Tarihin rayuwar Rubén Darío

Tarihin marubucin Nicaraguan Rubén Darío

Shin kuna neman tarihin rayuwar Rubén Darío? Nicaraguan Ruben Dario ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin mawaƙan Mutanen Spain-Ba-Amurke waɗanda suka fi ya kawo sauyi a waƙar Castilian da wakarsa. Hakanan za'a iya cewa tare da shi mai zamani, kasancewar shi kansa babban mai tallata ta.

Rubén Darío ba sunan daidai bane. Sunan sa na gaske shine Mai farin ciki Rubén García Sarmiento, amma ya ɗauki sunan laƙabi da Darío saboda tare da laƙabi ne aka san mahaifinsa. Rubén ya fara yin rubutu bisa al'ada, kamar dai rubuta waƙoƙi abu ne na al'ada a wancan lokacin da kuma a muhallinsa (elegies ga mamacin, odes to nasarori, da dai sauransu), amma tare da sauƙi mai ban mamaki yayin tsara baiti tare da kari kuma yana karanta su.

Rayuwarsa ba sauki ko kadan. Ya girma cikin saɓanin rikice-rikicen dangi wanda ya haifar da shi ya tsere a rubuce, don haka ya ƙirƙira wata kyakkyawar soyayya da mafarki a cikin duk abubuwanda ya tsara.

Shekaru da dama sun shude kuma an kira Rubén Darío don ya kawo sauyi a cikin fassarar ayar Castilian kuma ya cika duniya da adabin Spanish-American da sabbin abubuwan rudu.

"Ana ganin furanni masu ban mamaki
a cikin ɗaukaka mai ɗauke da shuɗi
kuma daga cikin sihirtattun rassa, da
papemores, wanda waƙar sa za ta kasance da farin ciki da soyayya
zuwa ga bulbeles.

(Papemor: tsuntsaye wanda ba safai ba; bulbeles: nightingales.) "

Takaitacciyar rayuwa, aikin adabi mai ƙarfi (1867-1916)

Jinjina ga Darío

Ruben Dario an haifeshi a Metapa (Nicaragua), amma wata ɗaya kawai bayan haihuwarsa, ya koma León, inda mahaifinsa Manuel García da mahaifiyarsa Rosa Sarmiento suka yi tsammanin suna da aure mai kyau amma ba mai wadata ba cike da rashin farin ciki. Ya sanya kansa cikin kwanciyar hankali a cikin kantunan gida kuma tana gudu lokaci zuwa lokaci tare da dangin ta. Hargitsi ya kasance a cikin wannan dangin kuma Rubén ba da daɗewa ba ya tafi ya zauna tare da kawun mahaifiyarsa, Bernarda Sarmiento da mijinta, da Kanar Féliz Ramírez, wanda yayi maraba dashi sosai kuma kamar iyayen gaskiya. Rubén ba shi da ƙaunar mahaifiyarsa kuma mafi ƙarancin na mahaifinsa, wanda ya ji daɗin rabuwar gaskiya.

Karatu a cikin wani Kwalejin Jesuit, wanda ba lallai ne ya ƙaunaci sosai ba saboda waƙoƙin ban dariya da ba'a da ya rubuta game da shi a wancan lokacin. A cikin samartakarsa, ba da daɗewa ba ya ji tasirin tasirin Gustavo Adolfo Becquer y Víctor Hugo, dukansu sunyi la'akari da ƙa'idodin ƙauna, koyaushe ana ba da su ga romon soyayya da ƙaunatattun ƙauna.

Tare da shekaru 15 Na riga na sami jerin sunayen 'yan mata uku: Rosario Emelina Murillo (bisa ga bayanin, yarinya siririya tare da shu'rarrun idanu), dan nesa, kyakkyawa kuma kyakkyawa wacce daga baya suka yi imanin ita ce Isabel Swan, kuma a karshe, mai zane-zane mai suna Hortensia Buislay. Amma babu wanda zai isa zuciyarsa kamar ta farko, Rosario Emelina Murillo, wacce ta sadaukar da wani sabon labari mai cike da sha’awa mai taken. "Emelina." Ya so ya aure ta, amma duk abokansa da danginsa sun haɗa baki don ya bar garin kuma ba ya yin saurin yanke hukunci da tunani marar kyau.

