Javier Torras de Ugarte. Kufunsana ndi wolemba The Purple Lady

Javier Torres de Ugarte Amachokera ku Madrid ndipo akulemba kuchokera zopeka za sayansi ngakhale buku la mbiri yakale. Womaliza adalemba ndi dona wofiirira. En ichi kuyankhulana Amatiuza za iye komanso nkhani zina zingapo. Zikomo kwambiri kukoma mtima kwanu ndi nthawi yobwera kwa ine.

Javier Torras de Ugarte - Mafunso

• NEWS LITERATURE: Buku lanu laposachedwa limatchedwa dona wofiirira. Mukutiuza chiyani za izi ndipo lingalirolo lidachokera kuti?
  

JAVIER TORRAS DE UGARTE: dona wofiirira ndi buku lopangidwa ngati sewero lalikulu, tsoka lachi Greek (pun yolingaliridwa) momwe palibe kusowa kwa zochitika, zoweta ndi zinsinsi. Kutali kukhala buku lofotokoza za mbiri yakale Irene wa ku AthensNdikuganiza kuti zimakopa kwambiri malingaliro kuposa kudziwa. Inde, wowerenga adzapeza zochitika ndi zolakwika za Irene wamng'ono popeza wasankhidwa kuti akwatire Leo IV the Khazarmpaka anaganiziridwa mfumu ya Roma, koma m'njira bukuli likufotokoza zinthu zina zambiri monga kusungulumwa kwa mphamvu, poizoni yomwe imapanga kwa iwo omwe amawafuna komanso momwe mkazi anatha kutsutsa miyambo kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana: ndale, chipembedzo, kuyankhulana, diplomatic. . dona wofiirira imafotokoza nkhani ya mkazi isanakwane nthawi yake, komanso mtengo wolipirira mphamvu.

Ndinakumana ndi Irene m’masiku anga a ku yunivesite, pamene chaka ndi chaka ndinaphunzira phunziro la Art of the High Middle Ages. Izo zinali chabe affaire, koma patapita zaka tinakumana pa Intaneti, monga maanja lero, ndi kuphwanya anali mmodzi wa anthu amene amathera usiku wonse maso ndi kudzaza makonde ndi duwa pamakhala. Zinathandiza, ngati Celestina yamakono, ndi Dr Judith Herrin ndi buku lake losangalatsa akazi ovala zofiirira. Ndinali kufunafuna a khalidwe lodziwika bwino kwa anthu onse omwe angandilole kuti ndifotokoze nkhani yodzaza ndi chilakolako, malingaliro, zochita ndi ulendo, kuwonjezera pa kutha kusonyeza mbiriyo, zaka mazana ambiri pambuyo pake, sizinasinthe monga momwe ambiri amakhulupirira. Irene wa ku Athensdona wanga wofiirira anali khalidwe limenelo.

• AL: Kodi mukukumbukira zomwe mwawerenga koyamba? Ndipo nkhani yoyamba yomwe mudalemba?

JTU: Ndakhala ndikuzindikira kuti ndine wowerenga mochedwa, sindinakopeke ndi kuwerenga kokakamiza kusukulu kapena Steam Boat, chifukwa chake pafupifupi njira yanga yoyamba yaulere komanso yodzifunira yowerenga mabuku inali ndi zachikale. Ndinali ndi zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri ndipo m'kalasi la World Literature timawerenga Homer, Petrarch, Bocaccio, Becquer, Poe… Osati bwanji kugwa m'chikondi ndi mabuku? Komabe, buku loyamba limene ndimakumbukira kuti ndinalitenga ndi manja anga popanda aliyense kundiona ndi kulikonda monga zosangalatsa zoletsedwa linali. Gome la Flanders, ndi Arturo Pérez-Wopulumutsa. Nthawi zonse ndinkaona kuti zonse zinayamba ndi bukuli.

La nkhani yoyamba zomwe ndinalemba zinali ndi dzina losadziwika Hope syndrome, wo- nkhani mwina mbiri yakale ndi gawo limodzi nyenyezi za kukhala ndi chiyembekezo poyang’anizana ndi tsoka ndi kufunika kwa chiyembekezo monga mphamvu yoyendetsera moyo. Ndinatero, chitsiru chotambasula kuchokera kumadzulo kwa unamwali.

• AL: Wolemba mutu? Mutha kusankha zingapo kuposa nthawi zonse. 

