ʻElua mau kūlanakauhale Sepania ma waena o nā kūlanakauhale kākau Unesco

La ʻO Unesco ua hoʻomaka e kūkulu i kahi Pūnaewele Kikowaena Creative i ka 2004, kahi i ʻike ʻia ai nā mahele he nui: moʻokalaleo, kiʻiʻoniʻoni, mele, hana lima a me nā kiʻi kaulana, hoʻolālā, kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi a me Gastronomy.

Nā pae hoʻohālikelike no ke koho ʻana i ka Nā kūlanakauhale kākau moʻolelo pili lākou i ka mōʻaukala paʻi, nā papahana aʻo a me ka helu o nā hale waihona puke, nā hale puke a me nā kikowaena moʻomeheu i ke kūlanakauhale. Me nā ʻahaʻaina moʻokalaleo a me ke komo ʻana o ke kamaʻāina. Mai ia manawa, i ka mahele moʻokalaleo, hāʻawi ʻia ka makana i nā kūlanakauhale he 20 a puni ka honua a ʻelua he Paniolo, Pakelona a me Granada. Ke hoʻokūkū nei ʻo Segovia no ka makana.

Edinburgh (Kekokia)

ʻO Edinburgh ke kūlanakauhale nui o ka palapala o UNESCO i ka makahiki 2004. He aha ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Edinburgh? ʻO nā mea kākau o ka pili honua e like me Walter Scott a i ʻole Robert Louis Stevenson, ka mea nui loa Hōʻuluʻulu puke puke honua ma o nā mea i hala ma mua o 800 mau mea kākau i hala i kēlā me kēia makahiki a loaʻa ke kūlanakauhale  ʻoi aku ma mua o 50 mau hale kūʻai puke.

Melbourne (Australia)

ʻO Melbourne ka lua o ke kūlanakauhale ʻo UNESCO o ka moʻokalaleo, ma 2008, ʻehā mau makahiki ma hope. He aha ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Melbourne? A pūnaewele nui o nā hale waihona puke a me nā hale kūʻai puke, Pūnaewele hoʻolaha ʻoi aku ka nui o ka paʻi puke a me ʻehā mau hoʻolauleʻa moʻokalaleo: Melbourne Writers Festival, Overload Poetry Festival, Alfred Deakin Innovation Seminars a me nā kūmole kākau kākau hou.

Iowa (USA)

He aha ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Iowa? ʻO ia ke kūlanakauhale kahi i aʻo ʻia ai ke Kumu Mua o ka Creative Creative o ka honua, i ka 1936. Ua lanakila ka 25 o kāna mau mea kākau i ka Makana Pulitzer mai 1955. Mālama ʻia nā ʻahaʻaina moʻokalaleo kaulana a me kahi pūnaewele nui o nā hale kūʻai puke.

Dublin (ʻIlani)

He aha ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Dublin? Ma waho aʻe o ke ʻano o ka Ulysses na James Joyce, hoʻolauleʻa i ka lā puaʻa kahi hoʻolauleʻa holoʻokoʻa i kona hanohano kahi e ʻaʻahu ai ka poʻe ma ke ʻano he huapalapala mai ka puke. Ma waho o Joyce, ʻo lākou ʻo Dubliners ʻO Oscar Wilde, Bram Stoker, WB Yeats (Nobel Prize), Samuel Beckett, Jonathan Swift, Bernard Shaw (Nobel Prize), Samuel Beckett (Nobel Prize) a i ʻole Seamus Heaney (Nobel Prize).

ʻO Reykjavik (Iceland)

He aha kā Reykjavik he kūlanakauhale kākau? ʻO ʻIlia ka ʻāina i ka honua nei paʻi i nā poʻo hou aʻe no kēlā me kēia kanaka a hōʻike lākou iā Arnaldur Indridason, kekahi o nā puke moʻolelo lawehala maikaʻi loa.

ʻO Norwich (UK)

He aha ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Norwich? ʻO ia ke kūlanakauhale nui loa o UK no nā mea kākau ʻōlelo hoʻoweliweli mai ka makahiki 2007 a he lālā hoʻokumu o ka International Cities of Refuge Network (ICORN).

ʻO Juliana o Norwich (1342 - 1416) ka mea kākau o ka puke mua ma ka ʻōlelo Pelekania i kākau ʻia e kahi wahine.

