Rayuwa da waƙoƙin Pablo Neruda: mawaki ne na duniya

Don magana game da Pablo Neruda dole ne mu koma ga haihuwar sau biyu na mawaki ɗaya. Wato, kamar yadda akwai Ricardo Neftalí Reyes, akwai kuma Pablo Neruda, sunaye biyu daban-daban tare da hanyoyi biyu na magana. Ba zai isa ya bayyana hakan ba An haifi Ricardo Eliécer Neftalí Reyes Basoalto a ranar 12 ga Yuli, 1904 kuma cewa Pablo ya mutu a ranar 23 ga Satumba, 1973, dole ne ku zurfafa zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin zurfin binciken abubuwan da ba shi da iyaka game da wannan mawaƙin na duniya.

Ricardo Neftalí ya yanke shawarar zuwa babban birni ɗauke da ƙuruciyarsa a cikin alƙalaminsa, kuma ɗauke da gidan kayan gargajiya wanda ya karkata zuwa soyayya, farin ciki da annashuwa. Mahaifin mawaki ba ya son baiwar sa ta waka, hakan ya kawo bambance-bambance a tsakanin su. Sakamakon rashin jituwa tare da mahaifinsa, Ricardo ya yanke shawarar ɗaukar sunan Pablo Neruda, sunan karya wanda ya kasance tare da shi har zuwa karshen kuma a wancan lokacin ya 'yanta shi daga kararrakin dangi. Hazikin mawakin ya shahara, har ta kai ga, yana dan shekara 16, a 1921, ya lashe gasar waka ta farko.

Ayyukansa na farko

Salon Pablo Neruda Abun fashewa ne, saurayin ya fara rubutu da wasa, kuma karin gishirin da yake nuna shi a wancan lokacin shine tauraruwarsa ta rayuwa. Misali, Magariba (1923) an haifeshi ne a tsakiyar wannan gano abubuwan da yake ji da shi.

Gaba, matashin mawaki mamakin al'ummomin adabi tare da ɗayan kyawawan ayyukan sayarwa a cikin harshen Sifaniyanci: 20 baitocin soyayya da waka mai soyuwa (1924). Wannan aikin ya kutsa cikin duniyar wasiƙu kuma ya buɗe ƙofofin nasara ga matashin marubucin.

Mawakin avant-garde

Abubuwan Nerudian a hankali sun fara nuna sabuwar fuska. Neruda's avant-garde ya kasance cikin ma'anar tsarin waƙa, a cikin rikicewar nasa kerawa, a cikin 'yancin tunaninsa da kuma cikin matukar damuwa ga al'amuran zamantakewa. Wannan mawaƙin, a cikin tarihin rayuwar sa, ya ba da tabbacin: "Ba shi yiwuwa a rufe ƙofar titi a cikin waƙoƙin na." A wannan gaba, Ricardo Reyes ya fara fahimtar cewa Neruda ya zama wani abu bayan suna: sananne.

Canjin yanayi, canjin hangen nesa na rayuwa

To, Yayin da yake wucewa daga kwanciyar hankali na Parral, garin haihuwarsa, zuwa makwabcin cewa zuwan aikinsa na diflomasiyya a duniya ya bashi, mawaƙin duniya ya fito, mai tara abubuwa, mawaki tare da kallon kumbura, Latin Amurkawa wadanda suka rubuta Janar waka kuma mai karɓar kyautar Nobel ta Adabi a cikin 1971. Watau, daga abin da aka manta da shi Ricardo sai aka yi tsalle zuwa tsarkakakken Pablo.

Neruda matakan kirkire-kirkire guda huɗu

Rayuwar Pablo Neruda ta kasance tana da matakan matakai huɗu na kirkire-kirkire, kowannensu ya daidaita da yanayin da ya kewaye shi.. Da farko dai, yarintarsa ​​a Parral da farkon shekarun sa a Santiago, wanda ya bayyana mawaƙin soyayya mai tasirin tasirin zamani na Rubén Darío. A mataki na biyu, matakin aikinsa: Kasancewa a duniya (1937), wanda ke nuna zaman sa a Burma, Colombo da Holland inda ya yi kwangilar farkon auren sa uku. Na uku, matakin siyasarsa wanda, daga 1937, ya kasance har zuwa mutuwarsa. A cikin wannan matakin ƙarshe littafin littattafai ya bambanta da aikin Nerudian: Janar waka (1950).

