Wakar Zamani na '27

Lokacin da mai amfani da Intanet ya bincika "Generación del 27 waka", sakamakon yana nuni ne ga aikin marubuta kamar Pedro Salinas, Rafael Alberti ko Federico García Lorca. Akwai kuma rubuce-rubuce daga Dámaso Alonso, Jorge Guillén, Gerardo Diego, Emilio Prados, Vicente Aleixandre, Manuel Altoaguirre, Adriano del Valle, Juan José Domenchina da Pedro García Cabrera.

Wannan jerin ya hada da kirkirar wasu mawaka da suke da alaka da tsara. Su ne Miguel Hernández, León Felipe, José Moreno Villa, Fernando Villalón, Max Aub da Joaquín Romero Murube. Haka kuma, mai martaba ɗan Chile, Pablo Neruda na da alaƙa ta kut-da-kut da mawaƙan ƙungiyar masu sallamar, musamman Salvador Dalí.

Zamanin '27

Wannan shine sunan da aka ba ƙungiyar gwanayen karatu, zane-zane da masana waɗanda suka fito a cikin 1927. Matsayin waɗanda suka kafa ta —Pedro Salinas, Rafael Alberti, Melchor Sánchez Almagro da Gerardo Diego— ya biya haraji ga Luis de Gongora 1561 - 1627, lokacin da shekaru dari uku na mutuwarsa suka cika.

Magabatan wannan kungiya sun dauki Góngora “babban mai bayyana adabin Baroque na zamanin Golden Age."Mutanen Espanya. Koyaya, cancantar tsara ta tattauna da Salinas da kansa, wanda ya tabbatar da cewa membobin ƙungiyar ba su dace da ra'ayin Julius Peterson na "tsara" ba. Ana fassara wannan ma'anar tarihin ta ƙa'idodi masu zuwa:

• Distancean tazara tsakanin shekarun haihuwar membobinta. Game da Zamanin 27, wasu daga cikinsu suna da bambancin shekaru har zuwa shekaru 15.
• Makamantan ilimi da / ko ilimin boko. Kodayake yawancinsu sun zo daidai a Mazaunin Madridaliban Madrid, eran 'yan uwantaka ta al'adu tare da kyawawan halaye na yau da kullun da falsafar da aka raba.
• Abokai na mutum. Don faɗin gaskiya, membobin Tsararrakin 27 sun haɗu biyu-biyu ko abubuwa uku; ba ƙungiya ce mai haɗin kai ba.
• Tsoma baki cikin ayyukan kansa na ɗabi'ar gama gari da wanzuwar '' al'amuran tsara '', wanda ke haifar da haɗuwa da wasiyyai. A wannan gaba, Jin daɗin waɗanda suka kafa ta zuwa ga Luis de Góngora da taron "Sin Sombrero" su ne manyan mahimman abubuwa biyu na kungiyar.
• Kasancewar jagora mai bayyanawa (jagora).
• Babu dangantaka ko ci gaba tare da tsara mai zuwa. Dangane da wannan, masana ilimi suna ganin cewa wasu membobinta - Miguel Hernández, alal misali - mambobi ne na Tsararran '36. Hakazalika, Dámaso Alonso da Gerardo Diego sun kasance a cikin kasar bayan Yakin Basasa na Sifen kuma sun kulla wata dangantaka da Layin Franco.
• Yaren tsararraki (irin salo).

Halaye na shayari na Zamanin 27

Tsunduma

Mawaka na Zamani na 27 sun bambanta kansu ta hanyar sadaukar da kai na zamantakewa da siyasa. Saboda haka, su ba marubuta ba ne kawai suka motsa saboda jin daɗin rera wakoki, tun da kalmominsu suna da ma'anar sadarwa na la'antar jama'a. Don haka, waƙoƙi - kamar sauran abubuwan fasaha na motsi - ya zama hanyar nunawa da nuna rashin amincewa.

Wannan yanayin yana faruwa ne saboda juyawar Spain a lokacin rabin rabin 1920 zuwa ga al'umma mai ci gaba, tare da ƙarin haƙƙoƙi. Saboda haka, marubutan Zamani na 27 sun nuna yadda ƙasar da ke da niyyar haɗewa da duniya ke yin ta. Misalin waƙoƙin sadaukarwa shine waƙar "Ga wanda zan rubuta" ta Vicente Aleixandre ne adam wata; guntu:

"Ina rubuta wa wadanda basu karanta ni ba. Wannan matar wacce

Gudun kan titi kamar zan bude kofofin

a wayewar gari.