JTU: Ndili ndi ambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri, kotero apostille ku funso si ngakhale utoto. Zikomo kwambiri! 

Goethe ndi Werther wake Adawonetsa nthawi m'moyo wanga komanso momwe ndimamvera komanso kuwona dziko lapansi. Mwamwayi, sindinakonde mathero ndipo sindinayesedwe, koma china chirichonse, chirichonse mumasamba ake, chinakhala Baibulo langa laumwini. Ndinalinso ndi gawo shakespearian zomwe, mwamwayi zamasewera, sizinachotse mzimu wa wosewera womwe tonse timanyamula mkati mwanga. Posachedwapa, mosakayika, Tolkien ndi Lovecraft akhala alangizi anga mwa zina, ngakhale sanadziwe. Carlos Ruiz Zafon, amene ndawapezanso masiku ano, anandiphunzitsa matsenga amphamvu a mawu ndi mabuku. Pomaliza, Jose Carlos Somoza, amene ndimatchula nthawi zonse komanso amene ndimamupangira mabuku ake ambiri. Koma pali olemba ena ambiri amakono: Ziphuphu, King, Anthu okalamba, Connolly, Reverte...

• AL: Ndi khalidwe liti m'buku lomwe mungakonde kukumana nalo ndikupanga? 

JTU: Pali anthu ambiri omwe ndimasilira m'njira zosiyanasiyana, onse openga, bwanji osanena. Monga ndanenera mu funso lapitalo, masiku ano ndikuwerenganso Mthunzi wa mphepo, kotero ndimatha kunena kuti ndikadakonda "kupanga" Fermin Romero de Torres, wakuba wachiwiri wodabwitsa uja wokhala ndi mawu osavuta komanso chiganizo chokha. Iye ndi khalidwe lodabwitsa. Komabe, iye ndi khalidwe la bukulo, ngakhale nyenyezi zikanakhala zogwirizana ndipo adalenga khalidwe limenelo, sakanatha kudziwa m'mabuku anga.

• AL: Pali zizolowezi kapena zizolowezi zina zapadera pakulemba kapena kuwerenga? 

JTU: Kulemba, chete ndi bata. Foni yazimitsidwa, kapena yopanda phokoso komanso chinsalu choyang'ana patebulo. Nthaŵi zonse ndakhala wochedwa kulunjika, ndipo kuwuluka kwa ntchentche kungandisokoneze mpaka kufika popeŵa kotheratu, chotero ndimadzikakamiza kupeza nthaŵi yoyenera yolembera.

Ndilibe misala pakuwerengaNdimawerenga kunyumba, pabedi, pa zoyendera za anthu onse ... Ndimakonda kuwerenga pafupi ndi dziwe kapena pamphepete mwa nyanja m'chilimwe, maola akuuluka, ndimachoka kudziko lapansi. Ndinawerenga pamapepala, digito, audiobook… Chilichonse.

• AL: Ndi malo omwe mumakonda komanso nthawi yochitira? 

JTU: Uwu! Ndinayesa kuyankha kale. Werengani pagombe ndizodabwitsa. Poyamba, makamaka ine, amene amasankha kwambiri, dzuwa, mchenga, kukuwa kwa ana, kutentha koopsa, ndege yolengeza disco imandivutitsa ... malo. Pamapeto pake tatsala ndi mafunde a nyanja, nkhani yomwe ndikuwerenga ndi ine. Zili choncho zosatheka.

• AL: Kodi pali mitundu ina yomwe mumakonda?

JTU: Leo mitundu yambiri: mbiri, yonthunthumilitsa, zamakono, zopeka za sayansi, zongopeka…Simunganyansidwe ndi zolembedwa, ziribe kanthu momwe mungavalire. Ndiponso Ndalemba mitundu yambiri. Mabuku omwe ndimawakonda kwambiri ndi omwe alibe mtundu wodziwika, koma amalola kuti atengedwe ndi wina ndi mnzake; Mitundu ndi mtundu wamagulu monga ena onse, choncho, ndi opanda ungwiro.

• Mukuwerenga chiyani tsopano? Ndi kulemba?

JTU: Ndangodutsa kumene adam sanderson, zomaliza zomwe ndawerenga zakhala elandris y Mpweya wa milungu. 

Nthawi zina, ndikalemba, ndimawerenganso mabuku omwe ndimakonda kwambiri, ndipo ndili nawo pakali pano, ndi Mthunzi wa mphepo.

