Antoine de Saint-Exupéry
Littafi Mai Tsarki Shi ne littafin da aka fi karantawa a tarihi. A cewar marubuci James Chapman, an sayar da fiye da kwafi biliyan 3,9 na nassi mai tsarki na al’adar Yahudawa da Kirista a cikin shekaru 50 da suka shige kawai. Hakanan, adadin kwafin da aka sayar ya ragu kusan miliyan 100 a duk shekara a duk faɗin duniya kuma yana tara fassarori 2452 zuwa yau.
bayan Littafi Mai Tsarki, yana yiwuwa a yi la'akari da waɗanne littattafan da aka fi karantawa a tarihi ta hanyar ƙididdigar tallace-tallace. A wannan yanayin, zan ci gaba Magana daga aikin Mao Tse-tung (1966) ta Hou Bo da Mao Zedong tare da sayar da kwafin miliyan 820. Sannan suka zo Labarin Biranen Biyu (1859) na Charles Dickens da Karamin Yarima ta Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, duka suna da kwafi miliyan 200.
Menene Littafi Mai Tsarki kuma mutane nawa ne suka karanta?
Littafi Mai Tsarki Tarin nassosi ne na addini waɗanda ke zama tushen tushe mai tsarki, duka ga Yahudawa (Tsohon Alkawari) kamar kiristoci (Tsohon Alkawari da Sabon Alkawari). Masanan waɗannan hadisai sun ɗauka cewa Musa ne kaɗai marubucinsu. Duk da haka, masana tauhidi da masana tarihi sun yarda a kan gudunmawar wasu masu tarihi.
Source Littafi Mai Tsarki
Ganin daɗaɗɗen rubuce-rubucen farko na Littafi Mai Tsarki (tsakanin ƙarni na XNUMX da XNUMX BC), ba shi yiwuwa a lissafta daidai adadin mutanen da suka karanta. A bayyane yake, wannan shine littafi mafi mahimmanci kuma mai tasiri a tarihin wayewar Yammacin Turai. Kur'ani ne kawai aka kwatanta ta fuskar dacewa da al'adu (wanda aka fi sani da Gabas ta Tsakiya da Nisa).
Littafi Mai Tsarki Ya ƙunshi ayyuka daban-daban—wanda ake kira “littattafai”—daga harsuna daban-daban na asali: Ibrananci, Aramaic da Hellenanci. A nasa bangaren, Littafi Mai Tsarki na Ibrananci ya ƙunshi nassosi 24 masu tsarki na Yahudanci., wanda aka fayyace a cikin tsawon shekaru dubu (900 BC - 100 AD). Daga cikin waɗannan, mafi tsufa shine Littafin Ayuba, wanda aka danganta ga Musa bisa ga al'ada.
Etymology da tsari
Kalmar "Littafi Mai Tsarki" ya samo asali ne daga bayanin Hellenic"ta bible ta hagia”, wanda ke fassara a matsayin “littattafai masu tsarki”. Suna rufe tarin labarai iri-iri da yawa waɗanda aka fara ɗaukarsu azaman dam ɗin daban. Haka nan, sun bayyana asalin duniya da na ɗan adam, waɗanda Allah ya halitta cikin surarsa da kamanninsa a cikin gonar Adnin har zuwa ƙarshen ɗan adam da ranar sakamako.
Bambanci mafi bayyane tsakanin nassosin Yahudawa da na Kirista an bayyana shi a cikin Sabon Alkawari.. A cikin ƙarshe ya bayyana koyarwar Yesu Banazare, wanda aka gabatar a matsayin ɗan Allah kuma na ƙarshen annabawa. Tsohon Alkawari kuwa, Tanach na Ibraniyawa—ya ƙunshi labaran annabawan dā.
fassarar
Tsarin halin yanzu na Littafi Mai Tsarki An kafa Kiristanci a ƙarƙashin Fafaroma Saint Damasus I, a cikin shekara ta 382. Daga baya, Majalisar Trent ta amince da wannan karatun a 1546 kuma an sake masa suna "canon" (samfurin). Wato daga wannan lokacin ne aka kafa jerin littattafan da ake ganin ingantattu kuma amintattu, amma an ce limaman Yahudawa sun ƙi rabe-rabe.
