Salon Pablo Neruda

Pablo Neruda, a zahiri, ba a kira shi haka ba. Sunan sa na gaske shine Naftali Reyes Basoalto. An haifeshi a Chile, musamman a cikin garin Parral baya a 1904, kuma ya mutu a 1973, a ranar 23 ga Satumba. Idan na tuna da Neruda, ayoyi da yawa sun zo min wanda shi kaɗai zai iya rubuta hakan ... Kuma Neruda Ba wai kawai an ba shi lada da yabo ga abin da ya rubuta ba, amma ga yadda ya yi hakan.

Salon kansa ya zama abin zargi a gare shi saran mutum, na akidar kwaminisanci, tabbatacce kuma mai taurin kai Har zuwa sakamakon karshe, ya kare duk abin da ya yi imani da shi da kuma abin da ya dace da shi, a cewar abin da abokai da gwauruwa tasa, Matilde Urrutia, suka rubuta game da shi. Ga wadanda suka san shi kuma suka raba lokaci na wahala da danniya tare da shi, Pablo Neruda ya ji daɗin kwarjinin waɗanda aka zaɓa waɗanda ake ɗauka abin misali. Neruda ya kasance daban ne da wanda aka nuna a gaban kyamarori, mai jin kunya, marar ganuwa da tsugune ...

Takaitacciyar rayuwarsa da salon aikin adabinsa

Neruda tana da uwa biyu. Wanda ya haifeshi wanda ya mutu jim kadan bayan haihuwarsa daga tarin fuka da Trinidad Cambiya Marverde, matar mahaifinsa ta biyu José del Carmen Reyes Morales. A cewar Neruda da kansa, "mahaifiyarsa ta biyu mace ce mai dadi, mai kwazo, tana da barkwanci a karkara kuma mai aiki ne da kuma alheri da ba za a iya warware shi ba."

A cikin 1910 ya shiga Liceo, inda ya riga ya fara matakan farko a matsayin marubuci a cikin Jaridar cikin gida da ake kira "La Mañana". Labari na farko da ya buga shi ne "Kishi da juriya". Haɗa mai girma Gabriela Mistral, shahararren mawaki, wanda ya ba shi wasu littattafai na Tolstoy, Dostoevsky da Chekhov, masu matukar mahimmanci a farkon karatun adabi. Kuma kodayake mahaifinsa ya kasance mai adawa da Neruda bayan wannan kiran karatun, amma takaddamarsa ta har abada da ɗansa ba ta da wani amfani a gare shi. Ta wannan hanyar ne masarautar Neftalí Reyes Basoalto ya farasar sunan bege na Pablo Neruda, tare da ni'ima da tabbataccen niyya na batar da mahaifinsa don kada ya ankara cewa yana nan yana rubutu.

Ya sami sunan mai suna "Neruda" a bazuwar a cikin wata mujalla, kuma mai ban sha'awa, Neruda wani marubuci ne ɗan asalin Czech wanda ya rubuta kyawawan maganganu tsakanin sauran abubuwa.

Ya rubuta wakoki har zuwa 5 a rana, da yawa daga cikinsu sun kare a cikin littafinsa da ya fitar da kansa mai suna "Washe gari". Kuma muna gunaguni a yau lokacin da ya kamata mu nemi rayukanmu don samun wallafe-wallafen labari ... Shin kun san yadda za'a iya shirya wannan littafin kai tsaye? Ya sami kuɗin da yake buƙata ta hanyar siyar da kayan ɗaki, ɗaga agogon da mahaifinsa ya ba shi, da kuma samun ɗan taimako a minti na ƙarshe daga mai sukar lamiri.

Duk da wannan, "Crepusculario" ya bar Neruda bai gamsu ba, kuma ya ƙara ƙoƙari ya sake rubuta wani sabon littafin. Wannan zai fi zama na mutum, aiki da magana mai kyau sosai. Ya kasance "Wakokin soyayya guda ashirin da waka mai cike da son rai", wanne aya ce da na tuna lokacin da na fara rubuta wannan labarin:

Zan iya rubuta ayoyi masu baƙin ciki a daren yau.
Rubuta, misali: “Dare yana da tauraro,
kuma shudayen taurari suna rawar jiki daga nesa ”.
Iskar dare tana juyawa cikin sama tana waka ...

Kamar yadda na buga wannan littafi na biyu, adabinsa ya zama yana da siyasa sosai. Bugu da ƙari, rayuwarsa ta zama da ɗan wuya saboda yanayin kuɗi, tun da mahaifinsa ya janye duk wani taimako na abin duniya lokacin da Neruda ya yanke shawarar barin karatun da ya fara a matsayin malamin Faransanci a Cibiyar Pedagogical.

Neman taimako, a cikin 1927 kawai ya sami mukamin karamin ofishin jakadanci a Rangoon, Burma. Can sai ya hadu Josie ni'ima, wacce zata zama abokiyar zamanta ta farko. Ma'auratan da ba su daɗe ba saboda kishi da take da shi. Ya bar ta da zarar ya sami labarin cewa yana da sabon aiki a Ceylon. Ya shirya tafiyarsa a ɓoye kuma baiyi mata ban kwana ba, ya bar tufafi da littattafai a gida.