Krakow (Polani)

He aha kā Krakow he kūlanakauhale kākau? ʻO lʻO ke kūlanakauhale o ka Polokalamu Nobel Polani i lanakila no ka palapala, e like me Wislawa Szymborska lāua ʻo Czesław Miłosz.

I ke kūlanakauhale kekahi o nā hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me nā waihona puke kaulana loa o ka honua. Mālama ʻia nā ʻahaʻaina moʻokalaleo like ʻole e like me ka Mīzosz Festival a me Conrad Festival.

Dunedin (Nūhōlani)

ʻO ke kūlanakauhale ʻike ʻole ʻia i nā mea he nui, he aha ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Dunedin? SʻO ʻoe ka hale waihona puke ka waihona puke lehulehu a manuahi hoʻi ma ka ʻāina. ʻO Dunedin kahi home o ka nui o nā mea kākau a me nā haku mele kaulana loa o New Zealand a me nā mea paʻi kiʻi a me nā mea kākau puke a nā keiki. I loko o laila nā aʻa kūpuna o ka poʻe Kāi, nona kuʻuna waha ke ulana nei lākou i nā kaʻao a me nā moʻolelo i loko o nā kenekulia. ʻO ia nō ke keʻena nui o ka Kikowaena puke, kahi kikowaena kūikawā e pili ana i ka moʻaukala o ka moʻokalaleo, ka paʻi ʻana a me ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana i nā paepae hou a me nā mana paʻi.

Heildelberg, Kelemānia

He aha ka pilikia ʻO Heildelberg e lilo i kūlanakauhale kākau moʻolelo? Maanei i hānau ʻia ai ke kulanui mua ma Kelemania. ʻO Ke Kulanui ʻo Ruperto Carola. He kikowaena ʻo ia no ke aʻo ʻana a me ka moʻokalaleo a ua hoʻokipa ʻo ia i nā mea kākau kaulana e like me Goethe, Clemens Brentano, Bettina von Arnim, a me Friedrich Hölderlin. ʻO ia nō kahi moe o ka romantisme Kelemania kenekulia.

Granada (Sepania)

Mai ka manawa ʻo 2014 Granada kahi kūlanakauhale kākau, ka Sepania mua i loaʻa ka makana He aha kāna ʻo Granada e lilo i kūlanakauhale kākau moʻolelo? I kahi mea kākau o kaulana kaulana Pepehi kanaka ʻo Federico García Lorca i ka wā o ke aupuni Franco no kāna kūlana moekolohe a me kāna manaʻo ʻaoʻao hema. ʻO nā hanana lehulehu a me nā hanana moʻomeheu, me ka ʻahaʻaina Granada Noir e kahe ana i kēlā me kēia kihi o ke kūlanakauhale me nā hōʻike moʻomeheu like ʻole, ʻaʻole wale nā ​​mea kākau moʻolelo, alakaʻi ʻia e Jesús Lens

Prague (Chekia)

He aha ka pilikia ʻO Prague e lilo i kūlanakauhale kākau moʻolelo? Makemake nā mea kākau kaulana ʻO Franz Kafka, Max Bod, ka Rainer Maria Rilke, a ʻoiaʻiʻo paha? Milan kundera. ʻO kāna kulanui, ʻo Charles University ke kulanui mua loa ma waena o ʻEulopa.

Ulyanovsk (Lūkia)

ʻIke ʻia no ke kūlanakauhale o ko Lenin hānau ʻana, he aha ka Ulyanovsk e lilo i kūlanakauhale kākau moʻolelo? Kaulana ia no ke kūlanakauhale o ka mea kākau moʻolelo ʻo ʻIvana Goncharov nāna i hana ʻo Oblomov, kahi ʻōpio a palaualelo hoʻi i noho i ka lā ma kahi moe. I ke kūlanakauhale he ʻaha moʻokalaleo ("E ala aʻe mai kahi moe") i mālama ʻia i kona hanohano. Aia ma mua o 30 mau hale puke, 39 hale waihona puke lehulehu, Ulyanovsk Regional Special Library, kahi waihona puke manuahi ma ke kahua mokulele a ʻoi aku ma mua o 200 hale waihona puke o ke kula.

Baghdad (Iraq)

ʻOiai, i ka nānā mua ʻana, me he mea lā he koho kupanaha ia, he aha ka ʻO Bagdag e lilo i kūlanakauhale kākau moʻolelo? He hala i hala me ka mana kākau moʻokalaleo nui ma ia wahi, e like me kā Baghdad kekahi o nā waihona puke nui o ka wā kahiko: Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Bayt al-Hikma i ke kenekulia XNUMX o ka makahiki, ʻo ia ka waihona nui loa o nā puke i ka honua i ka waena o ke kenekulia XNUMX.

