Matilda

Matilda sanannen adabin yara ne wanda shahararren marubuci Roald Dahl ya rubuta. An buga sigar sa ta asali a Anglo-Saxon a cikin Oktoba 1988 kuma ya ƙunshi zane-zanen Briton Quentin Blake. Edita Alfaguara ne ya gabatar da bugunsa a cikin Mutanen Espanya tare da fassarar Pedro Barbadillo; wannan sigar ta riƙe aikin Blake.

Matilda Yana daya daga cikin labaran da marubucin Burtaniya ya samu nasara; a yau an sayar da miliyoyin kwafin aikin. Labarin - duk da kasancewa littafin yara - ya ci nasara da ƙarnuka da yawa, duk godiya ga kerawa da kyawawan labaran marubuci. Saboda sanannen tasirin sa, a cikin 1996 an gabatar da daidaitaccen fim ɗin littafin labari; Danny Devito ne ya shirya fim din.

Takaitaccen Matilda

Mai haske kadan

Matilda yarinya ce 'yar shekara 5 da ke zaune tare da iyayenta da ɗan'uwanta a wani ƙaramin gari na Ingilishi. Ita Yarinya ce mai ban tsoro da son sani, wacce a shekara 3 kacal ta koyi karatu a hanyar koyar da kai. Tun da ya gano sararin littattafai, rayuwarsa ta canza. Cikin kankanin lokaci ya karanta marubuta da dama, wadanda suka fadada iliminsa a fannoni daban -daban.

Yan uwanta basu fahimce ta ba

Abin takaici, Iyayen Matilda ba su daraja gwaninta baSun ɗauke ta abin mamaki kuma kullum suna yi mata ba'a. Su, azaba, sun tilasta mata kallon talabijin na tsawon awanni, ba su sayi sabbin littafanta ba kuma suna barin gidanta ita kaɗai kowace rana. Ba da daɗewa ba Matilda ta lura cewa ta fi iyayenta wayo, don haka ta fara yin watsi da ra'ayoyinsu na daji game da abin da ke da mahimmanci.

Laburare da karatun makaranta

Tun da Matilda ta kasance ba tare da iyayenta na yawancin ranar ba, Ya yanke shawarar zuwa ɗakin karatu a kowace rana, domin ya gamsar da muradinsa na koyo. A wannan wurin ya ji matuƙar farin ciki, saboda yana iya karatu ba tare da matsala ba kuma yana samun sabon ilimi. Duk abin da ya haɗa tare da karatunsa ya ba shi damar ficewa daga takwarorinsa na makaranta.

Malami mai dadi vs mugun shugaban makaranta

Damar Matilda tare da karatu da lissafi sun sha mamaki malam Ruwan Zuma, wanda ya nemi a kara mata girma zuwa mataki. Duk da haka, abin da darakta Trunchbull bai samu karbuwa sosai ba, kuma, ta hanyar amfani da matsayinsa, ya musanta bukatar. Wannan halin bai ba malamin mamaki mamaki ba, tun da mugun zafin “hukuma” ya riga ya sani ga jama’a; a zahiri, ya zama ruwan dare ga mace mara kyau ta rika yiwa yara ƙiyayya da azabtar da su ba tare da hujja ba.

Canjin rayuwa

Tuni ta shiga shirin, Matilda ta gano cewa tana da wani nau'in ƙarfin tunani: telekinesis (Zai iya motsa abubuwa da hankalinsa). A haɓaka wannan ƙwarewar, Honey ya taimaka sosai. Duk da haka, da gano Wannan “babban iko” ya sa Matilda ya fuskanci ƙarin ƙarfi manyan cikas guda biyu waɗanda ta riga ta sha wahala: iyakance ta Iyayensa da 'yan adawa da cin zarafin mugayen Trunchbull.

Basic bayanai na aikin

Labari ne na nau'in adabin yara wanda ke bayyana sama da shafuka 248 da aka raba 21 gajeren surori. Tarihin shine mai ba da labarin masani. An gabatar da rubutun tare da kalmomi masu sauƙi waɗanda ke ba da damar karantawa da sauri.

Personajes

Matilda wormwood

Shine jarumin labarin. Yana game yaro mai hazaka da hali mai ban mamaki, kulawa da kuma iyawa ta musamman. Kullum ana kiranta da cin zarafin iyayenta. Rayuwar ƙaramar yarinyar tana canzawa lokacin da ta shiga makarantar firamare, godiya ga goyon baya da kaunar malaminta da kuma alaƙar da ta kulla da sabbin kawayenta.

Jagora Ruwan Zuma

Malamar firamare ce, soyayya da sadaukar da kai ga ɗalibanta. Matilda tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan yara a ƙarƙashin cajin ta. Daga taron farko, dukansu suna haɓaka so na musamman. Dangantakarsu tana ƙaruwa tsawon lokaci, har zuwa cewa Honey ya zama babban mutum a rayuwar jarumar.

