Ana Lena Rivera. Mafunso ndi wolemba Zomwe akufa amakhala chete

Ana Lena Rivera adayamba kuchita bwino kwambiri kuyambira pomwe adapambana Mphoto ya Torrente Ballester 2017 ndi bukuli Zomwe akufa amakhala chete. Tsopano pitani ku maelstrom wamba azinthu izi ndikukhazikitsa kwanu ndi kuwonetsa. Mu AL ttili ndi mwayi kukhala naye ngati mkonzi. Mwakhala okoma mtima kwambiri kutipatsa kuyankhulana kwakukulu uku komwe amatiuza pang'ono za buku lake, zamphamvu zake, kapangidwe kake, malingaliro ake ndi ntchito zake zotsatira. Kotero Zikomo kwambiri chifukwa cha nthawi yanu ndipo ndikukufunirani zabwino zonse..

Ana Lena Rivera

Wobadwira Oviedo Mu 1972, adaphunzira Law and Business Administration ku ICADE, ku Madrid. Pambuyo pazaka makumi awiri ngati manejala kumayiko ambiri, adasintha bizinesi ndikulemba, chidwi chake chachikulu, chofanana ndi kubadwa kwa mwana wawo wamwamuna, Alejandro. Pambuyo pake nayenso anabadwa Chisomo Woyera SebastianLa kutsogolera wofufuza zamndandanda wake wazovuta zomwe zidayamba ndi buku loyamba ili.

Mafunso

1. Pambanani Mphotho ya Torrente Ballester ndi Zomwe akufa amakhala chete Wakhala kulowa kwanu kopambana mudziko lofalitsa. Zinali bwanji kulowa nawo mpikisano?

Chowonadi? Chifukwa chakusadziwa. Zomwe akufa amakhala chete Ndi buku langa loyamba, choncho nditatsiriza kulemba, sindinadziwe choti ndichite. Sindinadziwe aliyense m'gululi, choncho ndinasanthula pa intaneti, ndalemba mndandanda wa omwe amafalitsa zolemba pamanja ndikuganiza zotumiza buku langa ndi cholinga chofuna kuti amve maganizo awo. Miyezi iwiri kapena itatu idadutsa ndipo sindinayankhidwe, chifukwa chake ndidayamba kupita nawo kumipikisano. Ochepa, chifukwa ambiri simungathe kudikira chigamulo china, kotero miyezi ingapo idadutsanso ndipo sindinayankhidwe. Ngakhale kuvomereza.

Mwadzidzidzi, wopanda cholengeza, zinthu zidayamba kuchitika: Ndinali womaliza kumaliza kulandira Mphotho ya Fernando Lara ndipo izi zimawoneka zosatheka kwa ine. Zinali zofulumira, koma kenako miyezi ingapo idadutsanso ndipo palibe chomwe chidachitika. Pamene ndinali kufunafuna njira yatsopano, ndipowoweruza wa Torrente Ballester Prize adasankha kuuza dziko lapansi: "Hei, werengani izi, ndibwino!", ndipo ndimaganiza kuti ndafika pamwamba pamaloto anga. Koma sizinali choncho.

Mphoto ya Torrente Ballester ndi yovomerezeka ndipo imakhala ndi mphotho ya ndalama, koma ndi mphotho yodziyimira pawokha, Palibe wofalitsa kumbuyo kwake, kotero kupambana sikukutsimikizira kuti wofalitsa adzakusindikizani. Ndipo panafika chimake: tsiku lomwelo adayamba kunditcha olemba nkhani iwo anali atawerenga zolembedwazo. Nthawi yomaliza yowerengera ndi chaka chimodzi kapena kupitilira apo chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ntchito zomwe amalandira. Sindinadziwe izi! Mwa omwe adandiimbira panali wofalitsa wanga, Maeva, pomwe zinali zisanadziwike kuti Torrent Ballester yapambana. Ndidawatumizira zolembedwazo miyezi ingapo yapitayo ndipo amandiyimbira foni kundiuza kuti akufuna kundisindikiza!

Ngati tsiku lomwe ndimaganiza zopanga zolembedwazo ndikuyesa kuzitumiza kumipikisano ndi ofalitsa ena, andiuza zomwe zichitike komanso komwe ndikakhale lero, sindikanakhulupirira. Chodziwikiratu ndikuti, m'gawo lino, simungathe kufulumira. Zinthu zimachitika pang'onopang'ono komanso kutengera kukakamira kwambiri.