A wannan ma'anar, lokacin da ake magana game da lokaci na huɗu a cikin aikin Neruda, ya kamata a rarraba kulawa ta musamman da ya ba wa mafi "ƙananan abubuwa". Abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin aikin Neruda sun ta'allaka ne da gaskiyar yau da kullun, ga gida, ga al'amuran titi, ga komai. Waƙinsa a cikin wannan ma'anar ya bayyana a cikin Elemental Odes. Misali, a cikin '' Ode to the Artichoke '', ba wai kawai kowa ya juya tsire-tsire zuwa jarumi wanda yake mafarkin mayaƙa kuma ya ƙare cikin kwanciyar hankali na tukunya ba. Hazakar Neruda, ba tare da wata shakka ba, ta yi rawa don sautin yanayinsa. Ana kuma iya sanya musu suna: Ode ga iska, Ode ga albasa, Ode ga gini, Ode don hassada, Ode ga baƙin ciki, Ode ga lambobi, Ode zuwa agogo da dare, da sauransu.

Neruda da matansa uku

Neruda tana da mata uku: María Antonieta Hagenaar, wacce ta sadu da ita a Java, Delia del Carril, wacce duk da shekarunta 50 sun yi nasarar kame Pablo 'yar shekara 30, da kuma Matilde Urrutia, mai jinya da magidanci wanda ya kula da shi don phlebitis yayin da yake Mexico. Ga na biyun sai ya sadaukar da tarin wakokinsa Ayoyin kaftin, littafi ne wanda ya kasu kashi bakwai kuma inda kowannensu ya bayyana jerin, a cewar mawaki, na dukkan alakar soyayya: "Soyayya", "Sha'awa", "Fury", "Rayuwa", "Ode da germinations", " Epitalamio "da" Harafin akan hanya ".

Wakoki daga Pablo Neruda

A ƙasa akwai waƙoƙin Pablo Neruda guda uku, wannan hazakar baitin:

Angela Adonica

Yau na miqe kusa da wata tsarkakakkiyar budurwa
kamar a bakin tekun farin teku,
kamar a tsakiyar tauraruwa mai kuna
jinkirin sarari

Na dogon kallon sa
haske ya faɗi kamar busasshiyar ruwa,
a cikin zurfin zurfin da'ira
na sabo ƙarfi.

Kirjinsa kamar wutar harshen wuta biyu
ya ƙone a yankuna biyu da aka tashe,
kuma a cikin kogi biyu ya kai ga ƙafafunsa,
babba kuma bayyananne.

Yanayin zinare bai isa sosai ba
tsayin kwanakin jikinsa
ciko shi da yayan itacen
da ɓoyayyen wuta.

Amor

Mata, da na zama ɗanka, don na sha ka
Madarar nono kamar bazara
don kallon ku da jin ku a gefena kuma na same ku
a cikin dariya ta zinare da muryar lu'ulu'u.
Domin jin ku a jijiyoyina kamar Allah a cikin rafuka
kuma kauna da ku a cikin baƙin ƙasusuwa na ƙura da lemun tsami,
saboda kasancewarka zai wuce ba tare da ciwo kusa da ni ba
kuma ya fito a cikin stanza -tsarkaran dukkan sharri-.

Ta yaya zan san yadda zan ƙaunace ku, mace, ta yaya zan sani
son ka, son ka kamar wanda ba wanda ya sani!
Mutu kuma har yanzu
na kara kaunarku.
Duk da haka
na kara kaunarku
kuma mafi

Unguwa ba tare da haske ba

Shin shayari na abubuwa yana tafiya
ko rayuwata ba za ta iya tarawa ba?
Jiya-kallo a daren karshe-
Na kasance ɓangaren gansakuka a cikin wasu kango.

Garuruwa -rashi da fansa-,
da ƙazantar launin toka na gefen gari,
ofishin da ya tanƙwara baya,
shugaba mai ido mai duhu.

