Rahoton da aka ƙayyade na JRR Tolkien
Ayyukan JRR Tolkien tabbas basu buƙatar gabatarwa. Wannan marubuci ɗan Afirka ta Kudu wanda ɗan ƙasar Biritaniya ya shahara a duk duniya saboda ƙirƙirar duniya mai ban mamaki da jarumta ta littattafai irin su Hobbit, Silmarillion y Ubangijin zobba. A cikin shekarun da suka wuce, waɗannan litattafan sun zama wani ɓangare na wallafe-wallafen gargajiya, kuma, da yawa daga baya, manyan fina-finai na fantasy.
Tolkien ya yi aiki a matsayin farfesa a Jami'ar Oxford, a kujerar Rawlinson da Bosworth, wanda manufarsa ita ce koyar da yaren Anglo-Saxon. Har ila yau, Ya kasance Farfesa na Harshe da Adabi a Merton. Masanin ilimin falsafa ya sami babban karbuwa a duk rayuwarsa. Duk da haka, duniya tana tunawa da shi saboda gudunmawar da ya bayar ga haruffa, ko da yake yawancin ayyukansa an san su da godiya ga dansa na uku, Christopher Tolkien.
Takaitaccen bayani na manyan littattafan JRR Tolkien
The Hobbit, ko Can da Baya - Hobbit (1937)
An rubuta wannan labari a sassa, daga shekara ta 1920 kuma ya ƙare a ƙarshen 1930. Mawallafin da ke da alhakin buga shi shine George Allen & Unwin. Littafin yana da iska mai ƙuruciya, tun da, bisa ƙa'ida, an rubuta shi don yaran marubucin. Labarin ya ba da labarin abubuwan da suka faru na abin sha'awa da aka sani da Bilbo Baggins. Ya tashi tafiya don nemo dukiyar da dodon Smaug ke gadi a Dutsen Lonely.
Makircinsa ya fara lokacin da Bilbo, mazaunan Shireya sami ziyarar bazata daga mai sihiri da aka sani da Gandalf da Grey kamfani na 13 dawakai. Kungiyar tana buƙatar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararru don aiwatar da manufa mai haɗari: isa Erebor, kayar da Smaug, sake mamaye wannan masarauta kuma su kwace dukiyar da ke cikinta.
Ubangijin Zobba: zumuncin zobe - Ubangijin Zobba: Zumuncin Zobe (1954)
Ubangijin Zobba: zumuncin zobe Shi ne farkon na trilogy wanda Tolkien ya rubuta a matsayin mabiyi zuwa Hobbit. Labarin ya faru ne a cikin Zamani na Uku na Rana, a cikin tsakiyar duniya. Wuri ne na almara, inda halittun ɗan adam ke rayuwa, kamar: elves, dwarves da hobbits, da kuma mutane.
Labarin ya fara ne da cika shekaru 111 na Bilbo Baggins, wanda shirinsa na tsufa shine yin tafiya ta ƙarshe., inda yake sa ran ya zauna cikin nutsuwa. Sanin halin abokinsa, Gandalf ya halarci bikin. Wannan biki ya kare ne da jawabin mai martaba wanda bayan ya furta wasu kalmomi na bankwana ya sanya zoben sihiri ya bace.
A sakamakon haka, Gandalf ya nemi mai reaver. Da gano shi, ya yi iƙirarin cewa bai bar zoben a hannun Frodo ba, ɗan wansa kuma magaji. A ƙarshe, Bilbo ya fita ba tare da jauhari ba. Mai sihiri yana jin shakku game da bakon abu, kuma ya fara neman bayanai game da kaddarorinsa. Kusan shekaru ashirin bayan haka, Gandalf ya dawo, yana gaya wa Frodo abubuwan da ya gano.
Wannan yanki na Sauron ne, Ubangijin Duhu. Sarki Isildur na Arnor ne ya karbo masa kayan. Kuma yanzu Frodo da abokansa dole ne su je ƙauyen Bree don kawo zobe ɗaya zuwa ƙasar Rivendell, inda masu hikima za su yanke shawarar abin da ya kamata a yi da shi. Duk da haka, manufarsu za ta kasance alama ce ta koma baya da yawa, yaƙe-yaƙe da tserewa, da ci gaba da farautar Sauron da abokansa.