2. Kodi lingaliro lolembera kuti Zomwe akufa amakhala chete?

Zomwe akufa amakhala chete Zimachokera ku nkhani zomwe ndidamva ndili mwana, pa milomo ya makolo anga ndi okalamba ena ndipo izi zidandikhudza nthawi imeneyo. Ndikulingalira ngati pafupifupi ana onse, chomwe chimandiwopsyeza kwambiri ndikutaya makolo anga, kuti china chake chingawachitikire, kusochera, kugwidwa ndi bogeyman ... ndinali wokonda izi.

Nditamva akulu akunena nkhani za abambo omwe nthawi yankhondo Anali atatumiza ana awo aang'ono ku Russia kapena ku England kuti akakhale ndi moyo wabwino kuposa momwe angawaperekere ku Spain, ngakhale kudziwa kuti sadzawaonanso, ndinachita mantha. Kapenanso pamene ndidamva masisitere ndi ansembe ochokera kusukulu kwathu akunena kuti adalandiridwa ku nyumba ya masisitere kapena ku seminare ali ndi zaka 9 kapena 10 chifukwa anali achichepere pa abale ambiri, achichepere kwambiri kuti agwire ntchito ndipo makolo awo analibe zokwanira kudyetsa iwo.

Nditakula ndidamvetsetsa kuti zisankho za anthu amatha kungoyamikiridwa ndikumvetsetsa podziwa momwe amamwe. Ndipo zidalimbikitsa bukuli.

En Zomwe akufa amakhala chete iwo akuphatikizana nkhani ziwiri: zosonkhanitsira, zachinyengo, za penshoni yayikulu yamphamvu yayikulu ya gulu lankhondo la Francoist kuti, akadakhala wamoyo, akanakhala wazaka 112, akadasinthira posachedwa kubanki ya intaneti ndipo sakadachiritsidwa ndi dokotala wazachipatala kwazaka zopitilira makumi atatu. Pamene wofufuza wamkulu, Gracia San Sebastián, ayamba kufufuza nkhaniyi, pali zosayembekezereka: Mnzake wa amayi ake, mphunzitsi wopuma pantchito, wodziwika m'derali kuti La Impugnada, amadzipha podumpha pazenera la patio, ndikulemba pamanja siketi yake yolunjika kwa wapakhomo wa nyumbayo.

Ndi buku lachinyengo, lokhala ndi chiwembu chovuta kwambiri, komanso zoseketsa, koma monga momwe ziliri m'buku lililonse lachiwonetsero pali chithunzi pakati pa chiwembucho. Yatsani Zomwe akufa amakhala chete kumbuyo ndiko kusinthika kwa gulu laku Spain kuyambira nthawi yankhondo mpaka pano, a m'badwo uwo omwe adabadwa mu 40s, ndikusowa, pakati paulamuliro wankhanza, wopanda ufulu kapena chidziwitso ndipo omwe lero amalankhula ndi zidzukulu zawo pa Skype, owonera mndandanda pa Netflix ndikulembetsa maphunziro apakompyuta a iwo opitilira 65.

Zomwe zimafufuzidwa mu bukuli ndi zotsatira zake zisankho zomwe zidatengedwa zaka 50 zapitazo ndipo kudzafunika kumvetsetsa momwe zinthu zilili pakadali pano kuti tiulule zomwe zikuchitika pakadali pano.

3. Kodi protagonist wanu ndi ndani, Gracia San Sebastián, nanga bwanji inu mwa iye?

HPosachedwa ndidamva Rosa Montero akunena kuti olemba amalemba kuti athane ndi mantha athu, zokhumba zathu, kuti tidzifotokozere tokha nkhani za otchulidwa omwe akukumana ndi mantha athu, kuti tithe kufooka ndikuzichotsa tokha. Sindikudziwa ngati zomwezi zichitike kwa olemba onse, koma kwa ine, ndikudzizindikiritsa ndekha.

Grace ndiye ngwazi yanga, akukumana ndi mantha anga akulu. Iye ndi mwamuna wake akuyesetsa kuthana ndi vuto ladzidzidzi, imfa ya mwana wawo wamwamuna wazaka zitatu pangozi yapabanja.

Grace ali ndi umunthu wake womwe umakula ndimanenedwe, zimadzisintha zokha popanda ine, ziribe kanthu momwe wolembayo aliri, kuwongolera njira yake yokhwima. Ali ndi zokumana nazo zosiyana ndi zanga, zomwe zikusintha mawonekedwe ake.

Zachidziwikire, sindinathe kukana kuyiyika ndi zina zomwe ndimakonda komanso zosangalatsa: mwachitsanzo, palibe aliyense wa ife amene adawonera nkhaniyo kwanthawi yayitali kapena kuwerenga nkhaniyo. Komanso pawiri timakonda chakudya chabwino ndi vinyo wofiira.

