Mafi kyawun Marubutan Amurka

Duk da samun ɗan gajeren tarihi idan aka kwatanta da ƙasashen tsohuwar nahiyar, Amurka ta bayyana wani ɓangare na halin da ake ciki yanzu a Yammacin duniya. Juyin Halitta cewa wadannan mafi kyawun marubutan Amurka sun kasance suna nunawa a cikin shekaru 200 da suka gabata suna taka rawa a cikin al'ada da tunanin ƙasar da Donald Trump ke mulki a halin yanzu.

Ernest Hemingway

Dauke ɗayan manyan marubuta na karni na XNUMXHemingway ya kasance ɗan kasada, mutum mai iya gano sababbin wurare ga duniya ta hanyar labaran sa. Arfafawa daga abin da ake kira "ɓataccen ƙarni" wanda ya ƙunshi baƙi waɗanda kamar su, suka yi yaƙin duniya na farko, Hemingway ya fitar da hoton wannan almara ta Spain a cikin littafinsa shindig, ɗaukaka na babban birnin Faransa na Paris ta kasance biki ko kuma al'amuran Afirka na Dusar kankara ta Kilimanjaro. Sha'awarsa ga teku za ta kai shi Cuba, inda zai rubuta sanannen aikinsa, Tsohon mutum da teku, wanda aka buga a 1952. Bayan shekara guda, marubucin zai ci nasara Kyautar Nobel a cikin Adabi don girmama dukkan aikinsa.

William Faulkner

Wanda ya lashe kyautar Nobel a adabi a 1949, Faulkner na ɗaya daga cikin 'Swararrun masanan adabin Amurka na farko ta hanyar yin amfani da fasahohin ba da labari daga marubutan Turai kamar su Virginia Woolf ko James Joyce. Aikinsa, wanda ke tattare da kalmomin ƙamus, da jimloli masu tsawo da sababbin gwaje-gwaje irin su maganganun cikin gida, ya ƙunshi ayyuka kamar Hayaniya da fushin, wanda ke kan gidan Compson wanda ya lalace, ko kuma tatsuniyoyin biyu na Dabino na daji, ban da rashin iyaka na gajerun labarai kunshe a cikin tarinsa Tattara labarai.

Mark Twain

Wanda William Faulkner ya dauke shi a matsayin "mahaifin adabin Amurka", Twain ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan marubutan zamaninsa, musamman bayan buga labarin batagari Shahararren tsallen kwado na gundumar Calaveras a 1865, wanda ya ja hankalin duk kasar . Hali ne na sukar lamiri mai tsananin sanyi da maƙasudin duniya, aikin Twain ya bar irin waɗannan mashahuran litattafai kamar Yarima da Mabiya o Gabatarwar Tom Sawyer, wanda ya biyo bayan cigabanta Kasadar Huckleberry Finn.

Emily Dickinson

Shekaru 150 da suka gabata, fagen adabin bai fahimci mata marubuta ba, yanayin da zai yi nauyi ga wanzuwar daya daga cikin manyan mawaka na tarihi: Emily Dickinson. Mai hankali kuma mai adanawa, marubuciyar ta yi wani ɓangare na ƙarshen shekarun rayuwarta a kulle cikin ɗaki tara har Wakoki 1800 wanda guda goma ne kawai aka buga a lokacin rayuwarsa. Abin farin ciki, lokaci ya bamu damar ceton wasu manyan ayyukanda na Dickinson, dukkansu soyayya, barkwanci ko Baibul sun rinjayi su kuma suna da gajeren layi ko waƙoƙin da ba su dace ba wanda ya jagoranci wasu editocin canza waƙoƙin da aka buga.

Harper Lee

Kodayake ba shi da cikakken littafin tarihin, an yaba wa Lee da ƙirƙirar abin da ɗayan manyan ayyukan adabin Amurka: Kashe Tsuntsun Mocking. Sakamakon yarintar da yake da alamun gwaji wanda mahaifinsa ya halarta kuma wanda abokinsa ya rako shi Truman Capote, Lee ya bayyana wani ɓangare na hangen nesan akan batutuwa kamar wariyar launin fata ko machismo zuwa ga aikin da ya daukaka darajar jarumarta, lauya Atticus Finch, wanda ya sa ya zama gwarzo na kasa wanda ya zama dole a cikin shekaru goma kamar na 60. Rubutun farko na aikin, Tafi ka aika mai aikawa, an buga shi a cikin 2015, shekara guda kafin mutuwar Lee.

Truman Capote

Gaskiya ne kuma, Capote ya girma a gonaki daban-daban a kudancin Amurka inda ya fara yin rubutu a matsayin wata hanya don rage keɓewa. Tuni a lokacin samartakarsa, nasarar labaransa na farko ya sanya masa laƙabi da "almajirin Poe", matakin da zai danganta da nasarar Karin kumallo tare da lu'ulu'u, wanda aka buga a 1958 kuma ya dace da silima a shekara ta 1961. Koyaya, babbar nasarar sa zata kasance Sanyi-jini, wanda aka buga a cikin 1966 bincike mai zurfi wanda ya kafa ginshiƙan abin da ake kira "sabon aikin jarida."

John Steinbeck

Rayuwar Steinbeck na iya yin wahayi zuwa littafi a cikin kanta: daga aikin da yake yi a gonakin Californian inda ya sadu da gaskiyar baƙi, zuwa abubuwan da ya gani a New York da ke cikin aikin ginin Madison Square Garden, daga baya John Steinbeck ya tsaya. Kalifoniya, inda bayan rayuwa a kan fa'idodin zamantakewa tare da matarsa ​​ya fara rubuta wasu manyan ayyukansa. Daga cikin mahimman abubuwa sune Gabas ta eden, Lu'ulu'u ko, musamman, Inabin Fushi, X-ray na wani Babban mawuyacin hali wanda a cikin shekarun 30 ya sa iyalai da yawa daga ciki na Amurka yin ƙaura zuwa California, suka yi la'akari da ƙasar dama. Marubucin ya ci nasara Kyautar Nobel a cikin Adabi a 1962.

Edgar Allan Poe

A gaban dukkan marubutan Amurka na karni na XNUMX, Poe ya shuka zuriyar marubuci mai wadatar kansa, ko wanda ke da'awar ya rayu akan rubuce rubucen sa sama da komai. Alamar mummunan yanayi na yarinta, shaye-shayensa na shaye-shaye da kwayoyi ko ƙoƙari na kashe kansa daban-daban, Poe ya tofa albarkacin bakin wani ɓangare na sararin samaniyarsa a cikin zaɓi na labarai kamar su Kwarin Zinare o Babu kayayyakin samu. hakan zai aza harsashin ginin Adabin ban mamaki wanzuwar wasu marubutan shekaru bayan haka.

Stephen King

Idan akwai wani mawallafi na zamani wanda zai iya karkatar da mafi tsoron mutum, to shi ne Stephen King, «master of ta'addanci»Kuma marubucin ayyuka har guda hamsin waɗanda suka sami babban nasarar jama'a. Kodayake hanyoyin da ba na al'ada ba lokacin rubuta littattafansa sun sha suka daga masana, King ya sami damar yin ayyuka kamar su mũnin, It, Makabartar dabbobi, Carrie o Haskelittattafan gaskiya na adabin ban tsoro na zamani, yawancinsu sun dace da babban allo tare da babban nasarar ofishin.

Menene mafi kyawun marubutan Amurka a gare ku? Wanne ne daga cikin littattafansa ka fi so?