtundu, (Ndikupangira Mole). Nkhani yocheperako yankhondo, koma munthu ayenera kuwerenga kamodzi Amaliseche ndi akufa, kuchokera ku Mailer.

Ndinalikonda kwambiri nthawi ina nkhani za achifwamba kapena nyanjaNdipo ndinawerenganso kwambiri. Western (Ndikupangira Oakley Hall ndi McCarthy). Mwachitsanzo, m'buku langa lomaliza, Kumwamba kumene mudatilonjeza, ndinayesera kubweretsa mtundu wa Kumadzulo ku Spain wa zaka makumi asanu ndi atatu, ndipo mu buku lina lapitalo, Leonardo, panali pakati pa kusakhulupirika kwa banja lero nkhani ya pirate. Komabe, ndimakonda kusewera ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana polembanso. Ndi chinthu chomwe timachita kuti tisangalale, ife amene sitipeza ndalama pa seweroli la sopo. 

• AL: Mukuwerenga chiyani tsopano? Ndi kulemba?

AG: zinthu zambiri nthawi imodzi, chifukwa ndimatsegula mabuku ambiri, ndimawerenga mwamisala, mosokoneza, komanso mwachisokonezo. Tsopano ine ndikuwerenga funde lalikulu, ndi Albert Pijuan, Pennsylvania, ndi Juan Aparicio Belmonte, Munabweretsa mphepo ndi inuWolemba Natalia Garcia Freire, zina zonse ndi mpweya, ndi Juan Gómez Bárcena ndi M’chipindamo munali chiphaniphani, ndi Julia Viejo.

Zimamveka kuti ndi zonse zomwe ndikuwerenga, kuphatikiza kutsatsa kwa nkhanu inayake, panopa sindikulemba kalikonse. Ndikukonzekera kuti malingaliro akhazikike, koma ndikusewera ndikubwerera kumadzulo kwamakono, nthawi ino ndikugwira ntchito ndi chithunzi cha Redneck koma ku Castilla y León (iwo alipo), kapena nkhani ya azondi a mileurista, abwenzi, chikondi ndi nsanje yopenga ya wokondedwa. Muyenera kuwona.  

• AL: Mukuganiza kuti malo osindikizira ali bwanji ndipo ndi chiyani chomwe mudaganiza kuti muyesere kufalitsa?

GA: Pa, ukalemba ukufuna kuwerengedwa. Chifukwa chake aliyense amene amalemba amafuna kufalitsa, sizomwe amasankha kapena ayi. Bwerani, mukufuna kufalitsa mosasamala kanthu za momwe malo osindikizira alili. Kuonjezera apo, akuti nthawi zonse zakhala zovuta, koma malo osindikizira sayenera kukhala chinthu cha olemba, ndikuganiza, kapena osapitirira. Kadzidzi kakang'ono kalikonse ku mtengo wake wa azitona. Kuchokera panorama yosindikiza yomwe ofalitsa amadandaula, olemba kulemba. 

• AL: Kodi mphindi yamavuto yomwe tikukumana nayo ikukuvutani kapena mutha kusunga chinthu chabwino chankhani zamtsogolo?

GA: Panthawi yamavuto, zofalitsa zimachitika pang'ono, sichoncho? Kuyambira 2008 kuti takhala tikuyenda kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake, zikuwoneka kuti zovutazo zakhala zikuchitika, bwerani. Nthawi zambiri ndimatero wolembayo ndi umboni pang'ono ku dziko lapansi. Sanabwere kudzakonza, m'malo mwake kuti aziyang'ana ndi kuzifotokoza momwe angathere, kotero pamavuto nthawi zonse pamakhala nyambo yolembera. Koma palinso kutsutsana kwina: chifukwa kulemba, mikangano ndi kusowa nthawi zambiri zimakhala zabwino, koma zikatha ndipo wina akulemba patali, ali kale ndi njira yoyika chakudya patebulo ndikuwotcha pinreles.