Panopa ndikulemba buku lina la mbiri yakale lonena za munthu wochititsa chidwi komanso wosadziwika bwino, zimene zimandithandiza kudziŵa mmene Ufumu wa Roma unakhalila wacikristu poyamba ndipo pambuyo pake unalekana. Zonsezi ndi zowawa zambiri, magazi ambiri komanso zinsinsi zambiri. Idzakhala nkhani ya mathero: kutha kwa Ufumu, kwa milungu, zakale, za dziko lachikale ... Ndi anthu ambiri.

• AL: Mukuganiza kuti malo osindikizira ali bwanji ndipo ndi chiyani chomwe mudaganiza kuti muyesere kufalitsa?

JTU: Ndikuona kuti sindine woyenera kusanthula zonse za mkonzi. Ndikuwona zinthu, monga wina aliyense, koma zomwe ndimakonda ndikulemba. Ndikuganiza kuti, monga pafupifupi magawo onse, dziko losindikiza likudzifotokozera lokha poyang'anizana ndi zovuta zamakono, kuyang'ana ndi kukayikira kwina pa mawonekedwe atsopano a digito, audiobook, mabuku oyankhulana ... Komanso ndi chidwi chachikulu. Njira zatsopano zimatsegulidwa tsiku lililonse, mazenera atsopano. Pamapeto pake, buku lidzapitirizabe kukhala bukhu, koma likhoza kusintha momwe timawonongera (chifukwa kuwerenga, zomwe zimanenedwa kuti ziwerengedwe, zikhoza kuchitika mwa njira imodzi).

Zokhudza mabuku omwe amafalitsidwa pakali pano, Ine sindine wowerenga nkhani, choncho zimandivuta kutsatira mafashoni. Ndimawerenga mabuku omwe olemba omwe ndimawakonda akutulutsa, koma sindikudziwa zaposachedwa zomwe zikunyamulidwa kapena zomwe sizikunyamulidwa. 

Ndakhala ndikudabwa nthawi zambiri chifukwa positi, chifukwa chiyani chosowacho chimapangidwa pambuyo polemba. Ndikuganiza kuti pali mayankho ambiri, onse mwa ena ndi oona komanso ena zabodza. Kodi olemba amafunikira chidwi cha owerenga? Ndi za ego? Za ndalama? Zachabechabe? Pakufunika? Kuchuluka kwa malonda polemba mabuku amatikankhira ku ntchito: timalemba kuti anthu atiwerenge. M'malo mwake, mzimu wachikondi womwe umapezeka muzopanga zilizonse umalowerera munjira yonseyo ndikulankhula kwa ife za zosowa zapadziko lonse lapansi, zogwirizana kwambiri ndi kutengeka mtima. Chifukwa chiyani? Art, mwamtundu uliwonse, ndiwowonetsa. Zomwe sizikuwoneka kulibe.

• AL: Kodi mphindi yamavuto yomwe tikukumana nayo ikukuvutani kapena mutha kusunga chinthu chabwino chankhani zamtsogolo?

JTU: Nthawi zamavuto, mwamwayi kapena mwatsoka, zimakhala nthawi zonse zabwino kwa dziko la zaluso. Zili ngati kuti munthu anaonetsa luso lake poyang’anizana ndi kuvutika kapena kuona kuvutika. Inemwini, muzolemba zanga zaposachedwa ndikuyang'ana kwambiri zakale, koma sinditaya masomphenya anga a dziko lapansi, monga wolemba wazaka za zana la XNUMXst. Zambiri mwazinthu zomwe zimachitika zolakwika zolemba zakale zikugwirizana ndi zomwe tili nazo, mavuto athu osatha ndi odekha.

Ndikamalemba zopeka za sayansi Zomwezo zimachitika kwa ine, koma mozondoka. Ndimayesetsa kufotokoza zomwe ndikuwona pozungulira ine ndi zomwe zotsatira zake akhoza kukhala mu a tsogolo. Ndimayesetsa kuti ndisataye momwe ndimalembera komanso nthawi yomwe ndimalemba, koma ndimakonda kuwoloka zopinga za nthawi ndi malo ndikudzilowetsa mu nthawi zina, zakale komanso zomwe zikubwera.  Koma bata ndi kutukuka pang'ono sizingatipweteke ...