Littattafan ban sha'awa sun kasance tare da tsararraki masu karatu a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Yanzu watakila Sun ɗan yi gaba kaɗan saboda wannan nau'in labari wasu ne suka mamaye shi, kamar littattafai masu ban sha'awa, masu bincike, ko ma asiri ko ta'addanci.. Hatta litattafan yaki ko litattafan kaboyi kuma na iya ƙunsar ɓangarori na litattafan kasada. Ko da yake waɗannan suna da wasu halaye waɗanda ke ƙayyadad da su a matsayin "salon kasada".
Gaskiyar ita ce, wannan nau'in littafin yana iya ɗaukar nau'i mai fa'ida sosai kuma suna da halaye da aka raba tare da sauran nau'ikan, duk da haka kada a ruɗe su. Don haka, zai fi kyau mu ƙara sanin litattafai masu ban sha'awa, da kuma shahararrun litattafai a cikin nau'in.
Salon kasada
Littattafan kasada wani nau'i ne ga kansu, kodayake akwai wasu jigogi da suke rabawa tare da wasu nau'ikan. Koyaya, fasalin da aka fi la'akari da nau'in kasada shine mahimmancin aiki a cikin makircin. Ayyukan ya mamaye duk abubuwan da ke cikin labarin kuma ana ba da dacewa yawanci ga sararin samaniya, wanda yake da ban mamaki ko ban mamaki.. Wani lokaci akwai abubuwan tarihi tare da binciken abubuwan da suka gabata ko tafiye-tafiye masu tsauri, daga cikinsu, wanda kuma zai yiwu a sadu da dodanni ko manyan halittu masu ban tsoro.
Koyaya, haruffan ko halayen tunaninsu yawanci suna kasancewa a bango. Haɗari da aikin za su mamaye yawancin makircin kuma al'amuran sun bambanta.. Kusan babu wurin hutawa ko tunani, ba ga jarumai ba, ko na mai karatu; ko da yake gaskiya ne cewa a wasu lokuta haruffan suna kai ga matsayi mai zurfi saboda suna cikin bincike wanda ba kawai kayan aiki ba ne, amma har ma da motsin rai.
Ana iya samun asalin wannan nau'in a cikin waƙar almara tare da waɗancan jarumai da tafiye-tafiye na tatsuniyoyi na Antiquity.. Koyaya, waɗannan labarun sun samo asali da yawa har zuwa yanzu. Da farko dai, akwai fashewa a cikin karni na XNUMX, inda muke samun duk tarihin tarihin, kuma kafin hakan, tare da haihuwar nau'in zamani, a cikin karni na XNUMX zamu iya nemo wasu marubutan. A yau litattafan kasada ba su da jan hankali kamar shekarun da suka gabata, tun labaran littattafan sun zarce karfin jan hankali na sinima da na sabbin fasahohi a tsarin sauti na gani., cikakke don haɓaka waɗannan abubuwan ban mamaki.
Marubuta
- Daniel Defoe (c.1660-1731).
- Jonathan Swift (1667-1745).
- Alexandre Dumas baba (1802-1870).
- Hermann Melville (1819-1891).
- Jules Verne (1828-1905).
- Mark Twain (1835-1910).
- Robert Louis Stevenson (1850-1894).
- H Rider Haggard (1856-1925).
- JRR Tolkien (1892-1973).
Shahararrun litattafan kasada
Robinson Crusoe (1719)
Wannan babban labari na kasada wanda ya zama sananne a cikin shekaru aru-aru yana ba da labarin wani yaro wanda rashin biyayya ga mahaifinsa da sha'awar kasada suka motsa, ya fara balaguro ta teku. Jirgin ruwa ya zama abin sha'awa a gare shi da hanyar rayuwa; duk da haka, matasa Robinson Crusoe yana fama da hatsarin jirgin ruwa kuma shi kaɗai ne ya tsira. ta hanyar kaddara Ya isa tsibirin da ba kowa kuma zai yi shekaru a wannan wurin yana koyon rayuwa a cikin daji yana shi kaɗai..