Wahi hānau o kekahi o nā haku mele Arabia nui, ʻo Abu Al Tayeb Al Mutanabbi (kenekulia XNUMX).

Tartu (Estonia).

He aha ka pilikia Tartu e lilo i kūlanakauhale kākau moʻolelo? ʻO ia ke kūlanakauhale paionia i ka pale o ka moʻomeheu o ka ʻāina a me Estonian ma ke ʻano he ʻōlelo. Ma loko o ka makahiki e mālama ʻia nā ʻahaʻaina moʻokalaleo like ʻole. Paipai nā kula ʻelua i ka Estonia mau haʻawina a me ka moʻomeheu: ke Kulanui o Tartu a me ka hale waihona puke puke Estonia.

Lviv (ʻUkelena)

He aha ka pilikia Lviv e lilo i kūlanakauhale kākau moʻolelo? Ka nui o nā hale kūʻai puke a me nā hale waihona puke: 45 hale kūʻai puke, 174 hale waihona puke a me nā hale hōʻikeʻike he 54 a me kahi heluna komo nui i ka nohona moʻomeheu o ke kūlanakauhale. ʻO kāna En Lvis ka mīkini paʻi paʻi kahiko loa (1586) e hana mau nei.

Ljubljana (Slovenia).

He aha ka pilikia Ljubljana e lilo i kūlanakauhale kākau moʻolelo? Ma  Hoʻokipa ʻo Ljubljana ma mua o 10.000 hanana hanana, mele, hana keaka a me nā mea noʻeau e komo pū ana me 14 mau hoʻolauleʻa honua. Kipa kēlā me kēia kamaʻāina i ka Waihona Puke ʻo Munisipika ma ka awelika he ʻelima mau manawa i ka makahiki. Kaulana ʻo Ljubljana no kāna moʻomeheu kulanui.

Pakelona, ​​Sepania)

He aha ka pilikia Pakelona e lilo i kūlanakauhale kākau moʻolelo? ʻEhā mau ʻahaʻaina moʻokalaleo, e like me Barcelona Negra a me kahi mōʻaukala paʻi ikaika e pili ana i nā wā medieval, e hoʻokipa i ke keʻena nui o nā hui paʻi puke nui loa o ka ʻāina. Ua hānai ʻia i nā mea kākau lehulehu a lehulehu e like me ʻO Manu Montalbán, ʻo Alicia Giménez-Barlett, ka mea nāna i hana ka wahine mākaʻi mua i ka puke lawena Spanish, Eduardo Mendoza, Ana María Matute, Carlos Ruiz Zafón, Mercé Rodoreda, Ildefonso Falcones a i ʻole Víctor del Arbol, naita o nā hana Palani a me nā leka, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Loaʻa iā ia ma mua o 122 mau hale kūʻai puke a me kahi pūnaewele ākea o nā waihona puke lehulehu. Hoʻolauleʻa i kēlā me kēia makahiki ka lā o ʻO Sant Jordi, kahi lā e kuʻuna ai ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā puke a me nā pua rose.

Nottingham (UK)

He aha kā Nottingham he kūlanakauhale kākau? Ma waho aʻe o kahi moe o Robin Hood, i nā mea kākau e like me Lord Byron a i ʻole DH Lawrence. Eia pū me nā hale waihona puke he 18 a me nā hale kūʻai puke kūʻokoʻa he nui, i hoʻohui ʻia i ka hoʻolaʻa moʻokalaleo ʻO Nottingham Festival o nā Huaʻōlelo.

Óbidos (Pokukala)

He aha ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Óbidos? Ma waho o nā ala mākaʻikaʻi maʻamau o Pokukala, he momi palapala ia, me nā hale kūʻai puke i hana ʻia i nā wahi makemake ʻole ʻia: ʻO ka mua ka Halepule ʻo Santiago, me nā puke ʻoi aku ma mua o 40.000. Mai ia mea, ua hana ʻia nā hale kūʻai puke hou i nā wahi kupaianaha, e like me ka mākeke a i ʻole ka winery.

Montevideo, Uruguay)

He aha ko Montevideo kahi kūlanakauhale kākau? Makemake nā mea kākau ʻO Eduardo Galeano, ʻo Mario Benedetti a ʻo Juan Carlos Onetti paha. Nui kona ʻO ka mākeke puke Sabati: Tristán Narvaja.

