Hatsuna manya guda uku.
Hatsuna manya guda uku wasa ne wanda ya sabunta salon wasan kwaikwayo a tsakiyar tsaka mai wuya a Spain kuma a Turai. Wannan sabon salon zai yi baftisma a tsakiyar karni na XNUMX a matsayin "wauta". Wannan bayyanar ta kasance ta halin ƙyamar ƙa'idodi na gargajiyar wasan kwaikwayo na bourgeois, kodayake ba tare da kawar da kansu gaba ɗaya daga tsarin yau da kullun wanda ke tattare da kusanci, rikici da sakamako.
Written by michael mihura a 1932, Hatsuna manya guda uku ba a buga shi ba sai a 1947 kuma farkon fara shi ya kasance a cikin 1952. Tabbatacce ne mai dacewa daidai da sauran abubuwan da ake yi a wancan lokacin, irin su sadaukarwa da wasan kwaikwayo na siyasa, waɗanda aka banbanta da jigoginsu masu mahimmanci game da sabani na al'umma. Hakanan wannan yanayin ya fice don haɓaka harshen waƙa azaman wata hanya ta tsokana da bayyana yanayi.
Sobre el autor
Haihuwa da sana'o'in farko
An haifi Miguel Mihura a Madrid, Spain, a ranar 21 ga Yuli, 1905. Mahaifinsa sanannen ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne a babban birnin Sifen, wanda ya girma ya san yanayin wasan kwaikwayo. Ayyukansa na farko sun kasance a matsayin marubuci kuma mai zane-zane a cikin mujallu kamar su Gutiérrez, Macaco, Kyakkyawan Abin dariya y Muchas Gracias. A lokacin 1920s ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida.
Zuwan na Hula uku copa
A cikin 1932 ya ƙare Hatsuna manya guda uku, yayi la'akari da ɗayan manyan ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo na Sifen. Koyaya, fahimtar abubuwan da ya kirkira basu faru da sauri ba, ya faru ne sama da shekaru goma bayan kafawa da jagorantar mujallar tsakanin 1941 da 1946 Kwarto, littafin da aka ɗauka yana da matukar mahimmanci a tarihin baƙon Spanish.
Sauran ayyuka
Sauran sanannun wasan kwaikwayo na Mihura sun haɗa da Long rayuwa abin da ba zai yiwu ba! ko akawun wata (a matsayin marubucin marubucin, 1939), Ba talaka ko mai arziki, akasin haka ne (1943), Batun matar da aka kashe (1946), Shawara daukaka! (1955), Maribel da baƙon dangi (1959) y Ninette da wani ɗan kirki daga Murcia (1964), da sauransu. 'Yanci, nuna kyama ga ka'idojin zamantakewar yau da kullun da' yantar da mata sune jigogi masu yawa a cikin labaransa.
Ganewa da shekarun da suka gabata
Ayyukansa na ƙarshe, Kawai soyayya da wata suke kawo arziki, tun daga shekarar 1968. Bugu da ƙari, ya ba da haɗin gwiwa wajen haɓaka rubutun fim a cikin mahimman abubuwa kamar Maraba da Mista Marshall (a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Luis García Berlanga). An zaɓi Miguel Mihura a cikin 1976 don ya hau kujerar K na Royal Spanish Academy of Harshe, duk da haka, bai sami karanta jawabin shigar ba. Ya mutu a watan Oktoba 1977, a Madrid.
Miguel Mihura.
Manyan Hatsuna Uku
Alamar alama
Symbolism shine ɗayan keɓaɓɓun sifofin aikin da Mihura ya ƙirƙira. A cikin wakilcinsa tunanin yana taka rawar da ta dace sosai don yin tunani da tsokanar ji. Hakanan, labarin yana nuna saɓani game da halayyar zamantakewar al'umma ta lokacin, da kuma matsalar ainihi wanda rikici ya haifar tsakanin bayyanar da aka nufa da gaskiyar.
Bayyana ra'ayi
Halin halayyar bayyana ra'ayi abu ne mai yawa yayin bayyana ilimin halayyar haruffa. Wannan saboda duk abubuwan da ke cikin kowane zane (bukukuwan maraice ko hulunan da aka tsara ta wata hanya a cikin ɗaki, misali) wakilci ne na takamaiman faɗa a cikin zuciyar kowane mutum.
