Littattafanmu, waɗanda suka ƙare a cikin Pyrenees kuma wani lokacin sukan zama baƙi a cikin Canary Islands, wanda ya tashi daga Valencia zuwa Extremadura yana wucewa ta hanyar wani Mancha cike da manyan tatsuniyoyi da labarai, ya kafa duniyar haruffa waɗanda ba za su taɓa daina sake fasalin kansu ba. Don canzawa. Wadannan mafi kyaun littattafan Spain a tarihi sun tabbatar da shi.
Mafi kyawun littattafan Sifen a tarihi
La Celestina, na Fernando de Rojas
Kodayake nau'ikan aikin farko sun zo a zamanin Sarakunan Katolika, ba zai zama ba har zuwa karni na goma sha huɗu lokacin da ɗayan fitattun wallafe-wallafenmu za su sami nasarar da za ta lalata shi a matsayin salo a cikin kansa, adabi da al'adu sabon abu. Bi da matsayin «syeda_abubakar« Celestine ya ba da labarin samari biyu, Calisto da Melibea, waɗanda aka haɗa su da dabarun wata karuwa da aka sani da suna «Celestina». An dakatar da aikin yayin lokacin binciken, sake bayyana daga baya.
lazarillo de tormes
Kodayake ba a san ainihin ranar bugawar ba, tsofaffin sifofin ɗayan manyan ayyukan adabin Sifen kwanan wata daga 1554. A lokacin da wanda protagonist, lazarillo de tormes, an tilasta masa tsira daga mummunan ƙuruciya har zuwa bikin aurensa, yana wucewa ta hanyar haɗuwa da haruffa kamar sanannen makahon wanda yake yaudara yayin ɓangaren labarin. Ana la'akari da shi azaman ɓacin rai ga ƙarancin zamanin da munafuncin al'ummar da gurbatattun malamai suka gurɓata, Lazarillo de Tormes an dakatar dashi har zuwa karni na XNUMX ta wani binciken da yayi yunkurin marubucin da ba a sani ba wanda ya rubuta wasan kwaikwayo.
Don Quixote de la Mancha, na Miguel de Cervantes
An buga shi a farkon 1605, Don Quixote zai canza har abada ba kawai shugabanci na ba adabi a Sifen, amma kuma a duniya. Labarin mai martaba wanda yawan karatun litattafan chivalric ya haifar da rudani na injinan iska na Man Mancha tare da kattai wani abu ne da ya wuce labari na burlesque, hadewar nassoshi zuwa wani lokaci da kuma halin polyphonic, wanda ra'ayoyinsa daban-daban game da jaruman. ya canza hanyar bayar da labari da magance haƙiƙa. Babu shakka, aikin gama-gari na waƙoƙinmu.
Shin baku karanta ba «The Quixote"?
Fortunata da Jacinta, na Benito Pérez Galdós
Dauke da yawa kamar mafi kyawun aikin Galdós, mai yiwuwa kuma ya rinjayi Hakimin, abokinsa Leopoldo Alas Clarín ya wallafa jim kaɗan, Fortunata da Jacinta yayi maganar mata biyu. ,Aya, Fortunata, kyakkyawa ce kuma ƙaramar gari, yayin da Jacinta ke da taushi kuma daga dangi mai kyau, sanduna biyu masu kishiyar juna waɗanda suka ƙare haduwa saboda mummunan makoma. An buga aikin a cikin 1887 bayan shekara da rabi na halitta ta Galdós, wanda ya saka mafi girman ƙoƙarin aikin sa a cikin wannan aikin.
Kuna so ku karanta Fortunata da Jacinta?
Reeds da yumbu, na Vicente Blasco Ibáñez
A cikin 1902, Spain ta ɓata rai a cikin kanta. Mun rasa Cuba, ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfi na babbar daula wacce ta tura mu zuwa ga ƙasarmu, ɗayan canje-canje masu ƙima da gado waɗanda ba wanda yake so. Wani ɓangare na jigon wannan zamanin ya bayyana Reeds da laka, aikin da Blasco Ibáñez ya kafa Albufera na Valencia wanda ke sakar labarin tawaye tsakanin fitaccen jarumin, Tonet, zuwa ga kakansa da mahaifinsa, manoma biyu masu ƙasƙantar da kai, da labarin soyayyarsa da Neleta. Babban sashi na dabi'ar halitta, Cañas y Barro labari ne mai dauke da zane-zane na gargajiya kamar yadda yake jaraba.
