Wakoki daga Mario Benedetti

Wakokin Mario Benedetti sun nuna wata alama a tarihin adabi na nahiyar Amurka da ma kan iyakokinta. Wannan dan Uruguay din Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun marubutan Spain, tare da lakabin da aka buga sama da 80 wanda ya shafi kowane nau'I da salon adabi. Rubuce-rubucensa sun wuce don isa ga masu karanta shi da kambi mai sauƙi, amma an ɗora su da ta musamman.

Game da gudummawar da ya bayar wa duniyar adabi, Remedios Mataix, PhD a fannin Hispanic Philology a Jami'ar Alicante, ya ce: “Aikin Benedetti ya saba wa duk wani yunƙuri na sanya marubucin, kuma ya wadatar da kowane nau'in da yake aiwatarwa tare da ƙwarewar da aka samu a cikin wasu".

Yara, matasa da kuma wahayi

Mario Benedetti An haifeshi ne a ranar 14 ga Satumbar, 1920, a Paso de los Toros, Tacuarembó, Jamhuriyar Gabashin Uruguay. Jim kaɗan kafin ya cika shekaru 4, danginsa suka ƙaura zuwa Montevideo, inda mawaƙin ya yi tsawon rayuwarsa. A cikin babban birnin Uruguay ya rubuta baitukan sa na farko da labarai yayin da ya yi karatun firamare a Makarantar Jamusanci.

Lokaci ne mai wahala ga danginsa daga mahangar tattalin arziki. Da kyar ya iya karatun shekara guda a Liceo Miranda, saboda da zarar ya kasance goma sha huɗu an tilasta masa yin aiki awowi takwas a rana a cikin shagon kayan mota. Dole ne a kammala karatun sakandare a matsayin ɗalibi na kyauta.

Koyaya, saurayi Mario yayi amfani da yanayin don sanin dalla-dalla duniyar launin toka ofisoshin Montevideo, wanda aka nuna a cikin labaransa da yawa daga baya. Gabaɗaya, wallafe-wallafen ɗan ƙasa shine matsakaiciyar marubuci ɗan ƙasar Uruguay don watsa tunaninsa ga masu karatu masu magana da Sifaniyanci kuma - saboda fassarorinsa - a duk duniya.

Tasiri kan aikin Benedetti

Ba abin mamaki bane don haka da yawa daga haruffa almara da kuma wuraren labarinsu suna dacewa da bayanan Montevideo. Shigar sa da wuri a cikin kasuwar kwadago bai hana shi ci gaba da karatu da rubutu ba. Daga cikin waɗancan marubutan na farko waɗanda suka rinjayi shi kuma suka yi masa wahayi sun haɗa da Maupassant, Horacio Quiroga, da Chejov.

Daga baya a cikin samartakan sa ya ci gaba a matsayin mai son "cin abincin littafi”Karanta manyan mutane kamar Faulkner, Hemingway, Virginia Woolf, Henry James Proust, Joyce da Italo Svevo. Sannan ya shiga cikin adabin Latin Amurka da abubuwan siyasa tare da Peruvian César Vallejo da Baldomero Fernández Moreno na Argentina a matsayin manyan sanannun tasiri.

Rayuwa a Buenos Aires

Tsakanin 1938 da 1941 ya rayu mafi yawan lokuta a Buenos Aires. A cikin babban birnin Ajantina ya yi aiki azaman mai ba da labari a cikin gidan buga littattafai. Benedetti da kansa ya ba da labarin a wata hira da aka yi a 1984 cewa Plaza San Martín shine wurin da ya yanke shawarar zama marubuci.

A cikin 1945 ya shiga ƙungiyar edita ta Marcha, sanannen mako ne a lokacin har zuwa rufewarsa a 1974 saboda dalilai na siyasa. A waccan shekarar ya fara horo a matsayin ɗan jarida tare da Carlos Quijano sannan kuma ya rubuta littafinsa na farko na waƙoƙi mai suna La víspera indelble, wanda aka buga a 1945.

Matrimonio

Mario Benedetti ya auri Luz López Alegre a 1946, abokin rayuwarta kuma "madawwami gidan tarihi" har zuwa mutuwarta a ranar 13 ga Afrilu, 2006, wacce aka kamu da cutar Alzheimer. Reflectedaunar wannan babbar dangantakar ta bayyana a cikin waƙinsa "Boda de Perlas", wanda aka ciro daga La casa y el brick (1977).

Halayen aikinsa

Daga cikin halaye na musamman na Mario Benedetti za a iya ambata: keɓancewa, wuce gona da iri, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo sun kasance adadi ne na adabi. Abubuwan gogewa da abubuwan rayuwar yau da kullun suna bayyana a cikin jigogin su a bayyane, ko kuma, a bayyane, tare da bayyane ko masu jan hankali.

