Labarin da aka tsara a nan gaba, gabaɗaya ana magana akan gaskiyar dystopian wanda ya mamaye zane da wasiƙu shekaru da yawa, koyaushe yana ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan da masu karatu ke yabawa. Tabbacin wannan sune waɗannan mafi kyawun littattafan rayuwa wanda ya haifar da fiye da ɗaya suyi mamakin ko Duniya, kamar yadda muka san ta a yau, tana kan kyakkyawar hanya.
Na'urar Lokaci, ta HG Wells
Shekaru da yawa kafin Orson Welles ya shuka tsoro a Amurka ta hanyar watsa rikodin rediyo wanda yayi gargaɗi game da zuwan baƙi daga littafin HG Wells Yaƙin Duniya, ɗayan marubuta masu hangen nesa na zamaninsa wanda aka ƙaddamar Lokacin inji, aikin farko na adabin tatsuniyoyin kimiyya. An buga shi a cikin 1895, aikin ya samar da kalmar «lokaci Machine»Tare da shi ne jarumin, masanin kimiyyar karni na 802.701, ya yi tafiya zuwa shekara ta XNUMX don gano samuwar halittun da ake kira Eloi ba tare da al'ada ko hankali ba. Na gargajiya.
Jarumi Sabuwar Duniya, ta Aldous Huxley
Oh abin mamaki!
Da yawa kyawawan halittu suna nan!
Yaya kyakkyawar mutumtaka! Oh duniya mai dadi
inda mutane irin wannan suke zaune.
Waɗannan kalmomin da aka ambata ta halin Miranda a cikin wasan kwaikwayo The Tempest, na William Shakespeare, zai zama cikakkiyar wahayi ga Huxley lokacin rubutu Duniya mai farin ciki, mafi girman aikin sa kuma daya daga cikin mafi kyawun littattafan rayuwa na gaba. An buga shi a cikin 1932, labarin ya kai mu ga ƙungiyar masu amfani da goyan bayan hypnopedia, ko ikon koyo ta hanyar mafarki ana amfani da shi ga mutanen da aka horar a cikin sura da suran layin taro. Wata duniya "mai farin ciki" ta samu ne sanadiyyar danniyar al'adu, dunkulewar duniya ko kuma batun "iyali" a duniya kamar yadda muka sanshi a yau. Saukarwa (mai girma)
Ni, mutum-mutumi, na Isaac Asimov
- Dokar farko ta mutum-mutumi: Wani mutum-mutumi ba zai iya cutar da ɗan adam ba ko, ta hanyar rashin aiki, ƙyale ɗan adam ya cutu.
- Doka ta biyu: Dole ne mutum-mutum-mutumi yayi biyayya ga umarnin da mutane suka bayar, saidai idan waɗannan sun saɓa da doka ta farko.
- Doka ta uku: Dole ne mutum-mutumi ya kare mutuncin kansa, matukar dai hakan ba zai hana bin doka ta farko da ta biyu ba.
Waɗannan dokokin uku sun kasance tushen tushen Triaddamarwar Gidauniyar, jerin litattafai da labarai wanda Asimov ya zama dasu mai gani a wani lokaci, 30s, lokacin da kimiyya ta fara farawa. Daga dukkan labaran da aka ƙunsa, Yo robot mai yuwuwa shine mafi mashahuri daga cikinsu, yana wakiltar ta hanyar da ta fi ba da labari game da rikicin da mutum-mutumi wanda aka kirkira a matsayin babbar ƙawancen al'umma a nan gaba bashi da nisa sosai.
1984, na George Orwell
La Yakin duniya na biyu hakan ya haifar da imani ga masu tunani da yawa cewa 'yan Adam na iya zama abokan gabarsu kuma suyi amfani da mulkin kama karya don lalata freedoman Adam. Saboda haka, a cikin 1949, ƙaddamar da littafin Orwell ya sami karɓuwa daga masu karatu waɗanda suka samo a cikin shafinta wahayi wanda aka sanar da shi na dogon lokaci. An saita a cikin Landan na wani dystopian shekara 1984, littafin ya gabatar da shahararren albarkatu na Babban Yaya, babban ƙawancen Policean sanda na Tunani yayin da ya shafi sarrafa al'umma inda yin tunani ko bayyana kai ta wata hanya dabam da wacce aka kafa an hana shi kwata-kwata. Shekaru bayan 1984, al'umma ba ta ba da kanta ga irin wannan yanayin na dystopian ba, amma ikon da sabbin fasahohi ke amfani da shi ko mulkin kama-karya da ke akwai ya tabbatar da cewa, wataƙila, ba mu da nisa.
Kuna so ku karanta 1984by George Orwell?
Fahrenheit 451, na Ray Bradbury
Ana ɗauka tare da 1984 na baya da Brave New World a matsayin "Trinity" na dystopian littattafai na zamaninmu, Fahrenheit 451 ya zama isharar kai tsaye ga adabi, zane-zane wanda nan gaba yana da haɗari ga bil'adama, tunda yana sanya su yin tunani da yawa da fara yiwa kansu tambayoyi. Saboda haka mai aikin, mai aikin kashe gobara mai suna Guy Montag, an ba shi amanar aikin ƙona littattafai. Sunan labari, wanda yake nuni zuwa yanayin zafi a kan sikelin Fahrenheit wanda littattafai suka fara konewa (kwatankwacin 232,8ºC), ya faɗi kai tsaye daga tasirin ɗayan wahayin Bradbury, Edgar Allan Poe, don gaya mana wani labari mara daɗi kamar yadda yake da ƙarfi wanda ya dace da fim din a shekarar 1966 daga mai hangen nesa François Truffaut.
Hanyar, ta Cormac McCarthy
Centuryarnin na XNUMX ya zama lokaci mai kyau ga dystopian da futuristic labari, juya yanayin zuwa mafi kyawun injiniyar al'adu idan yazo da tunani. Misali mai kyau shine Hanya, daya daga cikin mafi kyawun litattafan Amurkawa na shekaru ashirin da suka gabata kamar yadda kuma ya nuna nasarar cinikinsa ko Pulitzer da James Tait Black Memorial Awards McCarthy suka karɓa 'yan watanni bayan wallafa littafin a cikin 2006. Saiti a cikin Duniya mai zuwa wanda wata masifa da ba a fayyace a cikin littafin ta tsara ba, wasan kwaikwayon ya bi sawun mahaifi da dansa ta duniyar turbaya, kadaici da, kafin komai , yunwa, babban abin da ke haifar da jarumai don fuskantar sabbin mutane masu cin naman sararin samaniya.
Wasannin Yunwa, na Suzanne Collins
A jihar gaba ta Panem, Capitol ya mamaye gundumomi 12 masu fama da talauci. Wannan shine dalilin da yasa mashahurin shugaba Snow duk shekara ya dauki wani yaro daga kowace jiha domin ya shiga cikin gasa ta talabijin da ake kira Wasan abinci, inda aikin ya kunshi kawar da duk masu adawa har sai ya zama mai nasara. Al'adar da ake kalubalanta bayan zuwan Kat niss ever deen, jarumi na bangarori uku da aka buga a 2008, 2009 da 2010, wanda ya haifar da shahara fim saga tare da Jennifer Lawrence. Ofaya daga cikin litattafan dystopian masu nasara waɗanda suka sami nasara a cikin samfuran kwanan nan kuma tushen wahayi ga sauran ayyukan kamala kamar Mai Bambanta ko Maze Runner, wanda aka buga a shekarun baya.
Menene, a gare ku, mafi kyawun littattafan rayuwa a cikin tarihi?