Gulliver's Travels (1726)
Yana da satire na littattafan balaguro, duk da haka, labari ne wanda ya ƙunshi kasada da fantasy a lokaci guda; kodayake marubucin kuma yana da niyya mai nuni da koyarwa game da yanayin ɗan adam. Aikin ya ƙunshi tafiye-tafiye guda huɗu tare da sunayen da ba a bayyana ba kuma masu ban sha'awa irin su "Tafiya zuwa Lilliput" (wanda aka fi sani da shi), "Tafiya zuwa Brobdingnag", "Tafiya zuwa Laputa, Balnibarbi, Glubbdubdrib, Luggnagg da Japan" da "Tafiya". zuwa kasar Houyhnhnms. Kasadar Kyaftin Gulliver Yara da manya sun karanta su saboda sha'awar da ke tattare da su, amma kuma Sun kasance abin hawan ra’ayoyin marubucin da rashin yarda da ‘yan Adam suka taso masa saboda munanan halaye da nakasu..
Yawan Monte Cristo (1846)
Wannan labari ne mai cike da ban sha'awa wanda cin amana da daukar fansa suka zama babban jigo. A ciki Lissafin Monte Cristo mai karatu ya sami cikakken duk abin da zai kasance yana sha'awar labarin rashin tausayi na babban halinsa, Edmond Dantes. Ya kasance matashi mai gaskiya kuma mai aiki tukuru wanda ya yi burin ya auri masoyiyarsa Mercedes. Amma ya fadi saboda cin amanar babban abokinsa kuma an yanke masa hukuncin daurin da bai dace ba. A cikin shekarun zaman talala zai sami lokacin yin lissafin cikakken fansa. Littafin ya zama wuri na hasashe inda mugunta ba ta jinkiri kuma babu wurin gaskiya..
Moby-Dick (1851)
Ƙaddara ce mai yanke hukunci, kuma Ga Kyaftin Ahab, a cikin sha'awarsa, akwai wuri guda ɗaya kawai, don nemo, farauta da kashe farar whale., wata katuwar dabba ta zama dodo a cikin wannan labari mai cike da ruwa. Labari ne da aka jujjuya shi zuwa wani gungu na ruwa mai haske inda dogon kewayawa ya ƙare tare da tabbataccen ƙarshen sa ran. Moby Dick Littafi ne na gaskiya na zamaninmu.
Ƙungiyoyi Dubu Ashirin Ƙarƙashin Teku (1870)
Yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan ayyuka na nau'in tare da halayen almara, Captain Nemo mai damuwa. Jiragen ruwa da dama sun bace, don haka gungun kwararru a fannoni daban-daban suka tashi don kama abin da suke ganin dodo ne. daga zurfin da ba a sani ba na teku. Bayan giant squids da sauran halittu, Farfesa Pierre Aronnax, mataimakinsa Conseil da harpooner Ned Land, abin da suka samu shine Kyaftin Nemo da jirgin ruwa mai ban mamaki, Nautilus. Sa'an nan kuma haɗari da tafiya za su sake komawa.
A Duniya Cikin Kwanaki Tamanin (1873)
Wannan classic duniya labarin nasarar da Phileas Fogg ya cim ma, tare da Jean Passepartout, bawansa mai aminci. Mista Fogg hamshakin attajiri ne wanda memba ne a kungiyar Reform Club. Mutum ne mai cikakken lokaci wanda ya saba da aiwatar da duk ayyukansa da Ingilishi daidai. Bayan ya tabbatar da cewa akwai yuwuwar ya zagaya duniya cikin kankanin lokaci, sai ya yanke shawarar yin caccakar kudinsa cewa zai iya zagayawa duniya cikin kwanaki 80. Saboda haka ne Wannan labari, a lokaci guda, littafi ne na kasada, nunin yadda ’yan Adam a ko da yaushe suke neman samun ikon sarrafa lokaci. da kuma yadda ta samu albarkacin sabbin ci gaban kimiyya da fasaha.
