Kalaman Juan Ramón Jiménez.
Lokacin da mai amfani da Intanet ke bincika "manyan ayyuka Juan Ramón Jiménez", sakamakon yana nuni zuwa manyan sanannun taken sa guda uku. Wato, Da kaɗaici mai kaɗaici (1911), Platero da ni (1914) y Diary na sabon aure mawaki (1916). A cikinsu yana yiwuwa a gano sanannun sifofin fasalinsa: batun magana, kamala, tunani, neman lahira da “kyawun ƙyama”.
Koyaya, a cikin kowane bita na wallafe-wallafen yana iya zama mai son zuciya don iyakance kansa kawai ga abubuwan da aka ambata. Bayan duk wannan, waɗannan waƙoƙin waƙar wanda ya ci kyautar Nobel ce ta Adabi. Menene ƙari, a kowane ɗayan matakan kirkirar sa —Shin hankali (1889 - 1915), mai hankali (1916 - 1936), kuma gaskiya ne (1937 - 1958) - buga wasu muhimman rubuce-rubuce a lokacinsa.
Rayuwar Juan Ramón Jiménez
Haihuwa da karatu
An haife shi a Moguer, Spain, a ranar 23 ga Disamba, 1881. Iyayensa, Víctor Jiménez da Purificación Mantecón López-Parejo, sun kasance cikin kasuwancin giya. Little Juan Ramón ya halarci makarantar firamare a Colegio de Primera y Segunda Enseñanza de San José. Daga baya, ya tafi Cibiyar "La Rábida" (Huelva) kuma ya yi karatun sakandare a San Luis Gonzaga Academy a Puerto de Santa María.
Da farko, Jiménez ya yi imanin cewa aikinsa zane ne; Da wannan a zuciyarsa, ya koma Seville a cikin shekarar 1896. Ko da yake, a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci ya kammala rubutunsa na farko da rubuce-rubucen ayoyi sannan daga baya ya zama mai ba da gudummawa ga jaridu da mujallu da yawa na Andalus. A layi daya, ya fara - ta hanyar tilastawa iyaye - aikin Shari'a a Jami'ar Seville (Ya bar ta a 1899).
Damuwa
a 1900 ya koma Madrid, inda ya buga Nymphaeas y Rayuka na violet, littattafansa guda biyu na farko. A waccan shekarar ya fada cikin tsananin damuwa bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa da kuma asarar dukiyar iyali da ta biyo baya a cikin takaddama da Banco de Bilbao.
Sakamakon haka, an kwantar da Jiménez a asibitin mahaukata a Bordeaux sannan daga baya aka kwantar da shi a Sanatorio del Rosario a babban birnin Spain. A zahiri, bakin ciki ya kasance yanayi ne mai yawa a duk rayuwar mawakin. Musamman, bayan ɓarkewar Yaƙin basasa tare da ƙarfafa ikon mulkin kama karya na Franco da mutuwar ɗan ɗan uwansa a wannan rikici.
Mai raunin zuciya
Kafin zama gaskiya Casanova, marubucin Andalusiya yana matukar kaunar Blanca Hernández Pinzón, ake magana a kai a cikin ayoyin a matsayin "farin amarya." Daga baya, "bai nuna wariya ba" ko asali, ko sana'a ko matsayin aure don al'amuran soyayyarsa. Yana da su kowane iri: matan aure, mata marasa aure, baƙi, har ma - a cewar José A. Exposito, editansa - har ma da zuhudu.
Marubutan Juan Ramón Jiménez
Mataki mai mahimmanci (1898 - 1915)
Donjuán de Jiménez abubuwan da suka faru suna da mahimmanci saboda kalmomin da ke nuna su, musamman a ciki Littattafan soyayya (1911-12), an tsara shi cikin baitoci 104. Wannan matakin shine mafi kyawun marubutan Huesca. A ciki ya nuna halin zamani da alamun adabi na wancan lokacin tare da tasirin tasirin Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer.
ma, a ƙarshen wannan matakin tasirin tasirin alama ta Faransa wanda masana ilimi suka ƙunsa kamar Charles Baudelaire ko Paul Verlaine, da sauransu. Sakamakon haka, a cikin ayyukansa akwai mahimmancin yanayin wuri mai faɗi da ingantattun albarkatu, inda maƙogwaro ke ci gaba da jin daɗi.
Da kaɗaici mai kaɗaici (1911)
Wannan ɗayan ƙaramin karatun waka ne na Jiménez, amma bai dace da hakan ba. Tunda sifofin da aka gabatar a yanki, da kuma abubuwan da ke ciki, sun sake tabbatar da nisantar mawaƙin daga “gadon” zamani. Sabili da haka, wannan aikin yana wakiltar buɗewar sabunta waƙa sosai don lokacinta.
Gashi:
“Zinaren maraice ya zama ruwan hoda;
kayan lambu suna nan kuma shudi yana da sanyi;
kuma a cikin rudu na rana, malam buɗe ido yana tashi
elegiac, indolent, m "...
