Mawu a Camilo José Celá
Camilo José Cela ndi m'modzi mwa olemba aku Spain okongoletsedwa kwambiri azaka za m'ma XNUMX komanso wodziwika bwino m'mabuku a pambuyo pa nkhondo. Wopambana Mphotho ya Nobel ya Literature, A Coruña wodziwika bwino adalandira masiyanidwe otere chifukwa cha zolemba zake zambiri zomwe zidawoneka bwino. Pakati pawo, Banja la Pascal Duarte (1942) akuyimira mutu wosathawika chifukwa cha kupitilira kwake.
Bukuli limatengedwa kuti ndiloyamba mwa "tremendismo", kalembedwe kamene kamadziwika ndi kufotokoza zithunzi zonyansa kwambiri. kudzera m'mawu ankhanza komanso popanda zifukwa zomveka. Makamaka, nkhani yachiwawa ya Pascal Duarte imachitika ndi wamba waku Extremadura yemwe amapalamula milandu ingapo ndipo ayenera kukaonekera kukhothi.
Chidule cha Banja la Pascal Duarte
Njira yoyamba
Pascal - Wofotokozera munthu woyamba- akuyamba mawonekedwe ake podziwonetsa ngati mlimi wazaka 55, mbadwa ya Torremejía, mudzi wapafupi ndi Badajoz. Mwapang'onopang'ono, amafotokoza za mudzi wakwawo komanso momwe abambo ake, ozembetsa, ankamumenya iye ndi amayi ake. Momwemonso, amayi ake adachita zachiwawa pamene adamwa, choncho wojambulayo adakonda kuchoka.
M’mitu yotsatirayi, wokamba nkhaniyo akufotokoza za anthu ena. Choyamba, amalankhula za Rosario, wachichepere yemwe anali chidakwa amene anathaŵa kwawo kupita ku tauni ya Almendralejo. Kumeneko, adakhala mnzake wa wowombera ng'ombe wokongola wotchedwa "El Estrao", yemwe Duarte adakangana naye pa mtsikanayo. Kenaka, akusimba zochitika zosiyanasiyana zamakono (ndi zosokoneza) za moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku kumidzi imeneyo.
Pakati pa mafunso ndi kukumbukira
Wofotokozerayo amakhala masabata awiri osalemba chifukwa cha nthawi odzipereka ku mafunso omwe muyenera kuyankha pamaso pa otsutsa. M'mbuyomu, anali atanena kale zamatsenga omwe adapempha kuti akhalebe ndi mkazi wake wam'tsogolo, Lola. Panthawiyo, amalingalira momwe tsiku lake lidzakhalire mu khola kapena ngalande momwe nthawi zambiri ankapha nsomba, m'malo mwa ndende yomwe ali.
Panthawiyi, Pascal akudziwa kuti alibe nthawi yochuluka. Pachifukwa ichi, amakumbukira ndi chikhumbo cha chibwenzi chake ndi Lola, kuphatikizapo mimba yake yotsatira yomwe inathetsa ukwati wake. Kenako, akufotokoza za kulowa ndi kutuluka kwaukwati wake ndi tchuthi chotsatira ku Mérida.. Pa nthawiyi anakumana ndi mavuto chifukwa mahatchi amene ankakwera anagunda gogo wina.
Atabwerera ku Torremejía, Pascal anakhalabe akumwa ndi anzake m’nyumba yodyeramo alendo pamene ankatumiza Lola kwawo. mu tavern, Duarte akuimbidwa mlandu wakuba ndi mnzake, chifukwa chake, protagonist adabaya wonenezayo katatu. asananyamuke ndi anzake kupita kunyumba kwake. Atafika kunyumba, Mayi Engracia anamulandira ndi uthenga wa kuchotsa mimba kwa mkazi wake.
ziwawa zikupitilira
Duarte adakhala nyengo zingapo ali pachisoni chenicheni komanso chosatonthozeka. Kuti zinthu ziipireipire, mayi ake ndi mkazi wake ankangokhalira kudandaula. Pakali pano, Pascal anasiya kulemba kwa mwezi umodzi pamene akulowa mu dziko losinkhasinkha kuchokera mu selo yake. Pamapeto pake, aganiza zokatenganso mpukutuwo ataulula.
Mizere yake yatsopano imakumbukira pamene adakwera sitima kupita ku Madrid, komwe adagwira ntchito masiku khumi ndi asanu. Pambuyo pake, anapita ku La Coruña ndi cholinga chokwera sitima yopita ku America. Komabe, sanathe kukwera chifukwa analibe ndalama zokwanira ndipo anasankha kubwerera kwawo.
Mapeto odabwitsa
Atafika kunyumba, mkazi wake amamuuza kuti ali ndi pakati pa mwamuna wina.. Pascal, atakwiya, akuumirira kuti avomereze dzina la wachigololoyo. Pomaliza, amatchula "zotambasula" masekondi asanagwere m'manja mwa Duarte. Momwemo, protagonist imayamba kuthamangitsa nthawi yayitali wa womenyana ndi ng'ombe mpaka adzaipeza namupha iye.
Chifukwa cha kupha Pascal anakhala m’ndende zaka zitatu (Zowonadi, adaweruzidwa kukhala makumi awiri ndi zisanu ndi zitatu). Pamene akuchoka, Rosario akumuuza kuti Esperanza -Msuweni wake- iye ali mu chikondi cha iye.
