Bincike mafi kyawun littattafan ilimin halayyar ɗan adam shine ɗayan mafi yawan buƙata tsakanin masu karatun Sifanisanci. Bayan duk wannan, game da ilimin hankali ne; horo da aka samo daga falsafa kuma wanda asalinsa ya samo asali tun daga ƙarni na XNUMX. Bugu da kari, wannan halin yanzu ya zo hannu da hannu tare da karfafawa (ilimi ta hanyar kwarewa), wanda ya haifar da nazarin halayyar mutum.
Sakamakon haka - idan aka kwatanta shi da sauran ilimin zamantakewar al'umma - yanki ne na ilimi wanda yake da ɗan kwanan nan (ba tare da wannan yana rage iota na dacewa ba). A zamanin yau, ilimin halayyar dan adam ya kunshi fannoni da yawa (na asibiti, na zaman jama'a da fahimta, da sauransu), waɗanda aka ƙididdige su sosai a cikin littattafan da aka gabatar a cikin sakin layi na gaba.
Neman Mutum don Ma'ana (1946), na Viktor Frankl
Shi ne littafi mafi kyawun sayarwa akan Amazon a cikin rukunin ilimin halayyar mutum, tare da yarda ɗaya tsakanin masana da sauran jama'a. Ba a banza ba an fassara shi zuwa fiye da harsuna hamsin kuma an san tasirin da yake da shi (musamman a Amurka). Duk wannan saboda godiya mai ƙarfi da bege da marubucin ya bayyana game da mutumin da ke fuskantar mawuyacin yanayi.
Hujja da tsari
Inicio
Doctor of Psychology V. Frankl ya raba littafin nasa zuwa matakai uku. An tsara su gwargwadon gogewar su a cikin sansanin tattara hankali Nazi da karin hangen nesa na tunanin mutum. A cikin ɓangaren farko an tara abin tsoro na zuwa filin da gigicewar mutane da yawa lokacin da ake fuskantar tsangwama ta kowane iri.
Don haka kalubale ga tabin hankali shine a matsayin yanke shawara tsakanin kashe kansa ko juriya har zuwa karshen, duk abin da ya faru. ZUWAkwatankwacin irin wannan yanayin yana iya haifar da da'awar cewa ba shi da kyau: "mutum halitta ce da zai iya amfani da komai."
Ƙaddamarwa
Abu na gaba, mai karatu zai sami mataki na biyu yana magana ne game da rayuwar su ta yau da kullun a cikin filin. Don yin wannan, ta hanyar labaru masu wuya waɗanda ke nuna mutuwar motsin rai. Hakanan, wannan ɓangaren yana nuna ƙyamar gida tare da rashin taimako wanda ya haifar da rabuwar kansa.
A karkashin wannan rikice-rikicen halin rashin daidaito, wadanda aka zalunta sun fuskanci kin yarda da mummunan wurin da yake zaune yanzu. Dangane da wannan, marubucin ya bayyana: «... ƙyama, tausayi da firgici sun kasance motsin zuciyar da mai kallonmu ba zai iya ƙara ji ba».
Kashewa
Mataki na uku - mafi mahimmancin hankali - yana magana ne game da yanayin batutuwa bayan 'yanci. A nan, marubucin ya yi ƙoƙari ya kama tunanin waɗanda aka ceto, waɗanda ke shan wahala irin na ba makawa saboda abin da suka fuskanta. Waɗanda suka tsira sun zama mutane daban-daban, sun sami wani girman tsoro, wahala, 'yanci da nauyi.
Ƙarin motsin rai (1995), daga Daniel Goleman
Wannan littafin da aka buga a tsakiyar shekarun 90s ya sa marubucinsa ya shahara a duk duniya ta hanyar gabatar da littafin kagaggen labari game da al'adun gargajiya na hankali. Shawarar Goleman ita ce ba da wuri na musamman ga motsin zuciyar ɗan adam a cikin yankin hankali.. Saboda haka, nacewa kan daidaita tsakanin hankali da Na yi murna da sus ta hanyar nazarin kwakwalwa da yanayin zamantakewar mu.