Milano, Ikalia)

He aha ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Milana? ʻO Milana kekahi o nā kikowaena nā mea paʻi puke nui, kekahi o ia mau mea nui ka mōʻaukala. Kahi noho o Darío Fo, Nobel Prize.

Bucheon (Kōlea Hema)

He aha ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Bucheon? Pili ʻia kāna moʻomeheu moʻokalaleo iā Byun yeongro a me Chong Chi-yong, nā poʻokela o ka neʻe poetic koʻikoʻi o ka hapa mua o ke kenekulia XNUMX.

ʻO Québec (Kanada)

He aha ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Québec? Me kahi ola moʻomeheu waiwai, hōʻike kāna moʻokalaleo i kāna Francophone, Anglophone a me nā hoʻoilina Aboriginal.

ʻO ka Literary and Historical Society of Québec (1824) a me ka Canadian Institute of Québec (1848) kahi mea nui i ka ola palapala o ka ʻāina. ʻO ia ke kūlanakauhale kahi e noho ai ka hapa nui o nā hale paʻi o ka ʻāina.

Seattle (USA)

ʻOi aku ka ʻike no ka ʻenehana ma mua o ka moʻokalaleo, he aha ka Seattle e lilo i kūlanakauhale kākau moʻolelo? ʻOiai ʻaʻole i hele mai kona kaulana mai ona, ʻo kekahi o nā mea hoihoi loa ʻo ia nā hale kūʻai puke a me ka helu o nā paʻi a me nā hana e pili ana i ka heluhelu ʻana.

Utrecht (Holland)

He aha ka pilikia Utrecht e lilo i kūlanakauhale kākau moʻolelo? I ka makahiki 1473 ua paʻi ʻia ka puke mua o ka Northern Netherlands, i ka makahiki 1516 ua ʻikea ia ka hōʻuluʻulu mele mua i haku ʻia e ka wahine a i ka 1892 ua wehe ʻia ka hale waihona puke lehulehu o ke aupuni, ma waena o nā hanana kaulana ʻē aʻe.

Hoʻolauleʻa ma waena o 20 a 30 mau hanana moʻokalaleo i kēlā me kēia mahina, e pili ana i nā keiki a me nā mākua a he 56 nā hale kūʻai puke, 26 waihona puke a he home ia no 200 a ʻoi paha mea paʻi.

Manchester, United Kingdom)

He aha ka pilikia Manchester e lilo i kūlanakauhale kākau moʻolelo? He ʻelima ko Manchester hale waihona puke lehulehu mōʻaukala, hoihoi ʻaʻole wale no kā lākou kālā, akā no nā hale kahi o lākou e noho ai. ʻO kāna momi paʻa ʻole ka ʻO ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo John Rylands, mai 1899, i ke kaila neo-gothic. ʻO kahi waiwai no kāna mau aniani aniani a me kona kaupaku coffered, akā, ma mua o nā mea āpau, nā mea e mālama ai i loko: nā puke Egypt, nā puke Coptic a i ʻole nā ​​Helene, nā puke kākau medieval, ka hoʻopuka o ka Canterbury Tales (1476), ka Gutenberg Bible (1455) a i ʻole kahi puke hoihoi e pili ana i nā manu kiʻekiʻe hoʻokahi mika o ʻAmelika (1830).

Durban (ʻApelika Hema)

He aha ka pilikia Durban e lilo i kūlanakauhale kākau moʻolelo? Ua hoʻokipa kēia kūlanakauhale i nā mea kākau he nui, e like me ka mea lanakila mua ʻApelika ʻAmelika, Alan Paton, a i ʻole ka haku mele ʻo Bessie Head. Mālama ʻia nā ʻahaʻaina moʻokalaleo koʻikoʻi e like me Poetry Africa.

Lillehammer (Nolewai)

He aha ka pilikia Lillehammer e lilo i kūlanakauhale kākau moʻolelo? Me nā kānaka wale nō he 27.000, i ke kenekulia XNUMX ua lilo ia i hub no nā mea pena a me nā mea kākau, ʻo kekahi o lākou nā Nobel Prize Winners for Literature e like me Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson a me Sigrid Undset.

Makemake mākou Laki maikaʻi i ka papahana Segovian i mea ʻo Segovia ka mea aʻe e hui pū me ka papa inoa.