Iye ndi mtsikanayo anakhala zibwenzi n’kukwatirana, koma amayi a Duarte akupitirizabe kupanga kukhalapo kwake kocheperako. Panthawiyi, protagonist amvetsetsa kuti ayenera kupha amayi ake kuti azikhala mwamtendere.
Wambiri ya wolemba, Camilo José Cela
Pa May 11, 1916 iye anabadwa Camilo Jose Cela ndi Trulock, mu parishi ya Iria Flavia, nthawi ya Padrón, La Coruña, Spain. Iye anali woyamba mwa ana awiri a ukwati pakati pa Camilo Crisanto Cela ndi Fernández, ndi Camila Emanuela Trulock. ndi Bertorini (amayi ake anali ndi makolo a British ndi Italy).
wachinyamata woukira boma
Mu 1925, banja la Cela Trulock linasamukira ku Madrid. Ku likulu, Camilo wamng'ono adalembetsa kusukulu ya Escolapios ndipo adawonetsa kuti anali wophunzira wakhama. Komanso anachita zazikulu zakusalanga; Choyamba, anathamangitsidwa chifukwa choponya kampasi kwa mphunzitsi. Patapita zaka zingapo, analinganiza sitalaka pasukulu ya Chamberí Marist ndipo anachotsedwanso.
Ndi chifuwa chachikulu chokha chomwe chinayambitsa kupanduka kwa wolemba mtsogolo. Mu 1931 adagonekedwa m'chipatala cha Guadarrama kuti achire matenda ake. Anapezerapo mwayi pa nthawi yobisikayi kuti awerenge mwakhama ndi kulemba (zolemba zina zimawonekera mpumulo pavilion (1944). Mu 1934, adakwanitsa mayeso a sekondale ku San Isidro Institute chifukwa chothandizidwa ndi aphunzitsi apadera.
Zolemba zoyamba komanso kutenga nawo mbali mu Nkhondo Yachikhalidwe
Camilo Jose Cela
Cela anaphunzira zachipatala pakati pa 1934 ndi 1936; inunso, Iye anali womvetsera m’makalasi a mabuku a wolemba ndakatulo Pedro Salinas. Pa nthawiyo, wolemba wamng'onoyo anatulutsa zidutswa zambiri zandakatulo. Zambiri mwa zolembedwazo zinali mbali ya Kupondaponda nyali yokayikitsa ya tsiku (1945). Pamene Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni inayamba (July 1936 - April 1939), Camilo anali likulu.
A Coruñés, a zikhulupiriro zolimba zosunga mwambo, anasamukira ku mbali ya zigawenga, kulembetsa, kupita kunkhondo ndipo anavulazidwa ku Logroño. Zaka zitatu pambuyo pa kutha kwa mkangano wa nkhondo, kusindikizidwa kwa Banja la Pascal Duarte y Linakhala buku lochititsa mantha kwambiri panthawi yake.
Maukwati ndi udindo wandale
Cela anakwatiwa pakati pa 1944 ndi 1990 ndi María Rosario Conde Picavea; naye anali ndi mwana wake wamwamuna yekhayo, Camilo José (1946). Kenako, mu 1991, anakwatira Marina Castaño López; banjali linakhalabe pamodzi mpaka imfa ya wolembayo pa January 17, 2002. Panthawiyi, Cela anakhalabe pafupi ndi ulamuliro wa Franco ndipo anakhazikika ku Palma de Mallorca kuyambira m'ma 1950.
Mu kulundapo, aishile ku kutandalila amabuteko yambi—ku ca kumwenako, pamo nga ya Marcos Pérez Jiménez mu Venezuela—na kutangilila Spain-Israel Friendship Society (1970). Kuonjezera apo, anali woyambitsa nawo wa Editorial Alfaguara (1964), adakhala membala wa Royal Academy ndipo adalandira ulemu wambiri. Mwa iwo:
- Mphoto Yadziko Lonse ya Nkhani (1984);
- Mphotho ya Sant Jordi ya Letters (1986);
- Mphotho ya Prince of Asturias ya Letters (1987);
- Mphoto ya Nobel mu Literature (1989);
- Mphotho ya Mariano de Cavia ya Utolankhani (1992);
- Planet Award (1994);
- Mphotho ya Cervantes (1995).
Mabuku abwino kwambiri a Camilo José Cela
Zonsezi, Cela adasindikiza mabuku 14, nkhani zazifupi ndi mabuku 40, mabuku oyendayenda 13, zolemba ndakatulo 10 ndi zolemba zosiyanasiyana zopitilira 40. pakati pa zolemba, zolemba, masewero, ma memoirs, zolemba zamakanema ndi ma lexicographies. Mwa iwo, Mng'oma (1951) amatengedwa ngati katswiri wake. Zomwe zatchulidwa pansipa ndi zina zofunika kwambiri pantchito yayikulu ya wolemba waku Spain:
- ulendo wopita ku alcarria (1948), buku la maulendo;
- Cadwell amalankhula ndi mwana wake (1953), buku la epistolary;
- catira (1955), buku;
- Windmill (1956), nkhani yaifupi;
- Zokumbukira, zomvetsetsa ndi zofuna (1993), nkhani ya autobiographical.
Khalani oyamba kuyankha