Edgar Allan Poe ya faɗi.
Don yin magana game da labarun Edgar Allan Poe (1809 - 1849) shine bincika aikin ɗaya daga cikin mawallafin wallafe-wallafen Turanci mara mutuwa. Ko da yake ya mutu yana ƙanana—yana da shekaru 40—ya iya buga labarai ashirin da shida, guntun wakoki talatin da biyu, kasidu tara masu mahimmanci, da kuma labari. Daga cikin waɗannan, gajeriyar asirinsa da labarun ban tsoro sun shahara musamman.
Har ila yau, Ana ɗaukar marubucin ɗan Boston a matsayin farkon nau'ikan labari guda biyu: littafin laifuffuka da labarin almara na kimiyya. Saboda haka, ba shi yiwuwa a tsere wa tasirin Poe a kan marubuta da masu fasaha marasa adadi. A gaskiya ma, tasirinsa a kan shahararrun al'adu (musamman ma a cikin archetype na mai binciken zamani) yana ci gaba har yau.
Takaitaccen tarihin labarai guda biyar na Edgar Allan Poe
"A mafarki"
Mafarki — sunan asali a cikin Ingilishi — shine labari na farko da marubucin Arewacin Amurka ya buga, wanda ya sanya hannu tare da “P” mai sauƙi. Wani mai ba da labari na farko ne ke ɗauke da labarin wanda ya gamu da cuɗanya da yanayin farkawa da mafarki. tare da lokutan haske da bege. Da yawa daga cikin mafarkan fitaccen jarumin duhu ne, wasu kuma suna da kyau sosai, amma ba wani bakon abu a gare shi.
A cikin layi daya, mai ba da labari yana jin rashin jin daɗi da ainihin rayuwarsa, wanda a cikinta yake ɗauke da mummunan zato da alaƙa mai guba ga abubuwan da suka gabata.. Yana jin daɗi ne kawai yayin da yake farke lokacin da haske ya jagorance shi zuwa ga tabbatacce kuma tsaftataccen motsin rai. A ƙarshe, mai magana yana ba da ma'ana ga waɗannan ƙwaƙƙwaran wahayi na rana fiye da hasken safiya bayan dare na mafarkai.
"Laifi na morgue Street"
Kisan a Rue Morgue Rubutun tushe ne don nau'in labari na laifi. Dalili: Auguste Dupin, mai binciken zamani na farko a cikin almara, an gabatar da shi a karon farko a cikin wannan labarin. Hakazalika, wannan hali shine samfurin kafa na mai bincike bisa la'akari da hankali da bincike na kimiyya don warware batutuwa.
Labarin ya ta'allaka ne kan kisan gillar da aka yi wa wasu mata biyu da ke cikin daki a kulle. Daga nan Dupin ya fara aiki lokacin da aka tsara wani na kusa da shi don kisan kai. Don warware asirin, ya zama dole don gano yadda mai aikata laifin ya tsere, ƙayyade asalin tashin hankali da kuma bayyana murya mai ban mamaki a cikin harshen waje wanda shaidun da suka rikice suka ji.
"Asirin Marie Rogêt"
Sirrin Marie Roget wakiltar bayyanar na biyu na Auguste Dupin (na uku kuma na ƙarshe yana cikin "Wasiƙar Purloined"). Makircin ya fara a 1841 tare da gano jikin Mary Rogers — wata shahararriyar yarinya mai ban sha'awa wadda ke aiki a kantin taba- akan kogin hudson. Mutuwar ta jawo sha'awar jama'a tare da bullowar ka'idoji daban-daban, tsegumi har ma da shaidar karya.
Bugu da kari, kisan da ango Maryam ya yi yana kara hasashe. Kafin haka, Dupin yana jagorantar mai karatu da hannu a cikin cikakken sake gina kisan, tun daga tsarin suturar wanda aka kashe har zuwa jigilar ta zuwa kogin. Don haka ne wasu masana ilimi suka bayyana a cikin wannan labarin manufa biyu: na sage da ilmantarwa.
"The Black Cat"
Da farko, jarumin—a gidan yari—ya yi iƙirarin cewa yana da hankali sa’ad da ya kwatanta yadda wanzuwarsa ta tashi a cikin wuta. Hakazalika, wannan hali ya yi iƙirarin cewa shi mai son dabba ne tun yana ƙuruciya (wani sha'awar da aka raba da matarsa). Saboda haka, shi da abokin aikinsa suna da gida mai cike da dabbobi, ciki har da wani baƙar fata mai haziƙanci mai suna Pluto.
Duk da haka, lokacin da ya sha barasa ya zama jiki da magana mai tsanani ga matarsa da dabbobin gida. Mataimakin ya damu mutumin da feline kuma ya fara shakkar duk abin da ke kewaye da shi. Ta wannan hanyar, an saita yanayin ƙara duhu wanda ba makawa ya haifar da sakamako mai haɓaka gashi.
