Yukio mishima
Yukio Mishima marubuci ne, marubuci, kuma marubuci, wanda aka ɗauka ɗayan mahimman marubutan Japan na ƙarni na ashirin. Ayyukansa sun haɗu da al'adun Jafanawa tare da zamani, don haka ya sami fitowar wallafe-wallafen duniya. A shekarar 1968 aka zabe shi don samun lambar yabo ta Nobel a cikin adabi, a wannan lokacin wanda ya lashe wannan kyautar shi ne jagoransa: Yasunari Kawabata.
Marubucin an bayyana shi da ladabtarwa, da kuma iyawar jigogin sa (jima'i, mutuwa, siyasa ...). A cikin 1988, gidan buga littattafai na Shinchōsha - wanda ya buga yawancin ɓangarorin littattafansa - ya ƙirƙiri kyautar Mishima Yukio don girmama marubucin. An bayar da wannan kyautar ne tsawon shekaru 27 a jere, bugu na karshe shi ne a shekarar 2014.
Tarihin Rayuwa
An haifi Yukio Mishima a ranar 14 ga Janairu, 1925 a Tokyo. Iyayensa sune Shizue da Azusa Hiraoka, waɗanda suka yi masa baftisma da sunan: Kimitake Hiraoka. Kakarsa Natsu ce ta tashi, wanda ta dauke shi daga iyayensa tun yana karami.. Ta kasance mace mai tsananin buƙata kuma tana so ta goya shi a ƙarƙashin kyakkyawan matsayin zamantakewar.
Nazarin farko
Bisa ga ra'ayin kakarsa, ya shiga makarantar Gakushüin, wuri ne na babban jama'a da masu martaba na Japan. Natsu yana son jikan nasa ya sami kyakkyawar dangantaka da masarautar ƙasar. A can ya sami damar kasancewa cikin kwamitin editan kungiyar adabi na makarantar. Wannan ya ba shi damar rubutawa da buga labarin sa na farko: Hanazakari no Mori (1968), don shahararriyar mujallar Bungei-Bunka.
Yakin duniya na biyu
Sakamakon rikice-rikicen makamai da suka barke Yaƙin Duniya na II, an kira Mishima don shiga cikin Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Japan. Duk da cewa yana da rauni a jiki, amma koyaushe yana riƙe da sha'awar yin yaƙi don ƙasarsa. Amma burinsa ya yanke jiki lokacin da ya gabatar da hoton mura a cikin binciken likitanci, dalilin da ya sa likitan ya soke shi ganin cewa yana da alamun cutar tarin fuka.
Nazarin Kwarewa
Kodayake Mishima koyaushe yana da sha'awar rubutu, bai iya aiwatar da shi kyauta ba a lokacin samartaka.. Wannan saboda ya kasance daga dangin masu ra'ayin mazan jiya kuma mahaifinsa ya yanke shawarar cewa ya kamata yayi karatun digiri na jami'a. A saboda wannan dalili, ya shiga Jami'ar Tokyo, inda ya kammala karatun aikin lauya a cikin 1957.
Mishima ya yi aikinsa na shekara guda a matsayin memba na Ma'aikatar Kudi ta Japan. Bayan wannan lokacin, ya gama gajiya sosai, saboda haka mahaifinsa ya yanke shawarar cewa bai kamata ya ci gaba da aiki a wurin ba. Daga baya, Yukio ya dukufa ga rubutu.
Gasar adabi
Littafinsa na farko shine Tozoku (Barayin mutane, 1948), wanda da ita aka san shi a fagen adabi. Masu sukar sunyi la'akari da shi "ya shiga cikin ƙarni na biyu na marubutan bayan yaƙi (1948-1949)". Bayan shekara guda, ya ci gaba da buga littafinsa na biyu: Kamen babu kokuhaku (Ikirarin abin rufe fuska, 1949), aikin da ya samu babbar nasara dashi.
Daga nan ne marubucin ya fara kirkirar karin litattafai 38, wasan kwaikwayo 18, makaloli 20 da kuma gidan wakafi. Daga cikin fitattun littattafansa zamu iya ambata:
- Jita-jita game da igiyar ruwa (1954)
- Rumfar Zinare (1956)
- Jirgin da ya rasa alherin teku (1963)
- Rana da karfe (1967). Rubutun tarihin kansa
- Tetralogy: Tekun haihuwa
Ibadar mutuwa
Mishima da aka kafa a 1968 "Tatenokai" (ƙungiyar garkuwa), ƙungiyar soja mai zaman kanta ta ƙunshi ɗumbin matasa masu kishin ƙasa. A ranar 25 ga Nuwamba, 1972, ya shiga cikin Rundunar Gabas ta Forcesungiyar Kare Kai ta Tokyo, tare da sojoji 3. A can suka tumɓuke kwamandan kuma Mishima da kansa ya tafi baranda don ba da jawabi don neman mabiya.
Babban aikin shi ne aiwatar da juyin mulki sannan sarki ya dawo kan mulki. Koyaya, wannan ƙaramin rukuni bai sami goyon bayan sojoji ba a wurin. Ba tare da cimma nasarar aikin sa ba, nan da nan Mishima ya yanke shawarar aiwatar da tsafin kisan kai na Jafananci wanda aka fi sani da seppuku ko harakiri; kuma haka ya gama rayuwarsa.