Platero da ni (1914)
Malaman ilimi suna ɗaukar sa a matsayin ɗayan mahimman rubutun rubutu a cikin Mutanen Espanya kowane lokaci. Hakanan, don Jiménez yana nufin canzawa daga tsarin ilimin adabi zuwa na sifa mai ma'ana wanda aka loda da kyawawan halaye da yawaitar siffantawa. Saboda haka, Maƙerin Azurfa Yana kama da labarin yara, amma tabbas ba haka bane (marubucin ne da kansa).
A gefe guda, duk da ambaton akai-akai game da asalinsa Andalus da wasu daidaituwa na sirri, kuma ba asusun ajiyar rayuwa bane. A zahiri, Jiménez ya ƙirƙiri waƙoƙin waƙoƙi na gaske masu kyan gani, rashin tsarin tsarin lokaci. Amma lokaci kamar yana shudewa gaba har abada, inda farawa da ƙarewa suke wakiltar yanayi.
Gashi:
“Platero karami ne, mai gashi, mai laushi; mai laushi a waje, dayan zai ce an yi shi da auduga, wanda bashi da kashi. Idanuwan jet ne kawai na idanunsa suna da wuya kamar baƙaƙen ƙwaro mai baƙin gilashi biyu "(…)" Yana da taushi da taushi kamar yaro, kamar yarinya…, amma bushe kuma mai ƙarfi a ciki kamar dutse ".
Sauran ayyuka daga matsayin mai ban mamaki na Jiménez
- Waƙoƙi (1902).
- Sad ariya (1902).
- Lambuna masu nisa (1904).
- Melancholia (1912).
- Labyrinth (1913).
Mataki na ilimi (1916 - 1936)
A wannan lokacin - yayi baftisma ta haka da kansa - mawaƙin Andalusiya ya sami zurfin alaƙa da wasu mahimman abubuwan da suka faru. Na farko, balaguronsa na farko zuwa Amurka da kuma tunkarar waƙoƙin Anglo-Saxon na marubuta kamar Blake, Yeats, E. Dickinson da Shelley, da sauransu.
Taron na biyu shine aurensa da Zenobia Camprubí, abokin aminci har zuwa shekarunsa na ƙarshe. Aƙarshe, tekun ya zama abin motsawa mai mahimmanci, saboda don Jiménez teku yana nufin rayuwa, sirri, kaɗaici, farin ciki da kuma dawwamammen yanzu.
Diary na sabon aure mawaki (1917)
Kamar yadda sunan ya bayyana, A cikin wannan aikin, Jiménez ya bayyana tasirin da aurensa na kwanan nan tare da Camprubí ya haifar. Haka kuma, zamanintakar New York ya canza tunanin ta game da duniya kuma ya haifar da bayyanar baitukan waƙoƙi wanda ba kayan adon ado ba. Inda ake son amfani da sunaye tsirara don tayar da hotunan farko.
Bugu da ƙari, Juan Ramón Jiménez nisanta kanta daga nau'ikan waƙoƙin gargajiya don cutar da wani abin mamakin da ke tattare da dabara (saboda haka mahimmancin sa). Irin wannan haɗin yana nuna alamar rikicewar rikice-rikice na babban birni mai cike da bambanci. Musamman, a cikin wannan aikin nau'ikan waƙoƙin da aka ambata a ƙasa sun dace:
- Wakokin karin magana
- Ayoyi
- Storiesananan labarai
- Axioms
- Gregueries
- Karin bayanan rubutu
Sauran ayyukan daga matakin ilimi na Juan Ramón Jiménez
- Bazara (1916).
- Sonnets na ruhaniya (1917).
- Madawwami (1918).
- Dutse da sama (1919).
- Kyawawan kai (1923).
- Waƙa (1935).
Matsayi na gaskiya (1937 - 1958)
Ya fara ne tare da gudun hijirar Jiménez tare da matarsa zuwa nahiyar Amurka saboda Yakin Basasa na Spain. Saboda haka, canjin kuzari a cikin waƙoƙin ya zama abin faɗuwa, mawaƙi wanda abin ya shafa da baƙin ciki game da abubuwan da ke faruwa a ƙasarsa. Dangane da haka, halittunsa sun zama masu rufin asiri, masu tunani, da ruhaniya.
Abinda ya kara dagula al'amarin shine, matarsa ta rasu a shekarar 1956 bayan ta yi fama da cutar daji.. A saboda wannan dalili, damuwar sa ta kai har bai je ya karɓi kyautar Nobel ta Adabin da aka samu 'yan kwanaki kafin ya yi takaba ba. Wannan zurfin tunani da lalacewa sun kasance tare da mawakin har zuwa ranar mutuwarsa, wanda ya faru a ranar 29 ga Mayu, 1958.
Lakabin ainihin matakin Jiménez
- Muryoyi daga waka ta (1945).
- Jimlar tashar (1946).
- Coral Gables Romances (1948).
- Dabba ta asali (1949).
- Wani tudu (1950).
Labari (1978 - mutuwar gawa)
Wannan littafin ya cancanci ambatonsa na musamman saboda shine cikakken bita da Juan Ramón Jiménez da kansa yayi game da aikinsa (1896 - 1956). Antonio Sánchez Romeralo ne ya buga shi kuma daga baya ya sami ingantaccen bugu a 2006 daga María Estela Arretche.