4. Ndipo ndi chiwonongeko chamakono cha otetezera azimayi abwino, Gracia San Sebastián angawonekere kwambiri?

Chomwe chapadera pa Grace ndichakuti ndi munthu wamba. Ndiwanzeru komanso wankhondo, wankhondo, monga akazi ena ambiri. Iye ndi wachilendo, monga protagonist wa zododometsa zingapo, kuti siofufuza wamba, koma ndi katswiri wachinyengo chachuma.

Grace wakhala m'mutu mwanga kuyambira ndili mwana osadziwa. Ndili mwana ndimakonda kuwerenga ndipo nthawi yomweyo ndinayamba kukopeka ndi zonena zabodza, ndinachoka ku Mortadelos kupita Agatha Christie ndipo kuchokera pamenepo kupita ku zomwe zinali panthawiyo: kuchokera Sherlock Holmes kupita ku Pepe Carvalho, kudzera pa Phillip Marlowe, Perry Mason. Ndinali kuyembekezeranso chaputala chilichonse cha mndandandawu Mike nyundo pa wailesi yakanema.

Pomwepo ndidazindikira zinthu ziwiri: kuti otchulidwa m'mabuku omwe ndimakonda anali amuna, komanso onse anali ndi chinthu china chofanana: anali okhumudwa ndi moyo, opanda maubale kapena zibwenzi zapabanja, omwe amamwa kachasu nthawi ya XNUMX koloko m'mawa ndikugona muofesi chifukwa palibe amene amawadikirira kunyumba. Kenako ofufuza achikazi adayamba kutuluka, koma adatsata zomwe amuna awo adatsogola: zazikulu Petra Delicate lolembedwa ndi Alicia Jimenez - Barlett kapena Kinsey milhone ndi Sue Grafton.

Kumeneko, mosazindikira, ndinaganiza kuti tsiku lina ndidzalemba za wofufuza kuti anali mkazi komanso kuti anali ndi ubale wapamtima komanso wapabanja. Ngakhale oyang'anira apolisi yomwe imatsagana ndi Gracia San Sebastián m'malo awo, Rafa Miralles, ndi munthu wabwinobwino: Ndiwanzeru kwambiri kupolisi, koma wokwatiwa mosangalala, bambo wa atsikana awiri, amene amakonda kuphika, yemwe ali ndi abwenzi abwino komanso galu yemwe amasewera.

5. Ndi olemba ati omwe mumawakonda? Kodi pali wina aliyense makamaka amene wakukhudzani mu bukuli? Kapena mwina kuwerenga kwapadera?

Ndinayamba kulemba ndi Agatha Christhie. Zosonkhanitsa zonse zinali mnyumba mwanga. Ndili nawo onsewa, ndili ndi chisoni kuyambira kuchuluka kwa nthawi yomwe ndimawerenga ndikuwerenganso. Lero ndichitanso chimodzimodzi ndimabuku a mayi wamkulu watsopano wamilandu, Donna Leon, ndi Brunetti wake ku Venice.

Pakati pa olemba Chisipanishi ndili nawo onena za Jose Maria Guelbenzu, ndipo ndimakonda buku lililonse latsopano mwa María Oruña, Reyes Calderón, Berna González Harbor, Alicia Jiménez Barlett kapena Víctor del Arbol. Komanso omwe adzilemba omwe ali ndi ine amakhala okhulupirika kwathunthu ngati Roberto Martínez Guzmán. Ndipo zatsopano zatsopano ziwiri chaka chino: Santiago Díaz Cortés ndi Inés Plana. Ndikuyembekezera kuwerenga mabuku anu achiwiri.

6. ¿Zomwe akufa amakhala chete Kodi ndiko kuyamba kwa saga kapena mukuganiza zosintha kaundula m'buku lanu lotsatira?

Ndi saga akupitilizabe protagonist ndi omwe akumuzungulira: Commissioner Rafa Miralles, Sarah, mnzako wamankhwala, wanzeru, mkazi wa Commissioner ndi Barbara, mlongo wake, katswiri wamtima, wosalolera komanso wofunitsitsa kuchita bwino zinthu. Mlandu watsopano m'buku lachiwiri udzakhala wosiyana kwambiri ndi woyamba Ndipo, ngati owerenga akufuna, ndikuyembekeza pali zambiri.

7. Kodi momwe chilengedwe chanu chimakhalira nthawi zambiri? Kodi mudakhala ndi upangiri kapena chitsogozo? Kodi mungalimbikitse?