Guda biyu - Towers biyu (1954)
Towers biyu an gabatar dashi a matsayin juzu'i na biyu na Ubangijin zobba. ma, bi tafiyar Frodo Baggins da abokansa zuwa makoma ta ƙarshe ta Zoben Power. A cikin wannan littafin, Ƙungiya ta Zobe sun kai hari ta hanyar orcs da Saruman - sarkin sihiri - da kuma Sauron suka aiko. Saboda wannan harin, wani memba na Al'umma ya mutu yayin da yake ƙoƙarin kare wasu biyu.
An sace waɗannan haruffan ƙarshe. Don kubutar da su, sauran sun yanke shawarar bin orcs. Lamarin ya sa wadanda aka kama suka tsere zuwa dajin Fangorn, inda suka samu abokan kawance. Bayan sun hadu da Gandalf, wanda ya rabu da kungiyar don yakar Balrog. Mayen ya gaya musu cewa shi da kansa ya mutu a lokacin yaƙin, amma an mayar da shi Tsakiyar Duniya don ya gama aikinsa.
Mai sihiri ya zama Gandalf White, kuma ya zama sabon shugaban mayu. Wannan hali, ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa, ya sami hanyar kawar da orcs har abada.
A halin yanzu, Frodo da Sam sun yi yaƙi a tsaunukan Emyn Muil, akan hanyarsa ta zuwa Mordor, kuma sun gano cewa wata halitta da aka sani da Gollum ce ke farautarsu. Don haka matafiya suka roƙe shi ya jagorance su zuwa inda za su, amma kafin su fuskanci matsaloli da yawa.
Dawowar Sarki - Dawowar Sarki (1955)
Dawowar Sarki Shi ne na uku kuma na ƙarshe juzu'i na Ring Trilogy. Littafin ya fara ne lokacin da Gandalf da kamfani suka yi tafiya zuwa Tirith Mines.. Burinsa shi ne ya gargadi sarkinsa cewa babban dansa ya rasu, kuma barazanar na nan tafe, wanda hakan ya sa sarki ya fada cikin hauka. Sojojin ƙawance sun faɗi, kuma sojojin abokan gaba suna daɗa ƙarfi.
A halin da ake ciki kuma an sake yin wani yaƙi wanda ya ba da damar shan kashi na ƙungiyar yaƙin Saruman. A lokaci guda, Aragorn, ɗan adam daga Fellowship, yana fuskantar Ubangiji mai duhu, sannan suka tashi tsaye wajen neman sojojin wadanda ba su mutu ba. A gefe guda, Frodo ya shanye da gubar Ella-Laraña, kuma Sam dole ne ya ɗauki Zobe ɗaya. Da zarar jarumin ya murmure, shi da Sam suka nufi ƙasar bakarara ta Mordor.
Yankin ya shafe kusan dukkanin mazaunansa, ya bar shi ba tare da kariya daga shigowar jaruman ba. Frodo ya mika wuya ga ikon zoben a daidai lokacin da yake shirin jefa shi cikin Dutsen Doom.. Jarumin ya ba da kayan adon, amma Gollum ya ci amanarsa ya ciji yatsansa. Duk da haka, abin halitta ya rasa daidaito kuma ya fada cikin lava, yana haifar da lalacewa.
Game da marubucin, JRR Tolkien
JRR Tolkien
An haifi John Ronald Reuel Tolkien a cikin 1982, a Bloemfontein, Orange Free State. Tolkien marubuci ɗan Burtaniya ne, masanin ilimin falsafa, masanin ilimin harshe, malamin jami'a, kuma mawaƙi. Saboda shahara da nasarar aikinsa, Sarauniya Elizabeth ta biyu ta yanke shawarar sanya shi kwamandan oda na daular Burtaniya.
Marubucin kuma abokin marubucin CS Lewis ne, wanda ke da alhakin The Chronicles of Narnia. Dukansu farfesa sun kasance membobin ƙungiyar muhawara ta adabi da aka sani da Inkling. Tolkien, wanda ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Exeter, an san shi da uban manyan adabin fantasy. A shekarar 2008, The Times Sunansa ɗaya daga cikin "Mafi Girman Marubuta Biritaniya 50 Tun 1945".
Sauran Shahararrun Littattafan Tolkien
- Leaf ta Niggle - Leaf, ta Niggle (1945);
- Da silmarillion - Miliyan Miliyan (1977);
- 'Ya'yan Hurin - 'Ya'yan Húrin (2007);
- The Legend of Sigurd and Gudrun - Labarin Sigurd da Gudrún (2009);
- Faɗuwar Arthur - Faɗuwar Arthur (2013);
- Beowulf: Fassara da Sharhi - Beowulf: fassarar da sharhi (2014).