Mafi kyawun littattafai daga marubucin
Ikirarin abin rufe fuska (1949)
Yana da labari na biyu na marubuci, wanda Mishima ɗaya ya ɗauka kamar tarihin rayuwa. Shafukan sa guda 279 aka rawaito ta farkon mutum daga Koo-chan (gajere ga Kimitake). An saita makircin a cikin Japan kuma yana gabatar da ƙuruciya, ƙuruciya da ƙuruciya ta farko ga jarumar. Bugu da kari, batutuwa kamar su liwadi da kuma facaban karya na al'ummar Japan na lokacin.
Synopsis
Ku-chan Ya tashi ne a lokacin daular Japan. Ya Ya kasance siriri, kodadde, saurayi mai kamannin rashin lafiya. Na dogon lokaci dole ne ya yi aiki tare da ɗakunan gidaje marasa adadi don daidaitawa da manyan ƙa'idodin zamantakewar jama'a. Ya rayu a cikin gidan da kakarsa ke kula da shi, wanda ta raine shi shi kaɗai kuma ta ba shi ilimi mai kyau.
En A cikin samartakarta, Koo-chan ta fara lura da sha’awarta ga mutane daga jinsi ɗaya. Kamar yadda wannan ya faru, yana tasowa kwatancen jima'i da yawa wanda ke haɗuwa da jini da mutuwa. Koo-chan tana ƙoƙari ta kulla dangantaka da kawarta Sonoko - don ci gaba da bayyana - amma wannan ba ya aiki. Wannan shine yadda mawuyacin lokaci ke faruwa a gare shi, saboda dole ne ya gano kuma ya tabbatar da kansa.
Rumfar Zinare (1956)
Labari ne da aka kirkira a shekarun baya na yakin duniya na biyu. Labarin ya bayyana abin da ya faru na gaske wanda ya faru a cikin 1950, lokacin da aka cinna wa katon Zinare na Kinkaku-ji wuta a Kyoto. Babban halayenta shine Mizoguchi, wanda ke ba da labarin a farkon mutum.
Saurayin ya yaba da kyawun gidan da ake kira Pavilion na Zinare kuma ya yi marmarin kasancewa wani ɓangare na gidan sufi na Zen na Rokuojuji. Littafin ya karɓi kyautar Yomiuri a cikin 1956, ban da haka, an daidaita shi sau da yawa zuwa silima, kazalika da wasan kwaikwayo, kide-kide, raye-raye na zamani da opera.
Synopsis
Makircin ya dogara ne akan rayuwar Mizoguchi, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya wani saurayi yana sane da kansa game da cuwa-cuwa da yake yi da kuma bayyanar da sha'awa. Ya gaji da yawan zolayarsa, ya yanke shawarar barin makarantar don ya bi gurbin mahaifinsa, wanda baƙon Buddha ne. Saboda wannan, mahaifinsa, wanda ba shi da lafiya, ya ba da iliminsa ga Tayama Dosen, kafin gidan ibada da aboki.
mizoguchi Ya shiga cikin al'amuran da suka nuna rayuwarsa: rashin amincin mahaifiyarsa, mutuwar mahaifinsa da ƙin ƙaunarsa (Uiko). Halin da yake ciki ya motsa shi, saurayin ya shiga gidan sufi na Rokuojuji. Yayin da yake wurin, ya cika da tunani game da yuwuwar tashin bam, wanda zai lalata Babban Pavilion, gaskiyar da ba ta taɓa faruwa ba. Har yanzu yana cikin damuwa, Mizoguchi zai yi aikin da ba zato ba tsammani.
Lalacewar mala'ika (1971)
Shine littafi na karshe na tetralogy Tekun haihuwa, jerin wanda Mishima ya nuna kin amincewarsa da sauye-sauye da gabatarwar al'ummar Japan. Makircin an saita shi a cikin shekaru 70 kuma yana bin labarin babban halayenta, alkalin: Shigekuni Honda. Ya kamata a san cewa marubucin ya isar da wannan aikin ga editan nasa a ranar da ya yanke shawarar kashe rayuwarsa.
Synopsis
Labarin ya fara ne lokacin da Honda ya haɗu da Tōru Yasunaga, maraya dan shekara 16. Bayan alkalin ya rasa matar sa, sai alkalin ya sami abokan zama tare da Keiko, wanda ya fada ma sa bukatar sa ta daukar Toru. Ya yana tunanin shine karo na uku reincarnation na abokinsa daga yarinta Kiyoaki Matsugae. A ƙarshe ta nemi goyan bayanta kuma ta ba ta ingantaccen ilimi.
Bayan ya cika shekaru 18, Tōru ya zama mutum mai rikici da tawaye.. Halinsa ya kai shi ga nuna ƙiyayya ga malamin nasa, har ma da sarrafawa don sanya Honda rashin lafiya.
Watanni daga baya, Keiko ya yanke shawarar bayyana wa saurayin ainihin dalilin da ya sa aka karbe shi, yana gargadin shi cewa ilimin farko ya mutu yana da shekaru 19. Shekara guda bayan haka, Honda mai tsufa ya ziyarci haikalin Gesshū, inda zai karɓi wahayi mai ban mamaki.