A cikin 1882 ya haɗu da Shugaba Zaldívar, a El Salvador, game da abin da ya rubuta mai zuwa: “… yana da kirki sosai kuma ya yi min magana game da ayoyi na kuma ya ba ni kariya; Amma lokacin da na tambayi kaina menene abin da nake so, na amsa da waɗannan kalmomin daidai da waɗanda ba za a iya mantawa da su ba waɗanda suka ba mai ƙarfin ikon murmushi: 'Ina son samun kyakkyawan matsayi na zamantakewa'. "

A cikin wannan sharhi an ga babban damuwarsa kuma wannan shine Rubén Darío koyaushe yana da burin burgesois, waɗanda koyaushe suke cike da baƙin ciki.

Idan ya ci gaba zuwa matakinsa na Chile, shi ma ya gwada lokacin da ya sadu da shugaban kashe kansa Balmaceda da ɗansa, Pedro Balmaceda Toro, wanda ya ci gaba da abota da su. Burinsa na ɗaukar kansa ɗan burgesowa ya kai irin wannan matsayin wanda a asirce ya ci herring da giya kawai, don iya sanya tufafi mai kyau da kyau zuwa matsayinsa na ƙarya.

Da yake ɗan ɗan ci gaba don aikinsa na wallafe-wallafe, ya buga a Chile daga 1886, "Caltrops", wasu waƙoƙin da za su ba da labarin halin da yake ciki na rashin talauci kuma ba a fahimci mawaƙi ba. A wata gasa ta adabi da attajiri Federico Varela ya rubuta "Lokacin kaka", tare da shi ya sami matsakaicin matsayi na 8 cikin 47 da suka bayyana. Ya kuma halarci tare "Waƙa ta waƙa ga ɗaukakar Chile", wanda akan shi ne kyautar farko wacce ta ba da rahoton pesos 300 na farko da ya samu tare da wallafe-wallafe.

Azul, tarin waƙoƙi daga mawaƙin Nicaraguan Rubén Darío

Ba har zuwa 1888 lokacin da suka fahimci ainihin darajar Rubén Darío ba. Littafin da zai bashi wannan martabar zai kasance "Shuɗi", littafin da shahararren marubucin littafin Juan Valera ya yaba daga Spain. Harrufansa sun kasance a matsayin gabatarwa ga sabon fadada sake bugawar da za a buga a 1890. Duk da haka, Darío bai yi farin ciki ba kuma burinsa na samun amincewa kuma sama da duk wadatar tattalin arziki ya riga ya zama abin damuwa. Lokacin da ya "tsere" zuwa Turai, musamman zuwa Paris.

Rubén Darío a Turai

Ya auri Rafaela Contreras, mace mai dandano iri daya da nishaɗin adabi. A lokacin karni na Hudu ne na Gano Amurka lokacin da ya ga sha'awarsa ta sanin tsohuwar Duniya ta cika ta kasancewa aika a matsayin jakadan Spain.

Ya sauka a La Coruña a cikin 1892, kuma a can ya kulla dangantakar kai tsaye tare da manyan jiga-jigan siyasar Spain da adabi. Amma lokacin da komai ya zama kamar murmushi a gareshi sai ya sake ganin farin cikinsa ya yanke lokacin da matarsa ​​ta mutu ba zato ba tsammani a farkon 1893. Wannan mummunan lamarin ya haifar da shi don rayar da sha'awar shaye-shaye.

Daidai ne a wannan yanayin maye An tilasta masa ya auri Rosario Emelina Murillo. Kuna tuna ta? Wannan siririyar yarinyar mai ido wacce ya kaunata a matsayin saurayi. Ba ta yi kyau da Rubén ba, tunda ta amince da wani shiri tare da dan uwanta kan cewa Rubén Darío zai aure ta. a bindiga, kasancewar tana da juna biyu da wani namiji. Sun yi aure a ranar 8 ga Maris, 1893.