Mai hangen nesa
Don amfani da hankali na motsin rai ya zama dole a nemi daidaito dangane da tunani mai hankali wanda aka haɗa cikin (fahimtar) mahimmancin motsin rai. Saboda haka, marubucin ya kafa hujja da cewa ba batun musun ko ƙoƙarin kawar da motsin zuciyar ɗan adam bane.
A wannan gaba, mahimmin abu shine fahimtar hankali da tunani a cikin jirage daban-daban na ɗan adam (na sirri, na gida da ƙwararru). An gani kamar haka, Manufar Goleman ta fallasa mahimmancin sanin kanku ƙari kuma mafi kyau, don samun ingantacciyar rayuwa.
Tsari, manufa da yare
Tsohon farfesa na Harvard yayi manyan ƙwarewa guda biyar ci gaba ta hanyar hankali hankali. Waɗannan su ne: wayewar kai, kula da motsin rai, motsawar ciki, jin kai da kuma zaman jama'a. Inda aka fahimci sabon ra'ayi game da hankali - ba shi kaɗai ba - tare da sanin mahimmancin ra'ayi da tasirin mutum a matsayin abin yanke hukunci.
Sakamakon haka, ana ba da wata hanyar ga batun don rayuwa da zama tare da kansa da sauran mutane. A ƙarshe, ana iya fahimtar wannan littafin dangane da ƙwarewa ta musamman game da ilimin halin ɗan adam. Duk da yake yaren da aka yi amfani da shi yana taimakawa fahimta ga gama-garin jama'a.
Da yake magana da ilimin halin ɗabi'a (2016), da Adrián Triglia, Bertrand Regader da Jonathan García-Allen
Kusanci
Don shiga duniyar ilimin halin ɗabi'a, bayyananniyar hanya tana da mahimmanci, amma nesa da ra'ayoyi masu rikitarwa ko ra'ayoyi. Wannan itace shawarar marubutan Da yake magana da ilimin halin ɗabi'a, wallafe-wallafe tare da cikakken bayani game da ilimin halayyar dan adam wanda ya kunshi dubawa daga asalinsa zuwa yanzu.
Saboda haka abu ne mai kyau don yin karatu kuma, a lokaci guda, yana ba da damar yin wasan kwaikwayo ko na yau da kullun. Hakanan, ci gaban rubutu yana haifar da tambayoyi kamar: menene ilimin halayyar dan Adam? ko ilimin halayyar dan Adam kimiyya ne a cikin mahimmancin ma'anar kalmar? Saboda waɗannan dalilai, littafi ne mai kyau don farawa cikin ilimin wannan horo.
Ilimin kimiyya da yare
Marubutan suna gudanar da kiyaye mahimmancin ilimin kimiyya har ma da yare mai sauƙin fahimta ga kowane nau'in masu karatu. Daidai, cikakkun bayanai sunyi cikakken bayani game da makarantu daban-daban na wannan koyarwar tare da manyan masu tunani tare da ci gaba mafi ban sha'awa da bincike.
A gefe guda, littafin ya hada da asalin halittar wasu kalmomi. Amma ba wai kawai lissafin sunaye da ra'ayoyi bane, domin a cikin rubutun marubutan suna bayyana ra'ayoyinsu kan lamarin. Kowane ɗayan waɗannan ra'ayoyin yana tare da nazarin kwatancen su. na muhimman dabaru na ilimin halin dan Adam.
Burin marubuta
Da yake magana da ilimin halin ɗabi'a bincika ainihin alaƙar da ke tsakanin halayyar ɗan adam da aikin kwakwalwa a matsayin ƙungiyar ƙirar halitta da hankali. Saboda haka, Babban abin da marubutan suka fi cancanta shine samun cakuda a littattafan kimiyya: da nufin koyarwa tare da yadawa cikin nutsuwa.
Sauran littattafan ilimin halayyar mutum da yawa
- Yin biyayya ga hukuma (1974), na Stanley Milgram.
- Yankunanku mara kyau (1976) daga Wayne Dyer.
- Soyayya ko dogaro (1999), daga Walter Riso.
- Tasirin Lucifer (2007), na Phillip Zimbardo.