Harafi daga Jane Austen zuwa ga 'yar uwarta Cassandra

Jane Austen ba ta da mutuncin da ya cancanta a rayuwa, ta fuskar adabi, amma ayyukanta, bayan mutuwarta, sun zama manyan litattafai na adabin gargajiya kusan dole ne a karanta. Dole ne mu tuna cewa wannan marubuci fitacce dole ne ya rubuta littattafansa ba tare da suna ba, littattafan irin su «Ma'ana da ji na ƙwarai ", «Girman kai da son zuciya " y «Emma », don suna uku kawai. Kamar yadda yake ga George Orwell, a cikin labarin da aka rubuta kwanakin baya zaka iya karantawa a nan, Litattafan Jane Austen Ta kuma rubuta wasiƙu da yawa, musamman ga ƙawarta kuma 'yar'uwarta, Cassandra Austen. Yawancinsu sun lalace amma kusan ɗari biyu sun rage. Daga cikin su duka mun zaɓi wannan wanda zan fassara a ƙasa, a wasika daga Jane Austen zuwa ga 'yar uwarta Cassandra:

Steventon

Alhamis, Nuwamba 20, 1800.

Ya ƙaunataccena Cassandra,

Wasikarka ta ba ni mamaki matuka a safiyar yau; wanda ya kasance maraba sosai, duk da haka, kuma ina mai matuƙar godiya a gare ku game da shi. Ina tsammanin ina da giya da yawa a daren jiya a Hurstbourne; Ban san me kuma zai iya haifar min da hannuna ba yanzu. Don haka, don Allah a gafarta mini duk wani kuskure a cikin rubuta wannan wasiƙar.

Burin ku na jin labarin Lahadi na, wataƙila, zai yi wuyar fahimta, saboda mutum yana da saukin tunani game da irin waɗannan abubuwa da safe bayan sun faru, fiye da lokacin da suke faruwa.

Ya kasance rana ce mai kyau. Charles ya same ta sosai haka, amma ba zan iya faɗi dalilin ba, sai dai idan babu Miss Terry, wanda lamirinsa ya zarge shi da kasancewarsa ba ruwansa yanzu, ya kasance masa sauƙi. Raye-raye goma sha biyu ne kacal, daga cikinsu na yi rawa tara, sauran ba zan iya rawa ba saboda rashin aboki. Mun fara a goma, cin abincin dare a daya, kuma mun tafi Deane kafin biyar. Babu mutane fiye da hamsin a cikin dakin; iyalai kalilan ne, a zahiri, a gefenmu na lardin, kuma ba yawa daga wasu ba. Abokan tafiyata sune samari biyu Johns, Hooper da Holder, da kuma mashahurin Malam Mathew, wanda na yi rawa tare a ƙarshe.

Babu 'yan kwalliya kaɗan, kuma kamar yadda ake tsammani, babu kyakkyawa ƙwarai. Mis Iremonger ba ta da kyan gani, kuma Mista Blount shi kadai ne wanda aka fi so. Ta bayyana dai-dai da yadda ta yi a watan Satumba, tare da faffadan fuskarta, a lulluɓe cikin lu'ulu'u, farin takalmi, miji a ruwan hoda, da wuya mai ƙiba. Miss Coxes biyun suna wurin: Na fara tattaunawa da yarinya gama gari, wacce ta yi rawa a Enham shekaru takwas da suka gabata; ɗayan an tsabtace shi, yarinya ce mai kyakkyawar makoma, Catalina Bigg. Na kalli Mista Thomas Champneys kuma na yi tunanin talaka Rosalie. Na kalli diyar ta sai kace wata bakuwar dabba mai farin kwala. Mrs. Warren, tilasta ni in yi tunani, wata budurwa kyakkyawa, wacce ke wahalar da ni sosai. Ya sami nasarar kawar da wani ɓangare na rawar ɗan sa kuma ya yi rawa tare da babban aiki. Mijinta mummunan abu ne, har ma ya fi na dan uwansa Juan; amma da alama bai tsufa ba. Matan Maitland duka kyawawa ne, kamar Anne, masu launin fata, manyan idanu masu duhu, da hanci mai kyau. Janar din na da gout, kuma Mrs. Maitland na da cutar jaundice. Miss Debary, Susan da Sally, sanye da bakaken kaya, masu gajeren jiki, sun bayyana, ni kuma ina tsaye a gabansu gwargwadon yadda warin warinsu ya ba ni izini.

Maria ta gaya min cewa na yi kyau sosai. Na sanya riga da zanin goggo na kuma gashin kaina a kalla tsafta, wanda wannan duk burina ne.

