David Foster Wallace Quote
Barkwanci mara iyaka -Jest mara iyaka, a cikin Turanci — shine littafi na biyu da Marigayi marubuci Ba’amurke, marubuci, kuma farfesa David Foster Wallace ya rubuta, bayan aikinsa na farko. Tsintsiya tsintsiya. Jest mara iyaka an buga shi a cikin 1996, kuma ana ɗaukarsa mafi girman aikin marubucin, da kuma ɗaya daga cikin litattafai ɗari mafi kyau kuma mafi wakilci na ƙarni na XNUMX a cewar mujallar. Lokaci.
Godiya ga jigogi da yawa An tsara shi a nau'ikan nau'ikan kamar satire, almara na kimiyya, labari na falsafa, tragicomedy, littafin tunani da dystopia.. Ruwayar ta yi amfani da haɗe-haɗe na dabaru kamar tattaunawa na cikin gida, tarihin rayuwar almara, da kuma canjin maruwaita. Barkwanci mara iyaka Yana da shafuka sama da dubu, kuma da yawa daga cikinsu suna da bayanan ƙasa.
Game da mahallin Barkwanci mara iyaka
dystopia bayyananne
An ɗora aikin tare da yanayi mai rikitarwa mai cike da nuances. An saita shi a cikin Amurka mai jari-hujja -inda, har ma, manyan masana'antu ke daukar nauyin sunan shekarun. Yana gudanar da tsarin tsarin muhalli na ONAN, wanda Ofishin Ayyukan da Ba a bayyana ba ke gudana. Waɗannan, a bi da bi, suna cikin yaƙi na har abada a kan kyamar ONANism na al'ummar Quebec.
marar tsammani
A cikin wannan panorama na yaƙi an ƙirƙiro filaye da yawa waɗanda da alama ba su da alaƙa da juna. Duk da haka, Yayin da abubuwan ke faruwa, haruffan suna haɗuwa kuma suna haɗuwa don warware rikice-rikicen nasu.. Wadannan abubuwan suna faruwa a cikin manyan saituna guda biyu: cibiyar detox da makarantar wasan tennis.
Kwalejin wasan tennis da cibiyar gyarawa
Kwalejin Tennis ta Enfield babbar hadaddun ce ga 'yan wasa masu girma. Su falsafar na horo shi ne shafe duk wani kuzarin dan Adam. A halin yanzu, gidan Ennet don Alcohol da Drug Rehabilitation, cibiya ce da ke amfani da addini da juzu'i don kula da masu amfani da ita. Hakazalika, a cikin waɗannan yanayi guda biyu an ba da labarai guda huɗu masu haɗaka:
Les Assassins na Fauteuils Rollents
Na farko daga cikinsu yana magana ne da gungun masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na al'ummar Quebec, lardin Kanada. Ana kiran wannan ƙungiyar da Les Assassins des Fauteuils Rollents —Masu kisan kai a cikin keken hannu; ASR- Masu tsatsauran ra'ayi sun shirya wani mummunan juyin mulki ga hukumar leken asirin ONAN.
gidan ennet
Labari na biyu ya nuna yadda juriya na yankin Boston ke ƙara nutsewa cikin cin abinci narcotics. Don gyara kansu, sun shiga gidan Ennet a matsayin gaggawa. Hakanan ana goyan bayansu daga Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) da kuma Narcotics Anonymous (NA).
Cibiyar Tennis ta Enfield
na uku frame yana mai da hankali kan ɗalibai daga babbar Kwalejin Tennis ta Enfield. Marigayi James Incandenza ne ya kafa wannan makaranta. Bayan mutuwar Incandenza, matar da mijinta ya mutu, Avril, ta mallaki makarantar tare da dan uwanta, Charles Tavis.
Iyalin Incandenza
Na hudu kuma na karshe na ruwayoyin ya ba da labarin dangin Incandenza. ma, yayi maganar Hal, ƙaramar membobinta.
Barkwanci mara iyaka: Nexus
duk wadannan jerin kuma mai ba da labari ya canza suna da alaƙa ta hanyar fim mai suna Barkwanci mara iyaka. A cikin novel kuma ana kiran wannan aikin da "nishadi" ko "samizdat". Dangane da wannan fim, masu kallo suna jin daɗinsa sosai, har burinsu kawai su kalli fim ɗin sau da yawa, har sai sun mutu saboda yunwa.
Duk da haka, duk wannan shine kawai harsashi na labarin. Foster Wallace ya rubuta sosai game da wuraren duhun da masu shan giya ke zama da masu amfani da kowane iri. Duk da fitattun almara a cikin labarun, masu suka da yawa sun sanya Barkwanci mara iyaka a matsayin aikin haqiqanin tarihi, saboda yadda ake ba da labarin abubuwan da suka faru har sai an kai su wani wuri da ba a iya gane su.