Kasadar Tom Sawyer (1876)
Saita a wani gari kusa da Kogin Mississippi lokacin yakin basasar Amurka. Wannan littafi mai ban sha'awa na kuruciya da samartaka yana ba da labarin rayuwar wani yaro mai suna Tom Sawyer daga hangen matashi kuma nesa da fahimtar manya. Tom yayi soyayya a karon farko kuma yayi shiri tare da abokansa a cikin fasikanci da mutunci irin na wanda bai riga ya lalace ta hanyar mishaps da mugunyar rayuwar balagaggu ba.
Tsibirin Treasure (1882)
Daya daga cikin kasada novels daidai gwargwado, Tsibiri mai tamani ya ƙunshi duk abubuwan da wannan rukunin littattafai ke buƙata: hatsarori, ƴan fashin teku, miyagu, balaguro, jirgin ruwa da kuma taska mai ban mamaki.. Jim Hawkins ya juyar da rayuwarsa lokacin da matuƙin jirgin ruwa ya isa masaukin danginsa kuma Jim ya riƙe taswira zuwa tsibiri mai ɓoye sirri da dama. An fara balaguron teku a cikin wani jirgin ruwa mai cike da ƴan doka ƙarƙashin umarnin John Silver, gurgu ɗan fashin teku, zuwa ga taska da ake so.
Ma'adinan Sarki Sulemanu (1885)
Kyakkyawan misali na ɗabi'a mai ban sha'awa da farar fata ya nuna don gano zinare da duwatsu masu daraja waɗanda ke kewaye da baƙar fata a cikin mazauninsu na halitta. Wannan, a cikin rud'insa, bai fahimci wannan rikitaccen sha'awar Bature ba. A wannan bangaren, Jarumin littafin novel abu ne mai kama, domin ba shi da jarumtaka ko matashi; kuma akwai cikas da yawa don isa ga ma'adinan da aka yi alkawari wanda, haka kuma, suna cikin nahiyar Afirka, wanda ke ba ka damar ganowa da kuma gano wannan sararin samaniya da mazaunanta.
Ubangijin Zobba (1954)
Kasada ce mai ban mamaki wacce aka tattara a cikin littafi guda a matsayin ci gaba Hobbit; duk da haka, Ubangijin zobba an fahimci shi azaman tarihi mai zaman kansa, kodayake yana da alaƙa da tarihin gama gari. A daya bangaren kuma saboda tsawaita shi. An yanke shawarar raba kashi uku: Zumuntar Zoben, Towers biyu y Dawowar Sarki. Littafin yana da ɗaukaka ta musamman saboda duk kulawa da ingantaccen ƙarfi a cikin kyakkyawan abin da marubucin sa Tolkien ya ba da gudummawa daga mahangar falsafa.
Labarin ya fara ne da Frodo marar laifi, wani matashi mai sha'awar sha'awa wanda ke zaune a cikin Shire, wani gari mai ban sha'awa inda kowa ke zaune cikin farin ciki da nisa daga duk wata barazana.. Ƙaddara, duk da haka, tana da muhimmiyar manufa a gare shi wanda dukan mazaunan duniya za su dogara da shi, ba tare da la'akari da yanayinsu ko launin fata ba. Tare da taimakon abokansa da abokansa, dole ne ya isa Dutsen Doom ya lalata zobe ɗaya kafin ya halaka su gaba ɗaya. Amma hanyar ba za ta kasance mai sauƙi ba, tafiya yana da haɗari, cike da makiya, tashin hankali da rashin tabbas. Kuma babu wanda ya ba Frodo tabbacin zai iya komawa gida.
