romance

Akwai nau'ikan adabi da yawa, wasu sun fi su sananne. Kuma a cikin nau'ikan waƙoƙi, da kuma labaru, za mu iya samun soyayya.

Amma, Menene soyayya Menene halayen shi? Me yasa akwai biyu? Shin akwai manyan marubutan soyayya? Duk wannan da ƙari shine abin da zamu tattauna da ku a gaba.

Menene soyayya

Kalmar soyyaya tana nufin ra'ayoyi biyu mabambanta, duka na adabi ne, amma a lokaci guda ya sha bamban tsakanin su. Kuma shine zaka iya samun:

• Waka. Wannan ya zama gama gari a cikin al'adun gargajiyar Mutanen Espanya, kodayake ana iya samun sa a Kudancin Amurka. Ya dogara ne akan haɗakar octosyllables da aka yi waƙa a cikin amo ko da ayoyi.
• Ruwaya. Wato, wani dogon labari ne wanda akayishi labarin wata duniyar kirkirarren labari inda masu halayen suka rayu "yanayi na ban mamaki da ban mamaki".

A ƙarshe, zamu iya magana da ku game da soyayya ta hanyoyi biyu daban-daban. Kuma don ƙara bayyana muku, zamu haɓaka su a ƙasa.

Soyayya a matsayin waka

Soyayya, kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, hakika waka ce. Ya kasance halayyar sosai, kuma amfani, a cikin Sifen, Iberiyanci da Latin Amurka al'adar kuma sanannen musamman a karni na goma sha biyar. A zahiri, na farkon wanda akwai shaida (saboda ba a san ko akwai wasu a da ba), na Jaume Olessa ne, daga 1421.

Kuma menene halin soyayyar shayari? Da kyau muna magana akan Wakoki masu ba da labari, waɗanda aka haife su don yin waƙa da mashahurai ko mawaƙa. Sun ba da labari tare da taken daban-daban, kuma tare da amo daban-daban dangane da yankin da suka rayu.

Halaye na soyayya

Wannan waka tana da halin kirkirarta cikin rukuni-rukuni. Kowane ɗayan waɗannan ayoyi yana da ƙaramin sauti 8 da amo a cikin ayoyin. Bugu da kari, abu ne gama haduwa maimaita magana (rhythmically), don amfani da kalmomin aikatau kyauta, yin bambanci, kuma samun ƙarshen ƙarshe, kamar dai an yanke shi lokaci ɗaya.

Sauran fasalulluka sune kamar haka:

• Al'adar ta ta baka. Kada a manta cewa waɗannan 'roman ɗin' an rera '' ko kuma an faɗi ta hanyar makaɗa da waƙoƙi, shi ya sa ba a san marubutan ba domin babu wanda ya rubuta abin da suka faɗa. Kuma wannan shine dalilin da ya sa zaku iya samun, daga waƙar soyayya iri ɗaya, iri iri da yawa dangane da wanda ya saurare ta ko yankin da aka rera ta.
• Ruwaya da tattaunawa sun hade. Wannan sanannen abu ne a cikin waƙoƙi, amma a nan yana iya zama fasalin al'ada na soyayya. A zahiri, akwai dabarbarun da ake maimaitawa a cikin soyayya da yawa, kamar "A can yayi magana ... da kyau zaku ji abin da zai faɗa", ko "Ya amsa masa ... irin wannan amsar da aka ba shi.
• Yana mai da hankali kan wani lokaci. Ba labari bane wanda yake farawa ta hanyar kirgawa daga farko, amma yana mai da hankali ne akan wata hujja ko aiki dan fada abinda ya faru. Koyaya, ya ƙare farat ɗaya, yana barin sirrin rashin sanin menene sakamakon abin da ya faɗa.
• Yana da albarkatu da yawa. Misali, maimaitattu, anaphoras, kamanceceniya, haɗa baki, hotuna masu ma'ana, kamanceceniya ...

Iri

A cikin wannan adabin adabin, za mu iya samun nau'ikan soyayya iri-iri, gwargwadon yadda muka buga su.

Idan ya kasance ne saboda tsarin tarihinta, zamu sami nau'uka biyu:

• Tsohon Romancero. Shi ne mafi "asali" da "gargajiya na soyayya. Mawallafinsa ba a san su ba kuma an yi amfani da shi a ƙarni na sha huɗu da goma sha biyar, da baki.
• Sabbin ballads. A wannan yanayin, su ne waƙoƙin da suka fito tsakanin ƙarni na XNUMX da XNUMX. Anan mun san wasu marubuta kamar su Antonio Machado, Quevedo, Cervantes, Luis de Góngora, Juan Ramón Jiménez ...