Personajes sarakuna
Tare da sabon labari mai girma da sarƙaƙƙiya, yana iya zama ɗan ruɗani don nemo ɗaya ko wasu manyan haruffa. Duk da haka, Wadannan mutane su ne suka ba da gudunmawa mafi girma a tarihi., kuma su ne aka fi sani:
Avril Incandenza
Yana da kusan mace mai rinjaye kuma kyakkyawa. Lokacin da James ya mutu, mijinta, Avril ya zama shugaban Kwalejin Tennis ta Enfield. Hakazalika, ta ci gaba da ƙulla dangantaka—wataƙila tun kafin mutuwar matar tata—da Charles Tavis, wanda ɗan’uwan renonta ne.
Afrilu yana da phobias da yawa, daga cikinsu akwai: agoraphobia, rufaffiyar kofofin, fitilun rufi da kwayoyin cuta. Bugu da kari, ta shagaltu da sa ido kan kananan yaran ta biyu.
Hal Incandenza
Hal shi ne auta a cikin gidan Incandenza. Wataƙila shi ma babban jigon littafin ne, tun da abubuwan da suka faru a cikin aikin sun shafi zamansa a Kwalejin Tennis ta Enfield.
Shine saurayi mai hazaka, mai kaifin basira da basira. Amma kuna jin rashin tsaro game da iyawarsa, daga baya kuma game da tsaftar hankalinsa.
James Orin Incandenza Jr.
Wannan mutumin shine mijin avrilda kuma baban 'ya'yan Incandenza -Orin, Mario and Hal-. Shi ne kuma wanda ya kafa kuma darekta na Kwalejin Tennis ta Enfield. James yana da hazaka marar gajiyawa: shi kwararre ne mai ilimin gani da fina-finai, haka kuma mahaliccin wargi mara iyaka, fim mai ban mamaki kuma mai jaraba.
Dangantakar ku da Orin, Mario and Hal Yana da rikitarwa sosai.
Mario Incandenza
Shi ne ɗa na biyu na iyalin Incandenza, ko da yake yana iya zama sakamakon dangantaka tsakanin Avril da Charles Tavis. Yana da nakasar haihuwa da yawa, kuma mai hankali ne mai koyo. Amma kuma yana da abokantaka sosai kuma koyaushe yana cikin yanayi mai kyau. Kamar mahaifinsa, shi ƙwararren mai shirya fina-finai ne, kuma lokacin da James ya mutu, Mario ya gaji duk kayan aikin sa.
Orin Incandenza
Yana da game ɗan fari na Incandenza. Shi ne kuma ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Cardinals na Phoenix, kuma ƙwararren mai bugun zuciya. Mutum ne mai keɓe kansa da sauran danginsa, kuma, kamar sauran ’yan uwa, yana da mugunyar dangantaka da danginsa. Cibiyar duk yaƙe-yaƙen sa mata ne matasa.
Game da marubucin, David Foster Wallace
David Foster Wallace
An haifi David Foster Wallace a shekara ta 1962, a birnin New York na kasar Amurka. Dan masana falsafa da marubuta, Ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Amherst, inda ya karanci Turanci da Falsafa. Ya kuma kware a fannin lissafi da dabaru na modal.
Takardunku na digiri, Richard Taylor's 'mutuwa' da ilimin tauhidi na yanayin jiki, ya wallafa New York Times posthumously a 2008. Don ita ya sami lambar yabo ta Gail Kennedy Memorial Award. A 1987 ya sami digiri na farko a fannin rubuce-rubucen kirkire-kirkire daga Jami'ar Arizona.
Foster Wallace ya mutu a shekara ta 2008 yana da shekaru 46.. Dalilin mutuwarsa shine suicidio. Mahaifinsa, James D. Wallace, ya tabbatar da cewa marubucin ya sha fama da baƙin ciki na wasu shekaru, kuma rashin aikin jinyarsa ya sa ba shi da kayan aikin da zai magance rashin lafiyarsa.
Sauran ayyukan David Foster Wallace
Novelas
- kodadde sarki (2011) - sarki kodadde.
Tatsuniyoyi
- Yarinya mai Gashi mai ban sha'awa (1989) - Yarinyar da gashi mai ban mamaki;
- Takaitaccen Tattaunawa Da Masoya Masu Hide (1999) - Takaitattun hirarraki da maza masu kyama;
- Mantuwa: Labarun (2004) - Tsagewa.