Rubén Darío ya yi murabus da farko, amma bai yarda ya zauna cikin irin wannan yaudarar ba kuma ya gudu lokacin da zai iya daga wannan auren ƙarya. Ya isa Madrid inda ya sadu da mace mai kyau, mai ƙarancin yanayi, Francisca Sanchez, kuyangar mawaƙa Villaespesa, wacce a ciki ta sami zaƙi da girmamawa. A cikin ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙinsa ya keɓe masa kalmomi kamar waɗannan:

"Yi hankali da ciwon da ka sani

kuma daukaka ku zuwa ga soyayya ba tare da fahimta ba ”.

Tare da ita ya yi tafiya zuwa Paris, bayan ya zauna na livingan shekaru a Buenos Aires. Paris shine farkon farawar yawan tafiye-tafiye (Barcelona, ​​Mallorca, Italia, War, Ingila,…). A wannan lokacin ne yake rubuta littattafan sa masu mahimmanci: "Wakokin rayuwa da bege" (1905), "Wakar yawo" (1907), "Wakar kaka" (1910) y "Zinariyar Mallorca" (1913).

Kuna iya ganin bambanci tsakanin rubutun waɗannan littattafan na ƙarshe, wanda a ciki ana iya samun barkwanci, kwarkwasa, raha da raha da annashuwa, idan aka kwatanta da rubuce-rubucensa na farko waɗanda suke cike da ciwo da damuwa. Ga misali daga littafinsa "Zinariyar Mallorca":

"Matan Manyan suna sanya a
skart riga,
Kwalliyar kai da amarya
a baya.
Waɗannan, waɗanda na gani, yayin wucewa,
I mana.
Kuma waɗanda ba sa sa shi ba sa yin fushi,
Don wannan ".

Lokacin ja da baya

Mallorca tafiye tafiye ne da yayi ba komai ba don ƙoshin lafiyarsa fiye da kowane dalili. Duk da kyakkyawar kulawa da matar sa ta wancan lokacin Francisca ta ba shi, mawakin ya kasa fita.
Bai taba cimma abin da yake so ba tun farko, wannan yana son kyakkyawan matsayin zamantakewar da ya nema tare da babban ƙoƙari daga farko, saboda haka ya jagoranci matsakaiciyar rayuwa. Ana tabbatar da wannan ta wani mummunan labari da yayi tare dashi Alexander Sawa, wanda shekaru da yawa da suka gabata suka yi masa aiki a Faris a matsayin jagora don sanin wasu unguwannin birni. Sawa wani tsoho ne tsohon makaho wanda ya sadaukar da rayuwarsa gaba ɗaya ga adabi. Ya nemi Rubén da ɗan kuɗi kaɗan na pesetas 400 don a ƙarshe ya ga abin da a yau aikinsa mafi daraja ya buga., "Haske a inuwa". Amma Rubén bai kasance kusa da aikin samar masa da kuɗin da aka faɗi ba kuma ya yi biris. Sawa ya fita daga roƙo zuwa fushi, har ma da neman a biya shi saboda ayyukan da aka yi. A cewar Sawa da kansa, shi ne "baƙar fata" marubucin wasu labaran da aka aika a cikin 1905 zuwa La Nación Rubén Darío ne ya sa hannu. Ko da hakane, Rubén zai zama farkon gabatarwar littafin na Alejandro Sawa, wanda ya riga ya mutu lokacin da aka buga shi.

Ba zai sami kuɗi da yawa ba amma idan ya ci nasara a babban fitarwa ta masu rinjaye marubutan yare na Sifaniyancin zamani.