Jinin ja a kan tsaunuka,
jini a kan tituna da murabba'ai,
zafi na karya zukata,
Zan ruɓe da nishaɗi da hawaye.

Wani kogi ya mamaye yankin gari
kamar hannu mai kankara wanda ke jaraba cikin duhu:
A kan ruwanta sun ji kunya
don ganin taurari.

Da kuma gidajen da suke boye sha'awa
a bayan windows masu haske,
yayin da yake wajen iska
kawo ɗan laka ga kowane fure.

Away ... hazo na mantuwa
Hayaki mai zafi, karyewar ruwa,,
da filin, wato ciyawar da suke shaka
da shanu da maza masu gumi.

Ga ni nan, na tsiro a cikin kango,
ciji kawai baƙin ciki,
kamar kuka iri ne
kuma ni kaɗai ce faɗuwa a duniya.

Neruda, alkalami wanda ya tsara komai

Pablo Neruda ya kasance mawaƙin duniya ne saboda ya rubuta wa duk abin da yake, ga tambayoyi, zuwa amsoshi, ga tabbaci, ga karya, zuwa rashin fahimta, zuwa adalci, ga dabi'u. Haka kuma, bai bar abubuwan da ya gabata a cikin ayar tasa ba, da damuwar da ya samu a yanzu da kuma rudu na rayuwarsa.

Har ila yau ya rera wakar sanadin, siyasa, mutum, yarinta, samartaka, farin ciki da rashin tausayi. Koyaya, babban abin ban mamaki shine barin abubuwanda ya kirkira masu wuyar fahimta wanda muke ci gaba da ganowa har yau. Wannan na ƙarshen ne ya sa ya zama mawaƙin da ba zai yiwu ba zuwa kasida.

Tarihin Pablo Neruda

Yakamata a ambaci wasiƙun nasa na musamman, a ciki akwai wasikun da aka aika zuwa ga soyayya tun yana karami, Albertina Azocar, wasikun zuwa ga danginsa, zuwa ga abokinsa Héctor Eandi da kuma wasikun soyayya zuwa Matilde Urrutia. Dangane da mutumin da ya kasance babbar ƙauna ta ƙarshe ga rayuwarsa, ya rubuta masa wasiƙa mai kwanan wata 21 ga Disamba, 1950 kuma ya faɗi haka: “Idan ka zo, za ka iya dogaro da ni in kawar da fushina. Ina matukar bukatar ku. Yanzu kar ka kara rubuta min sirri. Amsa mani gaba ɗaya game da rayuwar ku da ayyukan ku ”. A bayyane yake, an lura cewa ba ya son ci gaba da ɓoye wannan dangantakar da Urrutia.

Isla Negra, tashar jirgin ruwa ta karshe

Baya ga ayyukan da aka riga aka ambata sunayensu, ana iya ambata waɗannan masu zuwa: Magariba, Bankwana da kuka, Mai majajjawa mai zafin rai, Inabi da Iska, Estravagario, Kewayawa da dawowar, Sonnets ɗari na Loveaunada kuma Tunawa da Isla Negra. Game da Isla Negra, inda aka binne gawarsa, a can ne inda ya rubuta: "Wannan shi ne ni, zan ce, in bar wannan rubutaccen zancen: wannan ita ce rayuwata.". A bayyane yake, wannan rukunin waƙoƙin ya fara matakinsa na ƙarshe kuma ya rage ga masu karatun karni na XNUMX su ci gaba da bincika babbar duniyar Nerudian.

Neruda da haɓaka abubuwa da abubuwa

Tare da waƙoƙin Pablo Neruda komai ya ɗauki sabon ma'ana, ayoyin dusar ƙanƙara sun tashi, shudayen launuka sun malalo kuma katantanwa na Tekun Pacific. Tare da Neruda, saukakkun mazaje suna ci gaba da tashi, idanun damuwa, gidajen da aka lalata, kwayayen da ke cike da kwai. Saboda haka, ba zai yuwu a sanya kasida wanda ya rubuta kusan komai kuma har yanzu yana ci gaba da rubutu ba tare da rubutu ba.