Manyan sunaye a cikin almara na kwanan nan Latin Amurka

Babu shakka cewa Karni na 20 kafa da zamanin zinariya na adabin Latin Amurka. Tun farkon karni, aikin ba da labari ya karu a cikin nahiya, saboda haka, an haifi sabbin marubuta waɗanda daga baya za su zama, daga 40s zuwa 70s, manyan sunaye a cikin Latin Amurka ba kawai har ma adabin duniya.

Trend a cikin labari

A farkon karni na XNUMX, littafin Sifen da Amurkawa ya zabi tsakanin matsayi biyu daban daban:

1. Zamani: daga ita ne gajerun labaran labaran jigogi ta hannun manyan Ruben Dario. A wannan yanayin, sanannun sunaye kamar su mawaƙin ɗan ƙasar Argentina Leopoldo Lugones da kuma ɗan Uruguay Horacio Quiroga, ɗayan sanannun “masu ba da labari” a lokacinsa, sun yi fice.
2. Hakikanin gaskiya da dabi'ar halitta: A ƙarƙashin sunan wannan yanayin, yawancin hanyoyin sabon labari sun fice:

• A gefe daya akwai labari na mexican juyin juya halin.
• Muna kuma da asalin gargajiya (Wanda ya yi tir da zaluntar Indiyawa don bukatun tattalin arziki kawai).
• Kuma a ƙarshe, mun sami labarin duniya, wanda ya tabo batutuwa kamar rikice-rikicen makamai tsakanin wayewa da dabbanci, caciquismo, da sauransu.

Duk da haka, wannan Nuwamba zai kasance har yanzu hasken shekaru daga Bature.

Labari tsakanin 1940s da 1960s

Es Daga 1940 lokacin da labarin Ispaniyan Ba'amurke ya sha wahala a sabuntawar sa'a: an fadada jigogin birane, an kirkiro sabbin abubuwa daga labaran Turai da Arewacin Amurka, da kuma rashin hankali game da yunkurin mika wuya na wannan lokacin.

Wasu daga cikin manyan mutane a cikin almara na kwanan nan Latin Amurka

A wannan lokacin ne waɗannan manyan marubutan da kowa ya san kowa ya fice:

• Jorge Luis Borges: Aikinsa ya zama abin misali wanda ba za a iya shakku a kansa ba ga duk labarin da zai biyo baya. Haɗa ilimin falsafa da zantuka tare da kyawawan abubuwa, abubuwan yau da kullun da ban dariya. Littafinsa yana kasancewa tsakanin tsaka-tsakin gardawa da sabbin hanyoyin littafin. Wannan mawallafin ya fice sama da komai don labaransa, wanda aka buga a ciki «Almara (1944), "The Aleph" (1949) y "Littafin yashi" (1975).

• Juan Carlos Onetti: Wannan marubucin dan kasar Uruguay wanda ya mutu a 1994 ya rubuta labarai da litattafai tare da hangen nesa na wanzuwar rayuwa. Ayyukansa sun yi fice "Filin jirgin ruwa" y «Hukumar Kula da Gawar».

• Ernesto Sabato: A cikin ayyukansa, Sábato ya yi magana game da aikata laifi, mutuwa, kadaici, muguntar mutane da labaran mummunan ƙauna da rashin farin ciki. Ayyukansa sun yi fice "Ramin" buga a 1948.

• Miguel Angel Asturias: Littafinsa mafi mahimmanci shine "Mista Shugaba" kuma tare da marubucin Jose Maria Arguedas, daidai yake wakiltar abin da ake kira da labarin zamantakewa.

• Alejo kafinta: Marubucin Kuba na littafin labari "Zamanin wayewa", shine farkon wanda zai inganta labarin na realismo mágico. Tun daga wannan lokacin, sauran mawallafa sun fito da irin wannan labarin, kamar wasu daga waɗanda ke biye da su.

• Julio Cortazar: Kowa ya san shi, marubucin Argentina, marubucin littafin labari "Hopscotch" ne halin ta m gwaji na yau da kullun kuma don nazarin mutumin zamani.

• Augusto Roa Bastos: Paraguay marubucin aikin "Ni ne babba", da sauransu.

• Juan Rulfo: Marubucin Meziko wanda ya zama ɗayan mashahuran sabon salo tare da labaransa.

• Carlos Fuentes: Karin bayanai a cikin labari na gwaji yin nazarin ayyukansa na yau da kullun game da zamantakewar al'umma da tattalin arziki, yana mai da hankali na musamman ga Juyin Juya Halin Mexico. Shi ne marubucin littattafai kamar "Kan hydar", da aka buga a 1978 da "Mutuwar Artemio Cruz" (1962) da sauransu.

• Gabriel García Márquez: Ba tare da wata shakka ba shahararriyar marubuciya kuma shahararriyar marubuciya ta manyan Hisan Hispaniyan Amurka masu ba da labari. In an ce Gabo shi ne a ce Macondo, shine suna "Kanal din ba shi da wanda zai rubuta masa", shine a tuna "Shekaru Dari Na Kadaici" o "An Bayyana Tarihin Mutuwa", a tsakanin sauran manyan litattafan da ya bari a matsayin gado.

• Mario Vargas Llosa: An bayyana shi ta hanyar bincike a ciki fasahar labari kazalika da ta mawuyacin littafinsa.

Sauran sunaye ba su da mahimmanci kamar waɗanda aka gani har yanzu

• Agustín Yanez (Meziko, 1904-1980).
• Mario Benedetti (ɗan ƙasar Uruguay, a shekara ta 1920-2009).
• Manuel Mújica Láinez (ɗan Argentina, 1910-1984).
• José Lezama Lima (Cuba, 1912-1977).
• Adolfo Bioy Casares (dan Argentina, 1914-1999).
• José Donoso (Chile, 1925-1996).
• Guillermo Cabrera Infante (Cuba, 1929-2005).
• Valvaro Mutis (Kolombiya, 1923-2013).
• Osvaldo Soriano (dan kasar Argentina, 1943-1997).
• Manuel Puig (dan kasar Argentina, 1932-1990).
• Manuel Scorza (Peruvian, 1928-1977).
• Augusto Monterroso (Guatemalan, 1921-2003).
• Antonio Skármeta (dan kasar Chile, 1940).
• Isabel Allende (ɗan ƙasar Chile, 1942).
• Luis Sepúlveda (dan kasar Chile, 1949).
• Roberto Bolaño (dan kasar Chile, 1953-2003).
• Eduardo Galeano (Uruguay, 1940-2015).
• Cristina Peri Rossi (yar kasar Uruguay, 1941).
• Laura Esquivel (Mezikowa, 1950).
• Zoe Valdés (Cuba, 1959).