Monga malingaliro anga: wachisokonezo. Sindinayambe ndadwalapo masamba opanda kanthu. Ndikungofunika nthawi ndi chete. Kutha kwa maola angapo, popanda phokoso kapena zosokoneza ndipo nkhani imayenda. Sindikudziwa zomwe ndilemba, kapena zomwe zichitike m'bukuli. Ndimachitidwe osangalatsa kwambiri chifukwa ndimalemba ndikumverera kwa owerenga yemwe sakudziwa zomwe zichitike pamalo otsatira. Ndikamaliza ndikubwera gawo lalikulu: kukonza, kukonza, kulondola.

Zachidziwikire ndimafunafuna upangiri: Ndinaphunzira ku Sukulu ya Olemba ndi Laura Moreno, zomwe zimandithandiza kukonza ma buku anga, kenako ndidayamba pulogalamu ya pakukula zolembalemba ndi Jose María Guelbenzu, yemwe anali m'modzi mwa olemba omwe ndimawakonda kale ndipo sindinasiye kuphunzira, ndili ndi kalabu yanga ya ogulitsa, ... Ntchito yolemba ndi yosungulumwa, kotero kukhala ndi anthu odziwa zambiri kuti akuphunzitseni mphamvu zanu ndi zofooka zanu ndi owerenga kuti akupatseni malingaliro awo pamapeto pake kwa ine kwakhala ndipo ndi chuma. Ndimawamamatira, iwo ndi omwe amanditsogolera komanso zomwe ndimanena.

8. Ndi mitundu iti yamabuku yomwe mumakonda?

Ngakhale ndimakonda zokonda, ndimatha kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu wina uliwonse wamtundu uliwonse. Mpaka chaka chapitacho ndikadakuwuzani kuti ndikutsutsana ndi mbiri yakale, koma chaka chino ndawerenga ziwiri zomwe zandigonjetsa: yoyamba, Ngodya ya Mist, kuchokera kwa mnzanga Fatima Martin. Pambuyo pake, ndinali ndi mwayi wokwanira kukhala m'gulu la aphungu a Mphoto ya Carmen Martín Gaite ndipo popeza ndinawerenga ntchito ya Paco Tejedo Mtsinje Ndi mbiri yongopeka yokhudza María de Zayas y Sotomayor, ndimadziwa kuti ndiyenera kupambana. Mwamwayi, oweruza ena onse adagwirizana. Komanso Ndinali woweruza milandu ku Torrente Ballester ndipo ndimakonda buku lopambana, Argentina yomwe Mulungu akufuna, yomwe ndi buku loyendera, la Lola shultz, apadera. M'malo mwake, ndi mtundu womwe sindimawerenga nthawi zambiri.

Ndikuganiza ambiri Ndimakonda nkhani zabwino zomwe zimandilola ndikupangitsa kuti ndidziwe zambiri, mtundu uliwonse wamtunduwu.

Ndikuvomereza ngakhale pali mabuku omwe ndimawerenga ndikuwerenganso nthawi zambiri samakhala nthano zachinyengo, monga Munthu samangokhala pa caviar yekha, de Johannes M Simmel, buku lakale kwambiri lomwe lakhala ndi ine kuyambira unyamata, Palibe chomwe chimatsutsana ndi usiku lolembedwa ndi Dolphine de Vigan, lomwe ndimakonda kuwerenga nthawi yotentha. OlWophika wa Himmler, de Franzt Olivier Giesbert, kuti ndimatha kuwerenga kangapo ndipo zimandidabwitsa.

9. Mawu ochepa kwa olemba oyamba?

Aloleni alembe zomwe akufuna kuwerenga, chifukwa mwanjira imeneyi amakhulupirira ntchito yawo ndipo adziwa kuti asanamalize amakhala ndi wokonda wawo woyamba wopanda tanthauzo. Komanso zomwe amapanga, kuti aphunzire luso lolemba kuchokera kwa olemba odziwa, kuti akonze, kuti ayang'ane katswiri wowongolera kutsiriza kupukuta nkhani yanu.

Ndipo potsiriza, musachite manyazi kutumiza buku lanu kumalo onse omwe amavomerezedwa. Ndi kuleza mtima kwambiri, osafulumira, koma osaphonya mwayi: ngati muwonetsa ntchito yanu, mulibe chitsimikizo, koma muli ndi mwayi ndipo simudziwa komwe ungathere.

10. Ndipo pamapeto pake, mumakhala ndi ntchito ziti mukamapereka ziwonetsero zazikulu ndi ma siginecha?

Tengani masiku ochepa kuthokoza anthu onse omwe asankha bukuli ndikuti pakati pa maelstrom mwina zidandichitikira kuti ndichite panthawiyi. Kenako khalani pansi kuti mulembe ndikukhala ndi nthawi yocheza ndi banja lanu.