A ranar 15 ga watan Yulin, 1885, mahaifiyar shayariyan Galiya, Rosalía de Castro, ta mutu., mace mai kaɗaici, mai ƙarfi da raini a lokacin da aka raina jinsi mata da ƙasashen Galician ta hanyar da'irorin al'adu na ƙasar Sifen.
Gane shekaru bayan mutuwarta, a yau marubucin Galician Waƙoƙi shine alamar Galicia, ɗaya daga cikin mawallafi mafi mahimmanci na karni na 19 da kuma misali na ƙarfin hali a lokutan rashin adalci, wanda muke tunawa a yau. Actualidad Literatura.
Saudade da Galijan jubilation
Ko da yake masana tarihi da masu sukar ra'ayi sun dage kan ɓoye asalin mahaifin Rosalía de Castro, tare da shudewar lokaci ya zama sananne cewa shahararren mawakin Galicia a tarihi, wanda aka haifa a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu, 1837 a Santiago de Compostela, 'yar firist José Martínez Viojo kuma uwa ce da ba ta da wadatattun hanyoyin tattalin arziki mai suna María Teresa de la Cruz Castro y Abadía, wanda shine dalilin da zai sa de Castro goggonta da , sabili da haka, wanene zai sanar da ita game da zuciyar karkara ta Galicia wanda zai ƙarfafa duniyar adabin ta.
A waɗannan shekarun, Mutanen Espanya sun raina wallafe-wallafen Galician da shayari, harshe da aka ɗora kuma aka mai da hankali a cikin al'adun gargajiyar ƙasar Sifen da ke ci gaba da laƙaba wani ɓangare na yanayin ƙasar a matsayin matalauta, baƙauye da yankunan da ba a yi noma ba. Wani tunani wanda ya faɗi gadon waƙoƙin Galician-Fotigal wanda ya yi ihu don sabuwar hanya don sake rayar da shi da mayar da ita ga mutanenta.
A lokacin yarinta ta kasance tare da kawunta a Padrón y Castro de Ortoño, a La Coruña, Rosalía de Castro ta fara lura da yadda rayuwa ta kasance mai wahala a cikin ƙauyen Galiya, da ƙarancin halin da jama'arta ke ciki da kuma wannan halin na kewa na wani abu da ba zai yiwu ba. , wanda aka san shi da rubutun Galicia-Portuguese kamar "saudade", jin da zai bayyana ma'anar aiki da rayuwar macen da yawancinsu ke ɗauka a matsayin mara kaɗaici, mai zaman kanta da melancholic.
Koyaya, zane da kiɗa sun nishadantar da rayuwar Rosalía har sai da ta koma Madrid, inda ya auri Manuel Murguía, mafi yawan mawallafin Galician Rexurdimento kuma mahaliccin Royal Galician Academy, wanda bayan ya karanta kasida La flor, ya sa matarsa ta buga Cantares Gallegos.
An buga shi a cikin 1863 a cikin Vigo, tarin waƙoƙin an samo asali ne daga tsofaffin waƙoƙi daga Galicia waɗanda marubucin ya gyara don bayyana waƙoƙin da suka shafi jigogi kamar soyayya, ɗabi'ar ƙasar Galicia har ma da yanayin zamantakewar siyasa da lokacin, musamman game da abin da ya shafi batun ƙaura da Galan wasan Gallery suka jagoranta waɗanda za su tafi Latin Amurka.
Wannan aikin ya gamsu da shi kuma ya "daidaita shi" ta hanyar Masana Gallan da kansu, waɗanda suka juya wani ɓangare na waƙoƙinsu zuwa wata alama ta al'adun da har yanzu aka manta da su.
Sauran Waƙoƙin za su bi su tare da wasu ayyuka kamar su Follas novas (1880) ko A bakin kogin Sar (1884), na halin da ya fi dacewa da zamani kuma a cikin yanayin halayyar marubucin zai zama babban abin da ake kira da rubutun ta. Aiki da ke nuna halin ɓacin rai na mace da ba a fahimta ba, nesa da tsananin soyayya duk da kasancewarta mata da uwa amma, sama da duka, cutar ta inganta wanda zai kawo ƙarshen rayuwarta a cikin 1885 saboda cutar sankarar mahaifa.
Shekaru sun shude, kuma waƙoƙin da suka shiga cikin al'ummar Galician sun zama tattabarai waɗanda suka tashi a kan wasu wurare, wanda ya ɓata zukatan masu sukar da marubuta (musamman yawancin ƙarni na 98), waɗanda suka amince da Rosalía de Castro a matsayin almajirin harafin Galician .
Kamar yadda na tuna, babu abin da ya fi raba wannan aya daga Lieders, wanda ke taƙaita wani ɓangare na duniyar marubucin:
Fatan ɗaukakar ba ta taɓa mamaye raina ba, ban taɓa yin mafarkin laurel masu latsa goshina ba. Waƙoƙin 'yanci da' yanci ne kawai suka ruɓe a bakina, kodayake a kusa da na ji, tun daga shimfiɗar jariri, hayaniyar sarƙoƙin da ya kamata su ɗaure ni har abada, saboda al'adun mata su ne ƙuƙumma na bautar.
Shin kun taɓa karanta Rosalía de Castro?