Umberto Eco. Chikumbutso cha imfa yake. Mawu Osankhidwa

Umberto Echo anamwalira tsiku longa lero 2016 ku Milan. Anali semiologist ndi pulofesa ku yunivesite ya Bologna komanso m'modzi mwa olemba otchuka kwambiri a ku Italy. Kupambana kwake kwakukulu komanso kosafanana konse kunali Dzina la duwa. Kukumbukira pamenepo kumapita kusankha kwa ziganizo ndi zidutswa Za ntchito yake.

Umberto Echo

Anapeza doctorate yake nzeru kuchokera ku yunivesite ya Turin, ndemanga yake inali ya The Aesthetic Problem in Saint Thomas, ndipo chinali chidwi chake pa lingaliro la Thomas Aquinas ndi chikhalidwe cha m'zaka zapakati chomwe chinawonetseranso mu ntchito yake, kuwonetsera kwathunthu mu Dzina la duwa. M'menemo, kuwonjezera pa zomwe zinkachitika panthawiyo kapena kugwiritsa ntchito Chilatini m'madera ena, zinaphatikizapo zambiri kuposa zosungunulira kukonzanso mbiri ndi police touch zomwe zidamupangitsa kuti apambane padziko lonse lapansi komanso kuti sanabwerezenso.

Zaka zisanu ndi zitatu pambuyo pake adatuluka Pendulum wa Foucault, yomwe inafunanso kuyambitsa ndi mphamvu yomweyo padziko lonse lapansi ndipo inamasuliridwa m'zinenero zingapo. Koma iye analibe mwayi womwewo, ngakhale ndi otsutsa kapena owerenga. Iwo sanakwanitsenso Chilumba cha dzulo, yofalitsidwa kale m'zaka za m'ma 90, kapena mabuku ake otsatirawa.

Iye anapatsidwa mphoto Mphotho ya Prince of Asturias mchaka 2000.

Umberto Eco - Kusankhidwa kwa mawu ndi zidutswa

Chithandizo cha ma semiotic ambiri

• Semiotics kwenikweni ndi mwambo womwe umaphunzira chilichonse chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kunama. Ngati pali chinachake chimene sichingagwiritsidwe ntchito kunama, m'malo mwake sichingagwiritsidwe ntchito kunena zoona: sichikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito "kunena" kalikonse.

Zojambulajambula ndi kukongola mu aesthetics akale

• Poyang'anizana ndi kukongola kosatha, chitsimikizo chokha chiri mu kukongola kwamkati, komwe sikufa.

Chilumba cha dzulo

• Koma cholinga cha nkhani ndi kuphunzitsa ndi kusangalatsa, ndipo zimene imatiphunzitsa ndi mmene tingadziwire misampha ya dzikoli.

Pendulum wa Foucault

• Pali mitundu inayi ya anthu m’dzikoli: zipolopolo, zitsiru, amisala, ndi amisala. Akretin sayankhula nkomwe; amapunthwa ndi kupunthwa. Anthu opusa amafunidwa kwambiri makamaka pamaphwando. Amachititsa manyazi aliyense, koma amapereka zinthu zokambilana. Opusa samanena kuti amphaka amawuwa, koma amakamba za amphaka pamene wina aliyense akukamba za agalu. Amakhumudwitsa malamulo onse okambitsirana, ndipo akalakwiradi, amakhala opambana. Zitsiru sizimalakwitsa zinthu. Zifukwa zanu zochitira izo ndi zolakwika. Monga munthu amene amanena kuti popeza agalu onse ndi ziweto ndipo agalu onse amawuwa ndi amphaka ndi ziweto, koteronso amphaka amawuwa.
• Mfundo iliyonse imakhala yofunika ikalumikizidwa ndi ina.
• Ndikhulupirira kuti uchimo wonse, chikondi, ulemerero ndi uwu: mukatsika zomata zomangika, mukuthawa ku likulu la Gestapo, ndipo iye akukumbatirani, kuyimitsidwa pamenepo, ndikunong'oneza kwa inu kuti wakhala akulota za inu. Zina zonse ndi kugonana, kugwirizana, kupitiriza kwa mitundu yonyansa.

Dzina la duwa

• Mwina ntchito ya munthu amene amakonda amuna ndiyo kuwachititsa kuseka chowonadi, kuseketsa chowonadi, chifukwa chowonadi chokha ndicho kuphunzira kudzimasula tokha ku chilakolako chamisala cha chowonadi.
• Chikondi chimakhala ndi zotsatira zosiyanasiyana; choyamba chimafewetsa mzimu, kenako chimadwalitsa… malawi amoto.
• Mabukuwa sanapangidwe kuti tikhulupirire zomwe akunena, koma kuti tizisanthula. Tikatenga buku, tisamadzifunse zimene limanena, koma tanthauzo lake.
• Palibe chomwe chimakhazikika ndikumanga mtima kuposa chikondi. Pachifukwa ichi, pamene ilibe zida zodzilamulira, moyo umamira, chifukwa cha chikondi, m'mabwinja akuya kwambiri.
• Mdierekezi si kalonga wa zinthu, mdierekezi ndi kudzikuza kwa mzimu, chikhulupiriro chopanda kumwetulira, chowonadi sichinakhudzidwe ndi chikaiko.
• Pali chinthu chimodzi chokha chimene chimasangalatsa nyama kuposa zosangalatsa, ndicho ululu. Pansi pa mazunzo muli ngati muli pansi pa ulamuliro wa zitsamba zomwe zimatulutsa masomphenya.

badolino

• Kodi moyo ndi chiyani ngati si mthunzi wa maloto osakhalitsa?
• Chenjerani, sindikukupemphani kuti muchitire umboni zomwe mumaziona ngati zabodza, zomwe ndi tchimo, koma kuchitira umboni zabodza zomwe mumakhulupirira.
• Palibe chabwino kuposa kuyerekeza maiko ena kuti aiwale momwe dziko lomwe tikukhalamolirilirilirira zowawa.
• Mphatso ndi luso lolankhula bwino zomwe munthu sakutsimikiza kuti ndi zoona, ndipo olemba ndakatulo ali ndi udindo wopanga mabodza okongola.