Ko wancan dattijo da yake kwana a kan benci a wannan dandalin

Yarinya, yayin da faɗuwar rana da ƙauna ke ɗauke ta,

ya kewaye ku kuma ya haskaka ku cikin haske a hankali ”.

Mai cigaba

Mawaka na motsi suna da wayewar ci gaba na adabi da fasaha gaba daya. Saboda haka, sun yi niyyar haɓaka sababbin nau'ikan adabi don ba wa haruffa sabon iska. Koyaya, wannan canjin bai nemi hutu da al'ada ba, saboda ba manufar musanta waƙoƙin Mutanen Espanya na ƙarni da suka gabata ba.

Avant-garde

Marubutan Zamani na '27 sun nemi cimma daidaituwa tsakanin nau'ikan waƙoƙin gargajiyar gargajiya da sabbin hanyoyin zamani na wancan lokacin. Wato, sun kasance masu zane-zane ne ga tsarin da aka kafa, suna neman wasu hanyoyi na fahimta da fahimtar duniya. Ofayan ɗayan manyan mashahuran waƙoƙin ci gaba shi ne Pedro Salinas.

Da ke ƙasa akwai guntu ne daga waƙar “Fe mía”, na Salinas:

"Ban amince da fure ba

na takarda,

sau da yawa cewa nayi hakan

ni da hannuna.

Ban yarda da ɗayan ba

gaskiya tashi,

'yar rana da kayan yaji,

amaryar iska.

Daga ku cewa ban taba sanya ku ba

daga cikin ku wanda bai taba sanya ku ba,

Na amince da ku, zagaye

bazuwar inshora ”.

Wasu daga cikin manyan hanyoyin da suke shigowa da karfi a Zamanin nan na 27

• Surrealism. Ofaya daga cikin sanannun misalan waƙoƙin mika wuya daga theanni 27 shi ne tarin waƙoƙi Game da mala'iku (zaɓi) (1929), by Rafael Alberti. Gaba, guntun waƙa "Los angeles colegiales":

"Babu wani daga cikinmu da ya fahimci wani abu:

ba kuma me yasa yatsunmu suka kasance da tawada na kasar Sin ba

da rana kuma an rufe sanduna don buɗe littattafai a wayewar gari.

Mun dai san cewa madaidaiciya, idan kuna so, na iya lankwasawa ko karyewa

kuma cewa taurari masu yawo yara ne da suka yi biris da ilimin lissafi ”.

• Dadaism
• Ressionarfafawa
• Bayyana ra'ayi
• Futurism
• Cubism. Daya daga cikin sanannun samfuran shine calligram Furewar mutuwa Federico García Lorca ne ya zira kwallaye lokacin da muke da bayanin.

Girmama al'adun gargajiyar Sifaniyanci na Zamani

Baya ga abin da aka ambata a baya Luis de Góngora, membobin ƙungiyar sun haɗu da mashahuran Quevedo, Lope de Vega da Garcilaso de la Vega. Bisa ga waɗannan tsoffin matani, Zamanin mawakan '27 ya kirkiro sabbin salo ta hanyar cakuda waccan al'adar tare da akidojin gaba na wancan lokacin.

Shayari mashahuri

Kusan duk mawaƙan ofan Zamanin 27 sun nuna girmamawa mai daɗin gaske ga shahararrun waƙoƙin waƙoƙi.. Daga cikin su, da Romance da na gargajiya Cancionero, da abubuwan da Gil Vicente da Juan de Encina suka yi. Misalin wannan yanayin yana iya bayyana a cikin littafin "El romance del Duero" na Gerardo Diego; guntu:

"Kai, tsoho Duero, ka yi murmushi

tsakanin gemunku na azurfa,

nika tare da soyayya

mummunan cimma girbi ”.

'Yancin kirkira

Mawaka na Zamani na 27 sunyi kade-kade tare da cikakken 'yanci a matakan awo da kuma bangaren mai salo. Bugu da kari, free aya kasance sosai m tsakanin marubuta na motsi. Amma wannan bai hana su cimma kyakkyawan harshe ba (kuma har ma da ƙawata shi). Gabaɗaya suna amfani da maganganu don ba saƙonninsu na sallamawa da wahayi ƙara ƙarfi.