Mun kasance da kyakkyawar rana a ranar Litinin a Ashe, mun zauna goma sha huɗu a abincin dare a cikin binciken, a cikin ɗakin cin abinci ba haka ba ne tun lokacin da hadari ya kawo murhu. Misis Bramston ta yi magana na dogon lokaci, wanda Mista Bramston da Sakatare kamar sun yi daidai da jin daɗi. Akwai bushewa da tebur na gidan caca, da kuma waje shida. Rice da Lucy sun yi soyayya, Mat. Robinson ya yi barci, James da Mrs. Augusta a madadin sun karanta karamin littafin Dokta Finnis a saniyar-saniya, kuma ya juya tare a cikin abokina.

Digweeds ɗin guda uku sun isa ranar Talata kuma mun yi wasa a cikin wurin waha a cikin kasuwancin. James Digweed ya bar Hampshire a yau. Ina tsammanin dole ne ya kasance cikin ƙaunarku, don damuwar ku game da zuwa ƙwallon Faversham, da kuma rashin rashi. Shin wannan ba ra'ayin bajini bane? Bai taɓa faruwa da ni ba a baya, amma na kuskura na ce hakan ta faru.

Barka da warhaka; Charles ya aika mata da mafi kyawun ƙaunarta kuma Edward mafi muninsa. Idan kuna tsammanin bambancin bai dace ba, zaku iya sanya shi da kanku. Zai rubuta muku idan ya dawo jirgin sa, kuma kafin nan ina fatan ya dauke ni a matsayin

'yar uwarsa mai kauna, JA.

Short Short of Jane Austen: Rayuwa da Adabi

Litattafan Jane Austen Haihuwar Steventon a ranar 16 ga Disamba, 1775. Ya girma a cikin dangi mai arziki na agurrian bourgeoisie kuma ya rayu cikin cikakken lokacin da aka sani da Hakimin. Kusan dukkan ayyukan nasa an rubuta su ne a karkashin sunan bogi kuma babban goyan bayan adabi shi ne Sir Walter Scott wanda ya ba da ci gaba ga aikinsa saboda godiya mai kyau da ya samu a littafinsa «Emma

An kawo wasu daga cikin litattafansa zuwa babban allo, mafi suna kuma sanannen harka ita ce Girman kai da Son zuciya.

A kusan dukkanin littattafansa yayi magana ne game da soyayya, wanda ba shi da ma'ana lokacin da Jane Austen bata taba hana aure ba kuma bai so shi ba. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa yake da ɗan ƙawancen soyayya, wanda ya dogara da abin da wani ya gani.

Littattafan da aka buga

• "Hankali da hankali" (1811).
• "Girman kai da son zuciya" (1813).
• "Mansfield Park" (1814).
• "Emma" (1815).
• "Abiya Northanger" (1818), aikin bayan mutuwa.
• "Rarrashi" (1818), aikin bayan mutuwa.

Litattafan Jane Austen ya mutu 18 ga Yuli, 1817 a Winchester. Su kabari Yana cikin arewacin tsagaitaccen ruwan na Chesterasar Winchester, wanda ke karɓar ziyarar yau da kullun saboda ragowar marubucin a can aka binne shi.

Shahararrun maganganu daga Jane Austen

• “Banza da alfahari abubuwa ne daban-daban, kodayake ana amfani da kalmomin iri ɗaya. Mutum na iya yin fahariya ba tare da ya zama na banza ba. Girman kai yana da alaƙa da ra'ayinmu game da kanmu: girman kai, da abin da muke so wasu suyi tunanin mu.

• "Dole ne a yafe wa son kai koyaushe, saboda babu fatan samun waraka."

• "Rashin karimci na danginsa ya sa shi yin mamakin samun abota a wani waje."

• "Na yi imanin cewa a cikin kowane mutum akwai yiwuwar karkata zuwa wani mummunan abu, zuwa ga lahani na asali, cewa ba ma mafi kyawun ilimin da zai iya shawo kansa ba."

• "Na yarda ne kawai in yi aiki yadda ya kamata, a ganina, tare da farin cikina na nan gaba, ba tare da la’akari da abin da ku ko wani ke bambamta da ni ba."

• “A yadda aka saba duk muna farawa ne da dan zabi, kuma hakan na iya zama saboda kawai, ba tare da dalili ba; amma akwai 'yan kaɗan waɗanda suke da zuciya sosai don yin soyayya ba tare da an motsa su ba ».

• "Amma muddin mutane sun yarda da tunaninsu ya dauke su don yanke hukunci ba daidai ba game da halayenmu kuma su cancanta shi bisa ga bayyana kawai, farin cikinmu koyaushe zai kasance ne da rahamar sa'a."

• "Ta yaya sannu-sannu dalilai suka taso don amincewa da abin da muke so!"