Tarihin rayuwar Rubén Darío ya ƙare a 1916, jim kaɗan bayan dawowarsa ƙasar haihuwarsa Nicaragua, Rubén Darío ya mutu. Wannan labarin ya cika ma'abota ilimi masu magana da Sifanisanci tare da nadama. Manuel Machado, wani mawaƙin Mutanen Espanya wanda rubé ya rinjayi Rubén, sadaukar da wannan epitaph:

"Kamar lokacin da kayi tafiya, dan uwa,
Ba ku nan,
kuma ya cika maku da kadaicin da ke jiranku
dawowarka ... zaka zo? Duk da yake,
primavera
zai rufe filayen, don saki
tushen
Da rana, da dare ... Yau, jiya ...
A cikin m
marigayi, a cikin wayewar dare
wakokinka sun yi tasiri.
Kuma kuna cikin hankalinmu, kuma a cikin
zukatanmu,
jita-jita da ba a kashe ta, wuta
hakan baya kashewa.
Kuma, a Madrid, a Paris, a Rome,
a cikin Ajantina
Suna jiran ka ... Duk inda masu son zuciyarku suke so
allahntaka
ya girgiza, ɗanta ya tsira, mai annashuwa, mai daɗi,
karfi…
Sai kawai a cikin Manajan akwai akwai
cikin duhu
inda ya rubuta hannun da ya kashe
zuwa ga mutuwa:
'Shigo ciki, matafiyi, Rubén Darío baya nan'. "

Wasu daga cikin baitocin nasa ...

Azul

Wannan ne zabin kasidu ta Rubén Darío da muka yi domin ku san ɗan ƙarin bayani game da yanayin sa, ayoyin sa:

Kamfanoni

Wannan mai launin toka,
kamar fur na ermine,
ya tattara gaskiya irin ta yara
tare da kwarewarsa a matsayin dattijo;
lokacin da kake riƙe shi a hannunka
littafin irin wannan mutumin,
kudan zuma shine kowace magana
cewa, tashi daga takarda,
bar zuma a lebe
kuma yana sosa rai.

Abin baƙin ciki, baƙin ciki ƙwarai

Wata rana nayi bakin ciki, nayi bakin ciki sosai
kallon ruwan yana faduwa daga wani marmaro.

Ya kasance dare mai dadi da dan Argentina. Yayi kuka
dare. Dare yayi sanyi. Sobbed
dare. Da maraice a cikin amethyst mai taushi,
narkar da hawayen mai zane mai ban mamaki.

Kuma wannan mai zanen ya kasance ni, abin ban tsoro da nishi,
wanda ya gauraye raina da jirgin ruwan marmaro.

Dare

Shirun dare, shiru mai raɗaɗi
dare ... Me yasa ruhu ke rawar jiki ta irin wannan hanyar?
Ina jin hum na jinina
a cikin kwanyata wani hadari mai taushi ya wuce.
Rashin bacci! Rashin iya bacci, kuma duk da haka
Sauti Zama yanki-kai tsaye
na rarraba ruhaniya, Hamlet na kai!
Rage bakin ciki na
a cikin ruwan inabi da dare
a cikin duhun ban mamaki na duhu ...
Ni kuma nace a raina: yaushe ne wayewar gari?
Wata kofa ta rufe ...
Wani mai wucewa ya wuce ...
Agogo ya buga awanni goma sha uku ... Ee zai zama nata! ...

Nawa

Nawa: sunan ku kenan.
Menene ƙarin jituwa?
Nawa: hasken rana;
mine: wardi, harshen wuta.

Wane irin kamshi kika zube
a cikin raina
idan na san kuna sona!
Kai! Kai!

Jima'i ya narke
tare da jima'i mai karfi,
narke tagulla biyu.

Ina bakin ciki, kuna bakin ciki ...
Dole ne ku kasance ba to
nawa zuwa mutuwa?