Daraktan Trunchbull

Baya ga kasancewa mai kula da jagorantar makarantar firamare, shine mai adawa da aikin. Halinta gaba daya yana da illa ga Jagora Honey. A zahiri an kwatanta shi mace mai kauri da rashin fuska. Tsakanin su munanan dandano yana nuna jin daɗin yin hukunci mai tsanani da zalunci ga yara, kamar kulle su na tsawon awanni a cikin dakin duhu.

Mr. da Mrs. Wormwood

Su ne iyayen halittu na ɗan Matilda. Dukansu suna da munanan halaye kuma suna da ƙarancin IQ. Uwa 'yar caca ce mara aikin yi da na waje. A nata bangaren, Mahaifin ya sadaukar da kansa ga kasuwancin motoci na asali, wanda ke sa shi cikin matsala na doka akai -akai.

Sauran haruffa

Michael shine babban ɗan'uwan Matilda, wani saurayi ya kamu da kallon talabijin kuma iyayenta sun wuce gona da iri - wadanda ke amfani da ita don wulakanta yaron. Bugu da kari, akwai abokan Matilda, daga cikinsu Lavender yayi fice, yarinya mara tsoro wacce ta zama mafi kyawun abokin wasan.

Game da marubucin, Roald Dahl

An haifi Roald Dahl a ranar 13 ga Satumba, 1916 a Cardiff, wani gari a Llandaff, Wales. Iyayensa sune Sofie Magdalene Hesselberg da Harald Dahl, duka daga Norway. Ya halarci maki na firamare a Makarantar Cathedra da Makarantar St. Peter, yayin da na sakandare ke makarantar Repton.

Ayyukan farko

Yana ɗan shekara 18 ya fara aiki a Royal Dutch Shell, kamfanin mai wanda ya ba shi damar rayuwa cikin walwala. A cikin 1939, ya shiga Royal Air Force, can ya gudanar da horonsa na farko na jirgin sama kuma bayan watanni shida aka tura shi bataliya ta 80 na RAF. a 1940, yayin tafiya daga Masar zuwa Libya, ya yi mummunan hatsari wanda ya sa ya makance tsawon wata biyu.

Aikin adabi

a 1942 ya fara aiki a matsayin marubuci, sko fim na farko shine wasan kwaikwayo Sauƙi mai sauƙi, wanda aka buga a cikin Asabar Maraice Post. Labari ne dangane da hadarin jirginsa. Sannan, ya gabatar da wasan yara na farko: Gremlins (1943). Ƙirƙirar waɗannan littattafan yara na musamman ya kawo masa babban adabi. Daga cikin ayyukansa, nasarorin sun yi fice: Charlie da Kamfanin Chocolate (1964), Bokaye (1983) da Matilda (1988).

Dahl kuma ya shiga cikin salon manya, tare da tatsuniyar barkwanci mai duhu tare da ƙarewar da ba a zata ba. A duk tsawon aikinsa ya rubuta labarai fiye da sittin na irin wannan da aka buga a mujallu kamar: Harper ta, Playboy y Labaran Gida. Daga baya, an tattara su cikin anthologies. Hakanan, an daidaita wasu labarai don fim da talabijin, kamar: Mazajen Kudu y Labarun da ba a zata ba.

A cikin 60s ya rubuta rubutun fim, ɗaya daga cikinsu shine James Bond, Kawai kuna rayuwa sau biyu, karbuwa da wani labari daga Ian Fleming. A cikin 1971 ya daidaita ɗayan littattafan yaransa don fim Willy Wonka da masana'antar cakulan.

Tare da wucewar shekaru, Dahl ya zama fitaccen marubuci. Ya sarrafa litattafai, waƙoƙi, labarai da rubutattun labarai cikin sauƙi. An keɓe keɓewarsa ba kawai ta faɗin aikinsa mai fa'ida ba, har ma ta hanyar sarrafa sayar da kwafi sama da miliyan 200 a duniya.

Mutuwa

Roald Dahl ya mutu a Great Missenden a ranar 23 ga Nuwamba, 1990, bayan ya sha fama da cutar sankarar bargo.

Wasu ayyukan Roald Dahl

Littattafan yara

• Gremlins (1943)
• James da kuma peach ƙato (1961)
• Charlie da Kamfanin Chocolate (1964)
• Yatsun sihiri (1966)
• Super Fox (1970)
• Charlie da babban gilashin lif (1972)
• Danny zakaran duniya (1975)
• El babban kada (1978)
• Da cretins (1980)
• Maganin ban mamaki na Jorge (1981)
• Babban gwarzo mai kyakkyawar dabi'a (1982)
• Bokayen (1983)
• Raƙuman rakumi, ƙwarya da biri (1985)
• Matilda (1988)
• Ruwa Trot (1990)
• Vicar wanda yayi magana baya (1991)
• A mimpins (1991)

Anthology labari

• Babban canji (1974)
• Mafi Kyawun Labaran Roald Dahl (1978)
• Farawa da bala'i (1980)
• Labaran ban mamaki (1977)
• Tatsuniyoyin abin da ba zato ba tsammani (1979)
• Fansa shine nawa SA (1980)
• Kammalallen labarai (2013)