Iyalin Pascual Duarte, na Camilo José Cela
La Adabin Mutanen Espanya Ya ba mu damar kusantar da gaskiyar kowane lokaci kuma wasu ke kula da tattara dukkan waɗannan sassa a cikin aiki ɗaya. Wannan shi ne batun mafi kyawun labari daga Camilo José Cela, wanda aka buga a shekara ta 1942 da hoton wani mutum daga ƙauyen Extremadura daga 1882 zuwa 1937, lokacin Spain mai fama da rikicin siyasa. Tsiri na haikalin da, bi da bi, ya ƙunshi abubuwan farin ciki na dabi'ar halitta, haƙiƙa da kuma littafin zaman jama'a hakan ya bayyana lokacin da ya ɓarke a Yaƙin basasa na mummunan sakamakon da Spain ta samu.
Nada, na Carmen Laforet
Andrea matashiya ce wacce ke zuwa Barcelona don karatun Falsafa da Adabi. Wani sabon sashi wanda yake tattaunawa game da rikice-rikicen cikin gida na danginsa da alaƙar da ke tasowa a cikin ilimin jami'a. Muryar lokaci kamar yadda take postwar lokaci, Nada ya zama wanda ya lashe lambar farko ta Nadal Prize buɗe sababbin ƙofofi don wallafe-wallafe kuma, musamman, ga wasu marubutan waɗanda Laforet ya zama misali a bi.
Awanni biyar tare da Mario, na Miguel Delibes
Bayan rasa mijinta, mace takan kula da jikinta da daddare. A kan teburin shimfidar gado akwai matani daga Littafi Mai-Tsarki wanda mijinta ya ja layi a kansu, abin da ya haifar da hakan wanda ke haifar da mai nuna halin ko-in-kula game da maganganun da ba su dace ba inda ta bayyana sha'awa da rashin jin daɗin rayuwa. Lokaci ne wanda ke taƙaitawa rawar matan Spain a ƙarni na XNUMX a cikin hanya ta musamman, mai hankali ... don haka Delibes.
Awanni biyar tare da Mario Yana da matukar prodigy.
Zuciya tayi fari, ta Javier Marías
«Ba na so in sani, amma na koyi cewa ɗaya daga cikin 'yan matan, lokacin da ba ta ƙarami ba kuma ba ta daɗe da dawowa daga tafiyar bikinta ba, ta shiga banɗakin, ta tsaya a gaban madubi, ta buɗe rigarta , ta cire rigar rigar mama ta kai hannu ga zuciyarta da bakin bindiga ... »
Wannan farkon almara shine farkon bindiga ga ɗayan manyan ayyukanmu na zamani na adabinmu da kuma nasarar tallace-tallace bayan buga shi a cikin 1992. Zuciya tayi fari, wanda aka buga sabon fitowar sa a cikin shekarar 2017 a yayin bikin cikar ta shekaru 25, ya ba da labarin wata fitacciyar jaruma wacce ba ta daɗe da yin aure ba wanda amarcin sa a Havana yana da fiye da ɗaya mamaki don auren sa.
Sojoji na Salamina, na Javier Cercas
Yawancin mutane sun bayyana a matsayin misali na rukuni (gaskiya + almara), Sojojin Salamis, wanda aka buga a 2001, yayi girma daga Cercas ya damu da sojan da ya ceci Rafael Sánchez Mazas, marubuci don Falange ta Spain kuma abokin Franco, wanda ya tsallake rijiya da baya a Barcelona a lokacin yaƙin basasar Spain. Cikakken haɗakarwa da gaskiyar cewa, fiye da ƙoƙari don kusanci da babban yaƙin Spain na ƙarni na XNUMX, ya mai da hankali kan jin daɗin "dogara" a lokacin yanke kauna.
Menene mafi kyawun littattafan Mutanen Espanya a tarihi a gare ku?