Municipal na Hita
Littafin Soyayya Mai Kyau (1330 da 1343) wani iri-iri ne da Juan Ruiz ya yi, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Archpriest na Hita a cikin karni na XNUMX. Wannan aikin - kuma aka sani da Littafin Archpriest o Littafin wakoki- An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin classic na wallafe-wallafen Mutanen Espanya. Abubuwan da ke tattare da shi suna da yawa, tare da fiye da 1.700 stanzas inda aka ba da labarin tarihin rayuwar marubucin.
Akwai rubuce-rubucen littafin guda uku—S, G da T— waɗanda ba a gama su ba. Daga cikin waɗannan, "S" ko "Salamanca" shine mafi cikakke, yayin da sauran sun ƙunshi guntu na aikin kawai. Haka nan, halittarsa ta gabatar da kwanaki biyu: 1330 da 1343; Wannan duality saboda ainihin takaddun da aka samo. Sigar “S” (1343) bita ce ta “G”, wacce aka ƙara sabbin abubuwan ƙira.
Analysis of Littafin Soyayya Mai Kyau
Gabatarwa ga aikin
An rubuta wannan sashe na rubutun a cikin layi - ba kamar sauran aikin ba. Anan, marubucin ya bayyana manufar littafin da yiwuwar fassararsa. Ya kuma bayyana cewa an shirya shi ne daga gidan yari. A kan wannan, yawancin manazarta sun yi la'akari da cewa abin misali ne, tun da yake ba ya magana game da kurkuku na gaskiya, amma yana nufin rayuwar duniya.
Don Amor vs Archpriest
Marubucin ya fara rubutun ne ta hanyar shigar da kara tare da Don Amor. A farkon lamari, ya zarge shi da laifin aikata manyan laifuka. Menene ƙari, Ya yi iƙirarin cewa ƙauna tana da ɓarna, domin tana haukatar da maza, don haka ya ba da shawarar a bar yankinta. Don bayyana ra’ayinsa, Limamin ya yi amfani da labarai da dama, daga cikinsu ya ba da labarin “Jaki da doki”, a matsayin misali na alfahari ga ’yan Adam.
A nasa bangaren, Don Amor ya amsa ta hanyar ba shi wasu koyarwa. Don wannan ya yi amfani da Ovid daidaitawa na aiki daga tsakiyar zamanai: Ars Amandi. A martaninsa, ya bayyana yadda mace mai kamala za ta kasance da kuma kyawawan dabi’u da dole ne ta kasance tana da dare da rana. Ban da wannan kuma, ya lallashe shi ya nemi mai “matchmaker” – kwararre wajen yin maganin soyayya – don yi masa nasiha.
Ƙaunar Don Melon zuwa Doña Endrina
Shi ne babban labarin littafin. A ciki, Ruiz ya daidaita wasan barkwanci na zamani zuwa aikinsa: pamphilus (XII karni). Labarin yana cikin mutum na farko kuma yana da a matsayin jarumai waɗanda aka ambata: Don Melon da Doña Endrina.. A cikin makircin, mutumin ya nemi wani tsohon mai ba da shawara - Trotaconventos - don ya ci nasara da matar da ake magana.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa, kodayake soyayyar jiki tana taka muhimmiyar rawa, a lokuta da dama an yi nuni da muhimmancin kusanci da ƙaunar Allah.
Trotaconventos ya shiga aiki, ya nemi Dona Endrina kuma ya shawo kan ta don saduwa da Don Melon a tsohon gidansa. Da zarar sun hadu, ana kyautata zaton - don rashin shafukan rubutu - cewa suna da dangantaka ta kud da kud.
Ya kasance kamar wannan -A kudin yaudara da tarko- daga karshe aka amince da auren Tsakanin duka biyun. Dabarar mai ba da shawara ta kasance mai sauƙi, amma mai tasiri: hanyar da za a kawar da mutuncin mace ita ce ta hanyar aure.
Kasada a cikin Saliyo de Segovia
Wannan shi ne wani daga cikin fitattun labaran Archpriest. Anan ya ba da labarin wucewar sa ta Saliyo de Segovia, inda ya sadu da ƴan ƙauyuka da yawa. Na farkonsu ita ce “La chata”, macen da ba ta da kunya. A bayyane, ta kasance tana roƙon kyaututtuka don musanyawa da abubuwan jin daɗin jima'i. Da basira, mutumin ya yi nasarar tserewa daga wannan da kuma sauran 'yan mata daga Somosierra.
A kan hanyar tserewa, ya sami wani dutse a gindin dutsen. Wannan mata ta fi sauran ''babarbare''. Archpriest ya nemi mafaka, kuma, a mayar. Ta tambaye shi wani irin biya — Jima'i ko abu. Wannan karon, mutumin, kunya ta matsa mata, ta ba kuma Na yarda takardar koke.