Idan muka yi magana game da batun, za a iya rarraba soyayya a matsayin:

• Tarihin soyayya. Kamar yadda sunan su ya nuna, suna faɗar abubuwan tarihi ko na almara, musamman masu alaƙa da tsohuwar Mutanen Espanya. Wasu daga cikin sanannun sanannu sune El Cid, Mutuwar Yarima Juan, Bernardo del Carpio ...
• Epic romances. Waɗannan roman ɗin suna da alhakin kasancewa shaidar gwarzo na tarihi, saboda haka na Charlemagne, yaƙin Roncesvalles, ko waƙoƙin aiki na iya faɗa cikin wannan rukunin.
• Iyakoki. Wannan lokacin yana nufin waɗancan lokacin da suke faruwa akan iyakar Spain. Ofaya daga cikin sanannun sanannen shine, ba tare da wata shakka ba, game da yaƙin a cikin sake yaƙi da Moors.
• Soyayyar soyayya. Byarfafawa daga al'adun gargajiyar Mutanen Espanya, zaku sami jigogi daban-daban, amma koyaushe almara, kuma dangane da mahimmancin wanda ya raira waƙa ko ya faɗi labarin.
• Al'ada ko makauniyar soyayya. Ita ce soyayya mafi birgewa. Wadanda suka yi magana game da ayyukan 'yan fashi, al'ajibai, laifuka… Daya daga cikin shahararrun shine, ba tare da wata shakka ba, na Francisco Esteban.

Misalai

Idan har yanzu kuna da shakku game da menene soyayya a cikin waƙa, ko kuma tsarin bai bayyana a gare ku ba, bari ku gan shi tare da wasu misalai cewa mun bar ku a ƙasa. Lura cewa akwai bambance-bambancen karatu da yawa, kasancewar shine ainihin wanda za'a iya rubutawa (akwai wasu da suka kasance romancillos, tare da ayoyi masu saurin bayyana; soyayyar zafin rai, wacce ta kasance mai saurin fahimta; ko jarumtaka, wacce aka sabanta).

Lokacin da alfijir ya tashe ni 8-

tunanin wasu albas 8a

an sake haifuwa a kirji 8-

waxanda suke fata. 8a

Ina so in manta wahala 8-

wannan ya kawo ku ƙasa, Spain mara kyau, 8a

bara maroki 8-

daga jejin gidanka. 8a

Don ɓawon burodi 8-

kuna siyarwa, brothersan uwa, abubuwan ciki 8a

na jini dafaffe a cikin nape 8-

wannan yana matsayin ranka. 8a

Miguel de Unamuno

Don fara ranar 8-

wannan birni, wanda tuni yana da 8a

sunan Ciudad Real, 8-

ya shiga cikin gallant master 8a

dubu biyu lucid jarirai 8-

Daga cikin jarumawansa, 8a

kuma dari uku a kan dawakai 8-

na laymen da friars…. 8a

Lope de Vega. Fountainovejuna

Green Ina son ka kore 8-

koren iska. Green rassan. 8a

Jirgin akan tekun 8-

Da doki akan dutse. 8a

Tare da inuwa a kugu 8-

tana mafarki a kan lallenta, 8a

naman kore, koren gashi, 8-

tare da idanu na azurfa mai sanyi. 8a

Green Ina son ka kore 8-

a ƙarƙashin azurfa na gypsy, 8a

abubuwa suna kallon ta 8-

kuma ba za su iya kallonsu ba. 8a

Federico Garcia Lorca

Romance a matsayin labari

A gefe guda, muna da soyayya a matsayin labari. Kuma aka sani da «roman», shi ne dogon labarin tatsuniyoyi wanda ya shafi labarin duniyar kirkirarren labari. A ciki, haruffa da halaye duka, a ɗan faɗi, abin ban mamaki da sabon abu.

Asalinsa ya samo asali ne daga babban matsakaitan zamanai, na XNUMX da na XNUMX, lokacin da Latin ya samo asali ta hanyoyi daban-daban a daular Roman. Don haka, ya kira waɗannan bambance-bambancen na yaren Roman; yayin da waɗanda aka adana harshen Latin aka faɗa musu cewa na babban al'adu ne. Lokacin da aka fara fassara ayyukan Latin cikin yarukan roman, kalmomin enromanzier, romanzare, kuma daga can zuwa romanz, romant, ko romanzo sun tashi.

A cikin karni na XNUMX, duk labarin soyayya da soyayyar waka sun kasance tare. Amma waƙar tana da mahimmanci don labarin ya ɗauki wani suna don kada ya ruɗe shi. Kuma menene? To, muna magana ne game da "novella", kalma ce mai ma'anar "sabon abu", kuma wacce ta cancanci wannan soyayyar a matsayin "gajeren" labarin wani sabon abu mai ban sha'awa.

A gaskiya ma, a Spain wannan nau'in an kira shi littafi ko littafi, bata taba samun cancantar "soyayya" ba kamar yadda ta samu a wasu kasashen Turai.