Kalmomi daga Félix Lope de Vega.
matar banza Yana ɗayan manyan samfuran wasan kwaikwayo da aka haɓaka yayin Zamanin Zinaren Mutanen Espanya. Wannan aikin da Lope de Vega ya kirkira an gama shi a ranar 28 ga Afrilu, 1613 (bisa ga asalin rubutun). Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, an sake shi a kan mataki a ranar 14 ga Oktoba na waccan shekarar, a ƙarƙashin jagorancin kamfanin Pedro de Valdés.
Kamar yawancin ɓangarorin da suka sami rashin mutuwa, rubutu ne kafin lokacinsa. A cikin makircinsa, an gabatar da tambayoyin da ba za a iya tunaninsu ba a cikin al'ummomin Sifen bayan Renaissance. Daga cikin wadannan, mafi dacewa shine menene matsayin mata a cikin al'umma.
Marubucin, Lope de Vega
An haife shi a Madrid a ranar 25 ga Nuwamba, 1562. Yana daga cikin fitattun marubuta a adabin duniya. An yaba masa da "dogaye" guda uku da gajerun litattafai guda huɗu, almara tara, waƙoƙi masu fa'ida guda uku, wasu nan wakoki 3000 da ɗaruruwan wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo. A cewar mawaƙin ɗan Spain kuma marubucin wasan kwaikwayo Juan Pérez Montalbán, jimillar gutsuttsun da suka rubuta Lope da Vega wajen 1800.
Tare da Tirso de Molina da Calderón de la Barca, yana wakiltar zenith na gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Baroque a Spain. Ba a taɓa ganin halinsa ba, ya kulla manyan abota tare da siffofin Francisco de Quevedo da Juan Luis Alarcón. Haka kuma, ya kasance "abokin hamayya" na Miguel de Cervantes, (marubucin Don Quixote ya kira shi "dodo na dabi'a") kuma yana da ƙiyayya ƙwarai da Luis de Góngora.
El Phoenix de da hankali
Tasirin mawaƙin Madrid kuma marubucin wasan kwaikwayo a tsakanin al'ummar Sifen ya kai ga har ya karɓi "girmamawa" kasancewarsa jarumi mai akida. "Na yi imani da madaukaki Lope de Vega, mawaƙin sama da ƙasa" ... Tabbas, binciken - cikakke "ɗaukaka" a wannan lokacin - ba zai iya tsayawa a tsaye ba. Dangane da haka, an dakatar da ode a 1647.
Masana a cikin aikin nasa sun tabbatar da cewa marubucin ya shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo. Yayi hakan ne ta hanyar sunan karya na Berlardo, wani yanayi ne mai maimaitarwa a cikin kayansa da kuma cikin tatsuniyar wasu mawallafa. A wannan ma'anar, yanki ya fita waje Phoenix na wayoyi rubuta a cikin 1853 na Tomás Rodríguez Rubí. Har ma ya kasance yana cikin silima tare da fim ɗin da A. Waddington ya yi, lope (2010).
Rayuwa mai cike da tangles
Rayuwarsa cike take da lamuran soyayya da yawa. Da yawa daga cikinsu sun sa shi yin suna saboda shagaltar da shi don cutar da karatunsa ko nauyinsa a Kotun. M, an kore shi daga Masarautar Castile saboda rubuta jerin kalamai ga daya daga cikin masoyansa, wanda ya yi watsi da shi ya ɗaura aure bisa larurar tattalin arziki.
Felix Lope de Vega.
Rubutun hannu na matar banza ya kuma tsinci kansa a tsakiyar waɗannan abubuwan haɗuwa. Kodayake ba duk masana tarihi suka yarda da wannan zato ba, ana da'awar cewa asalin rubutu kyauta ce daga marubucin wasan kwaikwayo ga masoyinsa, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Jerónima de Burgos, matar darektan gidan wasan kwaikwayo Pedro de Valdés.
matar banza... ko karfin ilimi na soyayya
Lope de Vega ya haɓaka takaddama game da jarumawa biyu, 'yan'uwan juna mata Nise da Finea. Sun yanke shawara don fuskantar machismo mai rinjaye a cikin al'ummar Iberiya, kowanne yana bin dabaru daban-daban. A ƙarshe, dukansu sun faɗa cikin miƙa wuya ga ikon ƙauna. A gefe guda, Phinea ya yi kira ga hankalinsa kuma ya dogara sosai da “ikonsa” na ilimi.