"The Tell-Tale Heart"
Zuciyar-Ga-labarin ya biyo bayan wani mai ba da labari wanda ba a san shi ba wanda ya dage a kan hayyacinsa duk da cewa ya kashe wani dattijo da "idon ungulu". Kisan kisa ne mai sanyi; Bayan cinyewa, jarumin ya yayyage gawar kuma ya ɓoye guntuwar a ƙarƙashin allon bene.
Sai dai kuma laifin ya sa mawallafin ya ba da kansa saboda tauye; wai har yanzu wanda ya yi kisan zai iya jin bugun zuciyar marigayin. Bayan haka, Ba a taba bayyana alakar da ke tsakanin wanda aka azabtar da wanda ya aikata laifin ba, haka nan ma’anar bakon ido. Akasin haka, an fallasa bayanan laifin da aka yi dalla-dalla.
Game da marubucin, Edgar Allan Poe
Haihuwa da yarinta
Edgar Allan Poe.
A Boston, Massachusetts, ranar Alhamis, Janairu 9, 1809, an haifi Edgar Allan Poe. Shi ne auta a cikin yara uku da David Poe Jr. ya haifa daga Baltimore da Elizabeth Arnold Poe daga Biritaniya (dukansu 'yan wasan kwaikwayo ne). A hakika, mawakin bai taba sanin iyayensa bada kyau uba ya bar gida jim kadan da haihuwa marubuci kuma Mahaifiyar ta mutu da tarin fuka a shekara ta 1812.
Saboda wannan dalili, ƙaramin Edgar ya ciyar da sauran ƙuruciyarsa da samartaka a Richmond, Virginia. can kumaYa kasance ƙarƙashin kulawar John Allan, ɗan kasuwa mai cin nasara mai sayar da taba, da matarsa, Frances, wanda ya kulla alaka ta kud da kud da shi. A gefe guda kuma, dangantakar da mai koyar da shi ta yi wuya, tun da yake yana son Poe ya ci gaba da kasuwancin iyali duk da irin waƙar waƙar da yaron ya yi.
Karatun jami'a, wallafe-wallafen farko da ƙwarewar soja
a 1826, Poe ya fara halartar Jami'ar Virginia, inda ya sami kyakkyawan maki. Amma bai sami isassun kuɗi daga Allan ba—hakika, al’amuran kuɗi koyaushe suna haifar da rashin jituwa tsakanin marubucin da mai koyar da shi—don rufe karatunsa. Don haka ne matashin mai wasiƙa ya fara yin caca, amma ya ci bashi ya koma gidan malamansa.
A Virginia, an sami sabon koma-baya: makwabcinsa da amininsa, Sarah Elmira Royster, sun yi aure da wani. Bacin rai, Poe ya ɗan ɗan yi zama a Norfolk kafin zuwansa Boston, inda ya buga littafinsa na farko: Tamerlane da sauran wakoki (1827). Lokaci ne mai wahala a gare shi. da farko ya yi ƙoƙarin yin rayuwa daga aikin jarida sannan ya shiga aikin sojan Amurka.
Matrimonio
A cikin shekarun 1930s Poe ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida kuma mai suka tare da ƙaƙƙarfan niyyarsa na ci gaba da rubutu kawai. Mafi yawan rubuce-rubucensa sun samo asali ne daga 1835 godiya ga goyon bayan hamshakan attajirai kamar John P. Kennedy. A wannan shekarar ya auri dan uwansa mai shekaru 13, Virginia Eliza Clemm (ko da yake rikodin ya nuna cewa tana da shekaru 21).
Shekarun da suka gabata
A gaskiya Fada bai taba daidaita kudadensa ba; ya yawaita yin shaye-shaye (mafi yawan shaye-shaye). Bugu da ƙari, lokacin da matarsa ta mutu da tarin fuka a 1847, ma'auratan sun shiga cikin damuwa. Daga karshe, bayan wasu yunƙurin sake yin aure da ba su yi nasara ba. mawaƙin ya rasu a ranar 7 ga Oktoba, 1849 saboda dalilan da ba a taɓa yin cikakken bayani ba sai yau.
Duk labarun Edgar Allan Poe
- "A Dream", 1831
- Metzengerstein, 1832
- "Rubutun da aka samo a cikin kwalba", 1833
- "Sarkin annoba", 1835
- Bernice, 1835
- Lijiya, 1838
- "Faɗuwar Gidan Usher", 1839
- William Wilson, 1839
- "Man of the Crowd", 1840
- "Tsarin zuwa Maelström", 1841
- "Kisan gillar Rue Morgue", 1841
- "The Masque of Red Death", 1842
- "The Pit and the Pendulum, 1842
- "The Oval Portrait", 1842
- "Golden Beetle", 1843
- "Asirin Marie Rogêt", 1843
- "Black Cat", 1843
- "The Tell-Tale Heart", 1843
- "The oblong akwatin", 1844
- "Haruffa Mai Tsarki", 1844
- "The Premature Burial", 1844
- "Aljanin Karɓa", 1845
- "Gaskiya game da lamarin Mr. Valdemar", 1845
- "Tsarin Dr. Tarr da Farfesa Fether", 1845
- "The Cask na Amontillado", 1846
- "Hop-Frog", 1849.