A cikin karni na sha shida, Masanin falsafar Jamus kuma masanin tauhidi Martin Luther ma karyata zaben canonical, ya saba wa koyarwar papist kuma ya inganta juyin Furotesta. Yanzu, manufar farko na motsi shine sake fasalin Katolika don goyon bayan Kiristanci na farko. Amma, sakamakon ya kasance rarrabuwar kawuna ne a cikin Cocin Katolika wanda ya samo asali ne daga igiyoyin addini na Furotesta na yanzu.
Sauran littattafan karantawa
Magana daga aikin Mao Tse-tung (1966)
Hou Bo da Mao Zedong's Manifesto ba ya kan bayyana a jerin littattafan da aka fi karantawa a kowane lokaci domin karatun sa wani bangare ne na manufofin gwamnati. Bugu da kari, ba dabara ce ta kowace kasa ba, zai kasance wani shiri ne da aka yi a cikin al'ummar da ta fi yawan jama'a a duniya: Sin. A yau, ana ɗaukar wannan littafi a matsayin abin tarihi a tsakanin 'yan siyasar hagu.
Abubuwan ciki
- Jam'iyyar gurguzu;
- Azuzuwa da gwagwarmayar aji;
- Gurguzu da gurguzu;
- Daidaitaccen tafiyar da sabani na mutane;
- Yaki da zaman lafiya;
- Imperialism da duk masu amsawa damisa takarda ne;
- Ku kuskura ku yi yaƙi ku yi nasara;
- Yakin mutane;
- Sojojin jama'a;
- Shugabancin Jam’iyya da kwamitoci;
- Layin taro;
- Aikin siyasa;
- Dangantaka tsakanin jami'ai da maza;
- Dangantaka tsakanin Sojoji da Jama'a;
- Dimokuradiyya da manyan filayen bishiyar;
- Ilimi da horar da sojoji;
- A hidimar mutane;
- Kishin kasa da kishin kasa;
- jaruntakar juyin juya hali;
- Gina ƙasarmu da himma da ƙwazo;
- Wadatar kai da gwagwarmaya;
- Hanyoyin tunani da hanyoyin aiki;
- bincike da nazari;
- Gyara kuskuren fahimta;
- Naúrar;
- Maudu'i;
- Suka da suka;
- 'Yan gurguzu;
- Zane-zane;
- Matasa;
- Mata;
- Al'adu da fasaha;
- Karatu.
Tarihin garuruwa biyu (1859)
Charles Dickens
Wannan masterpiece na Charles Dickens labari ne na tarihi da aka kafa a London da Paris. Aikin yana faruwa ne tsakanin jajibirin da tsayin juyin juya halin Faransa tare da Mulkin Ta'addanci na gaba. Babban hali shine Dr. Manette - ɗan ƙasar Faransa - wanda ya kasance a kurkuku a Bastille a Paris har tsawon shekaru 18.
Bayan wannan lokacin, jarumin ya ƙaura zuwa London don ya zauna tare da Lucie, 'yarsa (wanda bai taɓa saduwa da ita ba). A halin yanzu, haɗari yana kunno kai a ko'ina cikin labarin ta hanyar kisan kai ko ɗaurin kurkuku.. Don haka, littafin a koyaushe yana watsa babban matakin motsin rai ga mai karatu; Ba abin mamaki ba ne, tasirin wannan littafi a kan al'adun gargajiya ba shi da shakka.
Princearamin Yarima (1944)
The Little Prince — taken asali a cikin Faransanci — shine aikin da aka fi sani na fitaccen ɗan jirgin ruwa na Faransa kuma marubuci Antoine de Saint Exupéry. A hakika, Wannan tatsuniya ta yara ta manya ta sanya mutumin Lyon ya zama marubuci wanda aka san shi a duk duniya har yau. Duk wannan godiya ga maɗaukakin saƙon tsakiya na littafin, "mafi kyawun abubuwa a rayuwa shine mafi sauƙi", na inganci mara lalacewa.
Wasu kalmomi marasa mutuwa tare da sukar zamantakewa na Princearamin Yarima
- "Sarki ba tare da talakawa ba wanda kawai ya ba da umarnin da ba za a iya cikawa ba, kamar umarnin rana da faɗuwar rana."
- "Mutumin da ba shi da kyau wanda kawai yake son yabon da ya zo daga sha'awa da kuma kasancewa mafi kyawun mutum a duniyarsa ba tare da zama ba."
- "Mai shaye shaye don manta da kunyar sha."
- "Masanin tarihin kasa wanda bai taba zuwa ko'ina ba, kuma bai ga wani abu da ya rubuta ba, yana ba da zane-zane na gwaninta a cikin duniyar zamani."