Hakazalika, amfani da harshe mai amfani (da zagi, misali) yana da yalwa don samarda ganewa tare da mai karatu. Yana gabatar da yanayi na ban dariya sabanin damuwa, wanda abin dariya yake da alaƙa da damuwa. Hakanan, Benedetti yayi amfani da abin da ake kira waƙoƙin tuhuma don kiyaye hankalin mai karatu a cikin ayyukan na gaba.

I mana, kusan koyaushe yana ƙara wasu shafar wahayi na surrealist, na musamman ga "shayari"benedettiana". Saƙon nasa ya haifar da daɗaɗawa tsakanin masu karatu na kowane zamani saboda nuna rashin tabbas na ɗabi'a da siyasa.

Amma mai da hankali kawai ga wannan ɓangaren marubucin ɗan ƙasar Uruguay hanya ce ta yin nazarin sa ta hanyar da ba ta son zuciya ba, tunda tsarin rubuce-rubucensa (musamman waƙinsa) yana nuna zurfin wanzuwar falsafa, tare da manyan matsaloli daga mahangar zamantakewar, ruhaniya, halayyar mutum da kuma addini.

Nazarin wasu fitattun waƙoƙin Mario Benedetti

Sha'awa

Lokacin muna yara

tsoffin sun kasance kamar talatin

kududdufi ya kasance teku

mutuwa bayyananne da sauki

bai wanzu ba

daga baya lokacin da mutane

tsofaffin mutanen mutane arba'in ne

kandami ya kasance teku

mutuwa kawai

kalma

lokacin da zamuyi aure

dattawan suna cikin hamsin

wani tabki ya kasance teku

mutuwa mutuwa ce

na wasu

yanzu tsofaffi

mun riga mun riski gaskiya

teku daga karshe teku ce

amma mutuwa ta fara zama

namu.

Sha'awa waka ce da aka yi ta da baqi hudu, kowane mai baiti biyar. Mitarsa ​​ba shi da tsari, kodayake, ayoyin da ke kyauta suna watsa wani yanayi. Kowane ɗayan yanayi yana da alaƙa da mataki a cikin rayuwar ɗan adam (ƙuruciya, samartaka, balaga da tsufa).

En Sha'awa, Mariya Benedetti ya nutsar da kansa a cikin wani jigon rayuwa game da halayyar mutum da fahimtarsa yayin da shekaru suke tafiya, tun daga yarinta har zuwa tsufa kuma daga karshe mutuwa. Salon waƙar an haɗa shi - a bayyane - ta wani saurayi mai matsakaicin shekaru wanda ya rigaya ya bar lalata yara samari a cikin wani yanayi na baƙin ciki.

Ku farka, soyayya

Bonjour buon giorno guten morgen,

tashi soyayya da lura,

kawai a cikin duniya ta uku

yara dubu arba'in ke mutuwa a rana,

a cikin sararin samaniya mai kyau

bama-bamai da ungulu ke tashi,

miliyan hudu suna da cutar kanjamau

kwaɗayi ya ƙaru da Amazon.

Ina kwana barka da asuba,

a kan kwamfutocin kaka

babu sauran gawawwaki daga Ruwanda

masu tsatstsauran ra'ayi suna yanka

kasashen waje,

shugaban Kirista yayi wa'azi game da kwaroron roba,

Havelange ya shake Maradona

mai farin ciki da jin daɗi

Italiyanci mai ban sha'awa

rashin jin daɗin rayuwa

opus dei ina kwana.

Ku farka, soyayya aiki ne mai ban sha'awa wanda ke nuna albarkatun adabi da yawa don nuna irin ta'asar da al'ummar wannan zamani suke yi: yaƙe-yaƙe, annoba, bala'o'in muhalli, da kuma wautar tsattsauran ra'ayin addini.

A cikin wannan baitin Benedetti yayi ƙoƙari ya girgiza mai karatu ta hanyar yi masa magana a farkon mutum yayin da ake yin lalata da diflomasiyyar duniya da wasanni a matsayin makamin cire hankali.

Wakokin Mario Benedetti: gado ne ga tarihi

Wakokin Benedetti babban misali ne na kyakkyawar umarnin haruffa da kyakkyawan lura da yanayin. Idan muka kara da cewa kasancewar marubuci ya karanta kowane littafi mai kyau da ya ci karo da shi kuma ya tsara salonsa tare da tunani da hangen nesan marubutan, to hangen da za a iya yi wa mawaki ya karu. Ba a banza ba tarihinsa na waƙa yana cikin mafi kyawun litattafan waqoqi a tarihi.

Gaskiyar ita ce Ba za ku iya magana game da waƙoƙin Latin Amurka ba tare da ambaton sunan ta ba, kuma cewa zai kasance a tarihin haruffa, a kowane Ranar waka, har sai ba a sake rubutawa ba; haka girman gadon sa yake.