Lokaci na tarihin rayuwar Rubén Darío

Kuma a nan, taƙaitaccen taƙaitaccen tarihin abin da aka gani har yanzu game da tarihin rayuwar Rubén Darío:

  • 1867: Janairu 18: Rubén Darío an haife shi a Metapa, Nicaragua.
  • 1887: Buga "Emelina ". Rubuta "Caltrops", "Otoñales", "Waƙar almara ga ɗaukakar Chile".
  • 1888: Buga "Shuɗi" kuma mahaifinsa ya mutu.
  • 1891: Bikin aure na addini tare da Rafaela Contreras. An haifi ɗansu Rubén.
  • 1892: Tafiya zuwa Spain da gwamnatin Nicaraguan ta aika, a yayin bikin ƙarni na 4 na Gano Amurka.
  • 1893: Rafaela Contreras ya mutu. Ya auri Rosario Emelina Murillo.
  • 1896: Buga "The rare" y "Karin magana"
  • 1898: Ya yi tafiya zuwa Madrid a matsayin wakilin La Nación.
  • 1900: The Nation ta aike shi zuwa Paris. Masoyinsa Francisca Sánchez na tare da shi.
  • 1905: Buga "Wakokin rayuwa da bege".
  • 1913: Daga Paris zuwa Valldemosa, a Mallorca: "Zinariyar Mallorca" (aikin da aka buga).
  • 1916: Ya mutu a León, Nicaragua.
Wakokin Rai da Shafuka
Labari mai dangantaka:
"Waƙoƙin rayuwa da bege", babban aiki na uku na Rubén Darío

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  1. Wanda ke da alhakin bayanan: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Manufar bayanan: Sarrafa SPAM, sarrafa sharhi.
  3. Halacci: Yarda da yarda
  4. Sadarwar bayanan: Ba za a sanar da wasu bayanan ga wasu kamfanoni ba sai ta hanyar wajibcin doka.
  5. Ajiye bayanai: Bayanin yanar gizo wanda Occentus Networks (EU) suka dauki nauyi
  6. Hakkoki: A kowane lokaci zaka iyakance, dawo da share bayanan ka.

  1.   Jose Antonio Arce Rios m

    Kyakkyawan kundin rubutu don bikin cikar shekaru dari da rasuwar Yariman Castilian haruffa, mai gabatarwa kuma babban wakili na Zamanin Latin Amurka. An kira Rubén Darío don yin juyin juya hali a cikin fassarar ayar Castilian, amma kuma ya cika duniyar adabi da sababbin rudu, yaudarar ruwa, girgije da ba makawa, kangaroos da damisa na Bengal da ke rayuwa a wuri guda da ba zai yiwu ba. Ya shigo da shi cikin yaren da ke lalata tasirin Amurkawa da tsarin Faransanci na Parnassian da Symbolist, ya buɗe ta har zuwa kamus mai wadata da baƙon abu, sabon sassauci da kida a baiti da karin magana, kuma ya gabatar da jigogi da abubuwan duniya baki ɗaya, na asali da na asali , wanda ya kayatar da tunanin da kuma kwatancen kwatankwacinsu.

    1.    Carmen Guillen m

      Na gode José Antonio don sharhinku!

      Ba tare da wata shakka ba, munyi la’akari da cewa Rubén Darío ya cancanci sarari akan shafinmu kuma munyi hakan. Duk mafi kyau!

      1.    Manuel m

        Sunan Rubén Félix, ba Féliz ba.

  2.   Abner lagona m

    Barka dai, barka da safiya, tarihin rayuwa yayi kyau sosai, godiya saboda Ruben Dario shine mawakin da na fi so, godiya ga komai

  3.   Labanon m

    Kyakkyawan tarihin na taya ta aiki da gudummawa.

  4.   Axel m

    Kyakkyawan tarihin ya taimaka min sosai a cikin jarabawar

  5.   ELIEZER MANUEL SEQUEIRA m

    Yana da mahimmanci su buga shekarar da aka buga wannan bayanin da rana da wata

    1.    Manuel m

      Sunan Rubén Félix, ba Féliz ba.

  6.   Ronaldo roque m

    Barka dai, tarihin kwarai da gaske. Abin tambaya a cikin wace shekara kuka yi wannan ɗan gajeren tarihin? Ina bukatan yin kundin tarihi tare da wannan binciken. Za a iya ba ni ranar ƙirƙirar wannan littafin don Allah

  7.   GEORGINA DIAZ m

    A ina zan iya ganin ranar fitowar wannan kundin tarihin.