Gasa tsakanin Don Carnal da Doña Cuaresma
Bayan wasu waƙoƙin zuwa ga Budurwa - saboda kusancin Makon Mai Tsarki - an gabatar da tatsuniya game da yaƙi tsakanin Don Carnal da Dona Cuaresma. Anan, marubucin ya nuna karo na gama gari tsakanin sha'awar duniya da ruhi. An ba da labarin rubutun a matsayin wasan kwaikwayo kuma an yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta hanyar waƙoƙin ayyuka na tsakiya.
Don Carnal ya tattara karfi da rashin nasara sojoji. Duk da haka, dandano na ƙungiyar sa abinci da giyar da aka yi ya tafi cikin mummunan hali zuwa fagen fama. Hakan ya ba da damar yin karo da juna ya fi daidaita, kuma Madam Lent ya sanya mafi yawan amfani da samu nasara. Da zarar an ci nasara, an kama Don Carnal fursuna kuma aka sanya masa azaba mai tsanani.
Labaran soyayya na karshe na Archpriest
Archpriest bai huta ba a cikin neman soyayya, Ya yi ƙoƙari kuma ya yi ƙoƙari ya cim ma hakan a cikin wasu al'amuran da yawa. A cikin dukkan su Ya sake neman taimako ga Trotaconventos. Ɗaya daga cikin shawarwarin da tsohon mai yin ashana ya bayar shi ne ya so matar da mijinta ya rasu, duk da haka, macen da aka girmama ba ta gamsu sosai ba, sai namijin ya gaza. Bayan haka, jarumin ya yi ƙoƙari tare da mai shi, amma bai yi nasara ba.
Sannan Trotaconventos ya ba da shawarar cewa ya gwada wata mata mai suna Garoza. Archpriest ya yi ƙoƙari ya sa ta soyayya, amma matar ta manne wa alkawuranta na Allah kuma ba da daɗewa ba ta mutu. Mutumin ya ci gaba da al'amuransa, kuma bayan da ya yi tuntuɓe, ya sami ɗan ɗanɗano kaɗan da blackberry.
Ba da daɗewa ba bayan ɗan gajeren nasarar, mai wasan ya mutu. Wannan hasarar, ba shakka, ta shafi jarumin sosai. Bayan sauran waƙa ga budurwa da kuma yi wa Allah. Archpriest ya gama littafin da bayarwa sake umarni yadda ake fassara shi.
Game da marubucin: Juan Ruiz, Archpriest na Hita
Juan Ruiz limamin coci ne kuma babban limamin Hita, gundumar Mutanen Espanya a lardin Guadalajara. Bayanan asalinsa da rayuwarsa sun yi karanci, Abin da aka sani kadan an samo shi daga wannan aikin guda ɗaya: Littafin Soyayya Mai Kyau. Ana kyautata zaton an haife shi ne a shekara ta 1283 a Alcalá de Henares kuma ya yi karatu a Toledo, Hita - mahaifarsa - ko kuma wani yanki na kusa.
Har ila yau Ana hasashe cewa yana da ilimin kiɗa mai mahimmanci, wanda ya bayyana a ainihin ƙamus ɗinsa game da batun. Wasu zato - ta hanyar littafin Salamanca- cewa an kama shi bisa umarnin Archbishop Gil de Albornoz, kodayake yawancin masu suka sun bambanta da wannan ka'idar. Bisa ga takardu daban-daban, ana hasashen cewa an rubuta mutuwarsa a shekara ta 1351; a lokacin bai ƙara yin hidima a matsayin Archrist na Hita ba.
Rikici kan garinsa
Ma'abota tsakiya Emilio Sáez da José Trenchs sun tabbatar zuwa Majalisa na 1972 cewa garin mahaifar Juan Ruiz shine Alcalá la Real —Benzayde (1510c) -. Sun kuma tabbatar da cewa ya shafe kimanin shekaru 10 na kuruciyarsa a wannan wurin. Dukkan wadannan bayanai an tattara su ne bayan dogon bincike da kwararru suka yi; duk da haka, wannan binciken ya kasa ƙarewa saboda mutuwar bazata na duka biyun.
A nasa bangaren, Masanin tarihin Spain Ramón Gonzálvez Ruiz ya bayyana mai zuwa a cikin zaman taro a 2002: “A cikin littafinsa Juan Ruiz yana shuka bayanai daga tarihin rayuwarsa. Lallai an haife shi a Alcalá, kamar yadda shahararriyar ayar da Trotaconventos ke gaisawa da blackberry ta nuna A madadin babban firist: "Gyara, wanda yake daga Alcalá yana gaishe ku sosai" (stanza 1510a) ".
Har ya zuwa yau, babu wata majiya mai tushe da ta tabbatar da hakan, kuma garuruwan biyu na ci gaba da fafutukar ganin an amince da su.. Koyaya, yawancin suna karkata zuwa ga hasashen Gonzálvez Ruiz, tunda Alcalá de Henares (Madrid) yanki ne kusa da Hita (Guadalajara).