Latin: mahaifin soyayya

Tablet a Latin.

Tsohon zanen dutse daga zamanin da tare da zane-zanen Latin.

Latin yare ne na reshen Italic wanda aka yi magana dashi a tsohuwar Rome. A yau ana ganin wannan harshe ya mutu, wato, ba yaren mahaifar kowane ɗan ƙasa a duniya ba. Ana iya cewa wannan yaren ya mutu lokacin da ya daina canzawa, kusan ƙarni na XNUMX; daga baya, tare da bayyanar nau'ikan yaduwarta, asalin amfani da ita yana raguwa sosai, har sai da ya shiga cikin rashin ma'amala tsakanin mazaunan gama gari.

Daga baya, a cikin Zamanin Tsakiya, Zamanin Zamani da Zamanin Zamani, ana ci gaba da amfani da Latin, amma a matsayin yare na kimiyya, kuma wannan yana ci gaba a yau. Daga wannan harshe aka ƙirƙiri yawancin yaren Turai da aka sani da yaren Romanci: Fotigal, Spanish, Faransanci, Italia, Romania, Galician, Catalan, Asturleonés, Aragonese, Walloon, Occitan, Romanesque da Dalmatian. Cocin Katolika na amfani da shi a matsayin yaren litattafai, ban da yarukan da ake amfani da su.

A kadan tarihi

Farkon bayyanannun Latin ya zuwa shekara ta 1000 a. C., a wani yankin tsakiyar Italiya da ake kira Lazio, Lazio A cikin Latin Saboda haka sunan wannan yaren da na mazaunan yankin, Latin. Kodayake rubutattun shaidu na farko sun bayyana a karni na XNUMX BC. C.

Latin asalinsa ana ɗauke dashi ne a matsayin yareSaboda haka, fadada yankuna ya iyakance. Da kyar aka yi maganarsa a wasu yankuna na Italiya, ban da Rome.

Da zarar ta wuce lokaci mafi wahala, mamayar Etruscan da mamayar Gauls, Rome ta sami damar fara faɗaɗa daularta a duk cikin Italyasar Italiya, kuma da wannan yaren nata ya bazu. A ƙarshen karni na XNUMX BC. Rome ta kasance mai iko, kuma kodayake Etruscans sun bar alamarsu a kan yaren Roman da al'adunsu, amma Helenawa ne suka ba Latin wata ƙamus mafi girma.

Daga wannan lokacin Latin Latin ya zama yaren bai ɗaya, tunda an ɗora shi akan Latin na Lazio, yana kawo sakamakon cewa akwai 'yan bambancin yare sosai. Tasirin Lazio Latin ya bar alamarsu akan Latin na adabi. Manyan mutane da yawa sun yi amfani da shi wajen ayyukansu, Marco Tulio Cicero yana ɗaya daga cikinsu.

Yayinda Rome ke mamaye yankuna, daga Gaul zuwa Dacia, yau Romania, Latin ya faɗaɗa, yana haɓaka duka a matsayin yaren adabi da kuma a harshen harshe. A wannan gaba an fahimci to yaya Romanian yake yare ne na Soyayya kai tsaye daga Latin yake.

Litattafan Latin

Roman Coliseum.

Roman Colosseum, alamar yanki na shimfiɗar jariri na Latin, Rome.

Romawa sunyi amfani da shi, galibi, salon adabin Girka don rubuta ayyukansu. Sun bar gado mai yawa, suna samar da adadi mai yawa na littattafai tsakanin tarihi, ban dariya, raha, waƙa, bala'i da maganganu. Ko bayan da daular Rome ta faɗi, yaren Latin yana da mahimmancin gaske.

Za'a iya raba adabin Latin zuwa manyan lokuta biyu: adabi na adabi da adabin gargajiya. Aan ayyuka ne suka rage daga farkon lokacin. A wannan lokacin, marubuta Pauto da Terence sune mashahuri game da samar da wallafe-wallafe, ba wai kawai lokacin su ba, amma kowane lokaci.

Hakanan babu adadi mai yawa na kundin adabin gargajiya, duk da haka wasu ayyukan an sake gano su ƙarnuka da yawa daga baya. Wannan matakin na biyu shine abin da ake ɗauka taron kolin adabin Latin kuma ya kasu kashi biyu: Zamanin Zinare da Zamanin Azurfa. Duk abin da aka rubuta bayan tsakiyar ƙarni na biyu galibi ana watsi da shi kuma ana wulakanta shi.

Gadon Latin

Yayin da lokaci ya ci gaba kuma Latin ya rasa ƙarfi, har sai da ya zama harshen da ya mutu, bai daina amfani ba. A yau ba kawai ana amfani dashi azaman litattafan litattafan cocin Katolika bane, ana amfani dashi azaman ilimin kimiyya don sanya sunan fauna da flora, tsakanin sauran abubuwa da yawa.

A cikin wallafe-wallafen likitanci abu ne sananne don ganin jimloli a cikin Latin, har ma da wasu cikakkun littattafai har yanzu ana yin su, don wannan yanki, a cikin wannan harshe.

Amma, ban da yin aiki don ambaci adadi ko cibiyoyi a duniyar Doka da kuma aikin lauya, Adabin Latin ya bar babbar alama. Daga Renaissance on, kyakkyawan salon an gane shi a cikin marubutan adabin Latin, wanda aka kwaikwayi shi da hankali.

Kullin Marco Tulio Cicero.

Bust na Marco Tulio Cicero, marubucin Roman.

A bayyane yake cewa haƙiƙanin sihiri wanda ya ciyar da adabin Hispanic sosai ya gaji daga adabin Latin. Na farko ba zai iya wanzuwa ba idan na biyun, ɗayan uwar ɗayan ce.

Hanyoyi don nazarin Latin

Kodayake ana ɗaukan Latin mutuƙar magana, wannan ba yana nufin ba ku da hanyar koyo. Abu na farko da dole ne ka koya kowane yare shine kamus ɗin sa. Ta hanyar intanet zaka iya samun kamus mai kyau don taimaka maka aiki.

Lokacin neman jerin sunayen ƙamus na Latin da aka bada shawara, waɗannan sune waɗanda suka sami mafi kyawu:

  • Latin Dictionary na SM Editions
  • Digital kamus Kindle Kindle
  • Kamus ta asalin Latin.

Kamus na koyon Latin yawanci suna da atisaye a cikin littafi ɗaya ko kuma suna iya kawo sautuka don su sami damar jin yadda ake furta su. Dangane da wannan batun na sauti, intanet tana ba da kwasa-kwasai da aikace-aikace masu yawa don koyon yaren. Hakanan, a yau, akwai adadi mai yawa na dakunan karatu tare da babban abu akan batun.

Ta hanyar haɗa kamus tare da aikace-aikace ko kwas ɗin kan layi, sarrafa Latin zai zama mai sauƙi da sauri. Haɗa hanyoyin yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun hanyoyi don koyan yare ko yare, Latin ba banda bane.


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  1.   Serena m

    kyakkyawan bayani. amma zai zama da amfani a sanya nassoshin a cikin uwuwu

    1.    Sasha m

      A cewar ni, wannan mahaifiyar ita ce rubutu, ko? Ina aiki kan rubutun hahaha kuma zan sanya shi a matsayin zancen shafin yanar gizo