Bayan 'yan shekaru kaɗan, a cikin 1930, lokacin da Pablo Neruda ya auri María Antonieta Agenaar, wanda shi ma zai zama mahaifiyarsa 'ya, Malva Marina.

A cikin Buenos Aires sadu da Federico García Lorca, wanda ya nace sai ya tafi Spain. nan ya sadu da Miguel Hernández, Luis Cernuda da Vicente Aleixandre, da sauransu. Amma lokacinsa a kasashen Sifen bai dade ba, domin lokacin da Yakin Basasa ya barke a 1936, dole ne ya yi tafiya zuwa Paris. A can, cikin bakin ciki da dabbancin da ke faruwa a Spain, da mutuwar abokinsa García Lorca, ya rubuta littafin wakoki mai suna "Spain a cikin zuciya". Har ila yau a ƙarƙashin wannan dalilin ya yanke shawarar gyara mujallar "Mawaka na duniya suna kare Mutanen Spain."

A cikin 1946 ya riga ya kasance a mahaifarsa, Chile, inda ya shiga Jam’iyyar Kwaminisanci, kuma inda aka zabe shi sanatan Jamhuriyar na lardunan Tarapacá da Antofagasta. A 1946 shi ma ya karbi Kyautar Adabin Kasa. Amma farin cikin sa a cikin kasar ta Chile bai dade ba, tun bayan da ya gabatar da zanga-zangar a bainar jama'a inda ya kai hari kan zaluncin kungiyoyin kwadagon da Shugaba González Videla ya yi, an yanke masa hukuncin kame shi. Godiya ga abokai, Neruda ya guji ɗaurin kurkuku kuma ya sami damar barin ƙasar.

Yayin da yake cikin ɓoye, ya buga wani bajintar sa: "Canto general." Littafin da aka buga a Mexico kuma za'a rarraba shi a ɓoye cikin Chile. Wadannan shekarun gudun hijira sunyi matukar bakin ciki ga marubucin, wanda yaci gaba da karbar kyaututtuka kamar su Kyautar Zaman Lafiya ta Duniya, a cikin 1950, tare da sauran masu fasaha irin su Pablo Picasso da Nazim Hikmet. Duk da baƙin cikin sa, yana da ƙaƙƙarfan kamfani mai kwanciyar hankali na Matilde Urrutia, macen da za ta zama abokin tafiya har zuwa ranar mutuwarsa. Tare da ita dole ne ya zauna a ɓoye har zuwa lokacin da zai iya rabuwa da matarsa ​​a hukumance.

A cikin 1958 za a buga wani littafi wanda Neruda da kansa ya bayyana a matsayin "littafinsa mafi kusanci da shi": "Estravagario". Daga baya zai rubuta wasu ayyukan kamar "Glare da mutuwar Joaquín Murieta".

A shekarar 1971 aka bashi kyautar Kyautar Nobel a cikin Adabi, kuma bayan shekaru biyu, a 1973, ya mutu a ranar 11 ga Satumba. Kwanaki bayan mutuwarsa, sun wawushe gidajensa a Valparaíso da Santiago, abin da ya kasance babban abin kunya da mamaki ga waɗanda suka ƙaunaci marubucin.

Salon adabi

Salon Pablo Neruda ba kuskure. Ya Rubuta Mai da hankali kan dukkan hankula: ji, wari, duba, da sauransu. Da wannan ya nemi bayanin yanayi ko jin yanayi kamar yadda zai yiwu don isar da wannan gaskiyar ga mai karatu tare da sanya shi shiga cikin wakarsa ko rubutunsa. Neruda ta kasance daidai lokacin neman kalmomin da suka dace waɗanda za su faranta ran mai karatu, musamman ma a cikin abubuwa marasa rai, waɗanda suka fi wahalar bayyanawa.

Na yi amfani da maganganu sosai da kuma kamanceceniya don ƙirƙirar dalla-dalla kwatancin mutane, abubuwa, yanayi, da jin daɗi. Akwai da yawa tasirin surrealism a cikin bayaninsa, tun da ya yi amfani da kalmomin da suka fi wuya da wuya don bayyana abubuwa masu sauƙi na gaske, kamar ɓata ƙauna, sihiri na dare, da dai sauransu. Ka ga kuma mutum na abubuwa marasa rai a cikin waƙinsa lokacin da yake magana da labari kamar Bolívar a cikin "Un Canto para Bolívar", mutuwa a cikin "Alturas de Macchu Picchu", ko kuma teku a cikin "Oda al mar". Wannan siffa ta mutumtaka tana kara tasirin wakoki a duniya saboda Neruda ta ba da rayuwa, tausayawa da numfashi ga dukkan abubuwan duniya.

Salo na musamman wanda zaku more a cikin ayyuka marasa adadi.