Sakarcin
Dionisio, mai gabatarwa, ya ƙunshi rikice-rikicen cikin gida wanda mutane da yawa suka sha wahala daga ajin masu kyau yayin da zasu yanke hukunci tsakanin rayuwar yau da kullun da aka tsara - mai banƙyama, a zahiri - ko kuma rayuwar fasaha tare da ƙananan alaƙa, mafi rashin tabbas da tsaurarawa. Marubucin ya yi amfani da izgili don dariya da tsoratar da waɗanda suka gwammace su zauna cikin amincin sanannun maimakon rashin tabbas na ban sha'awa. Wannan abin tunawa ne Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na ban dariya na Sifen na farkon karni na XNUMX.
Sanarwa game da ɗabi'ar tsarkakakke
A ci gaban labarin, akwai raini akai-akai game da kalmomin gargajiya da ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodin ladabi da ƙa'idodin ladabi na zamantakewar 'yan bourgeois. Bayan haka, Mihura ya yi amfani da yanayin kewayen circus don aiwatar da sabon tsari mai ban mamaki wanda lambobin acrobatic suka mamaye shi, mimes, harshe mara kyau da zato, haka kuma, ana fuskantar matsalolin yau da kullun tare da sautin ba'a.
Wani da ake tsammani asalin aikin
A cewar Rosa Martínez Graciá da Caridad Miralles Alcobas (2016), "an rubuta aikin ne sakamakon karyewar soyayyar tilas". A bayyane yake, gaskiya da almara sun haɗu tare da tunanin marubucin game da iyakar muguntar ɗan adam. Tunani da aka samo daga "tafiyarsa tare da kamfanin Alady, iliminsa na zauren kiɗa da 'yan mata masu rawa, da kuma yanayin motsin kansa" suma sun haɗu.
Ci gaban makircin Manyan Hatsuna Uku
An rarraba aikin zuwa ayyuka uku. Gabatarwar ta nuna auren da bai dace ba ya kusa faruwa, tsakanin wani talaka mai kwadayin ma'aikaci da ke shirye ya yarda da tilasta al'adun bourgeois da wata budurwa mai kudi ta sama. Ta wannan hanyar, fitaccen jarumin (Dionisio) yana fatan tabbatar da daidaituwar tattalin arziki da kwanciyar hankali har tsawon rayuwarsa bayan shekaru bakwai na zawarci.
Dokar i
A farkon aiki, Dionisio ya zauna a cikin wani karamin otal na lardin ranar daurin aurensa tare da Margarita, 'yar Don Sacramento. A lokacin da Don Rosario — maigidan otel din ke nuna masa dakin. Daga baya, Paula, kyakkyawar mai rawa wacce take cikin ƙungiyar kamfani, ta faɗo. Da farko ta so ta yi masa baƙar fata ta cikin Buby ɗin baƙar fata. Amma Paula tayi kuskure Dionisio ga mai jujjuya saboda kawai yana ƙoƙari ne akan manyan hulunan sa don bikin lokacin da ta bayyana. Sauran 'yan matan daga kamfanin sun shiga wurin kuma Dionisio ya ba da shawarar ga Paula ta gayyace shi zuwa bikin da za a fara da shi a cikin daki na gaba.
In ji Miguel Mihura.
Dokar ii
Aiki na biyu ya fara ne tare da Dionisio (tuni ya sha da ɗan abubuwan sha a sama) yana mai farin ciki a tsakiyar jam'iyyar. Lokaci guda, rikici yana faruwa tsakanin Paula da yawancin membobin kamfanin. Ana jin daɗin wannan musamman lokacin da ta sumbaci Dionisio sannan kuma suna yin shirin su tafi tare. Gaskiya za a faɗi, Paula kuma tana da nata buƙatun na 'yantar da ita daga rayuwarta ta yau da kullun kamar mai rawa.
Dokar iii
A aiki na uku, duk rudu na Dionisio da Paula sun watse yayin da Don Sacramento ya bayyana. Yana zuwa ya tsawata wa surukinsa na gaba saboda kar ya amsa yawan kiran wayar da Margarita ta yi masa a cikin dare. A wannan lokacin Paula ta fahimci cewa Dionisio ba mai jujjuya ba ne, domin a zahiri yana da aure a sararin samaniya kuma an tsara rayuwar gaba ɗaya.
Dionisio a fili ya bayyana cewa baya son yin aure. Amma Paula ta taimaka masa ya yi ado kuma ta ba shi hular ta huɗu (mafi dacewa, bisa ga ƙa'idodin yarinyar) cewa ya kasance yana rawa zuwa Charleston. A karshen, Don Rosario ne ke jagorantar Dionisio yayin da yake gaisawa da dan wasan wanda aka barshi yana tunanin wasu manyan huluna uku three wanda ya jefawa iska tare da kuka.