Don fuskantar rashin son rashin lafiyar zama mace, Finea an sadaukar da ita ga rubutu cikin kusan tilasta hanya. A wannan bangaren, nisa daidai roko ga hankali, amma nuna kamar wawa ne da butulci (A bayyane yake zane ne na ɓangare na uku). Koyaya, zurfin halayyar sa wani ɓangare ne na babban shirin tsere tare da shi.
Matan banza.
Kuna iya siyan littafin anan: matar banza
Catarfin ƙarfin kishi?
A wannan gaba, an nuna ingancin Lope de Vega game da sauran masu ilimi na zamaninsa. Da kyau, yana gabatar da kishi a matsayin ɓangaren ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin makircin. Ya saba wa yawancin sassan wannan salon da aka rubuta a farkon karni na sha bakwai. Domin yawanci cudanya kawai bata da soyayya da soyayya.
Ta hanyar kishi, marubucin haifaffen Madrid ya binciko abubuwan da ke cikin halayen halayensa. Bayan haka, ya karye ne tare da tunanin wasu wawaye mata marasa tunani, ko kuma wadanda aka yanke wa hukuncin rashin aure mara kunya. A gefe guda kuma, Nise da Finea suna da girma daban-daban, mutane ne, ba caricatures kawai ba don neman murmushi mai ƙayatarwa daga masu sauraro.
An ba da lada naivety
Wani ɓangare na rikice-rikice tsakanin 'yan uwa mata na matar banza suna mai da hankali kan kyaututtukan da ɗayan da ɗayan suka nuna. Yayinda Nise's - ya gada daga mahaifinta, mai martaba Octavio - yana da ladabi, Finea's yana da ban sha'awa. Bambancin shine cewa na farko yana da hankali ƙwarai, halayyar ɗabi'a mai ban sha'awa ga kowane mai neman aure.
Ba kamar ta biyu ba, mara hankali, tana buƙatar ƙarin taimako a cikin yunƙarinta na neman namiji mai gaskiya. Ko kuma aƙalla wannan shi ne tunanin ɗayan baffansa don ba shi irin wannan "biyan diyya ta musamman." Saboda haka, kuɗin da aka karɓa saboda "butulcinku" yana da kyau sosai.
Matsayin sauyawa
Rikici da cuwa cuwa sun bayyana yayin da masu neman aurensu suka fara soyayya da 'yan matan budurwansu. A farkon lamarin, Phiseus, wani attajiri ne wanda mahaifinsa ya amince da alaƙar sa da Finea, amma ba tare da sanin matar da ke magana a baya ba.
Sannan Laurencio ya bayyana -wani wani mutum (talaka), wanda ya ƙaunaci Nisa saboda waƙarsa - wanda ya yanke shawarar cin nasarar surukarsa, ta hanyar kuɗi. A can ne lokacin da hankalin "bacci" na "wawa" ya fito, yana ba mutanen gari da baƙi mamaki, mafi ƙanwarsa. Don kara dagula lamura, jaruman sun yarda da musanyar da za ta basu damar ganin burinsu ya cika.
Aikin da har yanzu yake aiki
Bayan ƙimar darajar tarihin da ba ta da shakku, Lope de Vega gabaɗaya kuma matar banza musamman, sun kasance cikin karfi ƙarnuka da yawa daga baya. Wasan kwaikwayo yana murna da matsayinsa mai mahimmanci - a tsakanin dariya - akan machismo. Wanne yana wakiltar tsoro na gaskiya a cikin al'umma mai ra'ayin mazan jiya wanda nacewar sa mafi girma shine sanya Allah a tsakiyar komai.