Labari mara iyaka

Labari mara ƙarewa -yayi la'akari da salon adabin samari- labari ne da Michael Ende ya rubuta, marubucin asalin asalin Bajamushe wanda aka haifa a Garmisch-Partenkirchen, a ranar 12 ga Nuwamba, 1929. Michael shi kaɗai ne ɗa da aure tsakanin mai zanen Edgar Ende (wanda aka sani da aikinsa na salula) da Luise Bartholomä (masanin kimiyyar lissafi ta hanyar sana'a), saboda haka cewa marubucin koyaushe yana cikin yanayin cike da fasaha.

Girmama shi azaman marubuci mai nauyin gaske don yanayin jin dadin rayuwa, Ende ya fara rubuta labarai tare da labarin yara daga 50's. Yayinda dukkan marubutansa suka samu karbuwa daga wurin masu suka da kuma masu sauraro, da gaske marubucin ya samu daukaka a duniya yayin da ya kirkiro: Momo (1973) y Labari mara iyaka (1979). Na karshen yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun littattafan fantasy.

Farawar Ende cikin matsakaiciyar fasaha: mai wasan kwaikwayo, marubuci kuma marubuci

Bayan karatun karatun shekaru uku a cikin ɗakunan karatu daban-daban a Munich, Ende yayi aiki a matsayin ƙwararren ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, marubucin rubutu da kuma mai sukar fim. Wasansa na farko shine Lokaci yayi (1947), kuma wannan ya kasance wahayi ne daga mummunan tashin bam din atom a kowane lokaci: na Hiroshima.

Tare da isowar shekarun 60, kuma bayan rashi da yawa, Ende ya wallafa littafinsa na farko wanda ya lashe lambar yabo: Jim Button da Lucas Mashini (1960), wanda da shi ne ya ci “Kyautar Adabin Yara na Jamusanci.

Marubucin se ya yi aure mawaƙa Ingeborg Hoffman a 1964. Ya zauna tare da ita a Rome har sai da ta mutu saboda cutar kansa ta huhu a 1985. Daga baya, a 1989, ya sake yin aure Mariko Sato, asalin Japan.

Bayan da ya fara yin rubuce-rubuce a matsayin marubuci, Michael ya dukufa ga karatun adabi, ya ci gaba da kasancewa mai kwalliya iri-iri a mafi yawan ayyukansa. A cikin 1979 ya buga abin da zai iya zama littafinsa mafi nisa: Labari mara iyaka. Saboda nasarorin da ta samu, Ende ya sami lambar yabo ta Janusz Korczak.

A 1982 Ende ya rattaba hannu kan yarjeniyoyin aiwatar da fim din Labari mara iyaka, amma ba kafin a sake nazarin kwangilar a hankali ba kuma gano cewa suna da niyyar canza tarihi. Lokacin da ya san zurfin yarjejeniyoyin da ke cikin takaddar doka, yana so ya janye, amma ya makara. Ya kawai iya cire sunansa daga martabar.

Fim ɗin, wanda Wolfgang Petersen ya bayar da umarnin, an sake shi a ranar 6 ga Afrilu, 1894. Duk da manyan bambance-bambancensa da littafin, fim din ya kasance babban nasara a ofishin, inda ya samu sama da dala miliyan 20.

Saboda karban jama'a, fim din ya yi tasiri a 1990 kuma na uku a 1994., amma ba su haifar da tasiri iri ɗaya ba kuma ba a haɗa su da sigar adabin ba.

Yi Wahayi

Yaron da alama ta Nazism

Yunƙurin Naziyanci a ƙuruciyarsa ya yi tasiri sosai ga rubutun Ende Labari mara iyaka. Koyaya, saboda tsoron ramuwar gayya, a lokacin wannan lokacin sanyi na rayuwarsa marubucin ya tilasta danne yawancin iliminsa, nasa burin, tunaninsa da kirkirar sa.

Tasirin uba na gari

Doguwar tattaunawa kan falsafa, addini, da wallafe-wallafen sirrin da ya raba wa mahaifinsa a asirce ya kuma ba shi ƙarfin gwiwa tun yana ƙarami.

Rashin kerawa da "komai"

A cikin wannan aikin Ende ya sanya wasu daga cikin akidunsa na sirri. Marubucin ya bayyana cewa, a gare shi, an fassara rashin kerawa da tunani a matsayin cutar ruhi; wani abu da ya ambata a cikin littafin a matsayin "babu komai".

Haka kuma Labari mara iyaka labari ne wanda labaru biyu suke faruwa a lokaci daya, daya na gaske dayan kuma kyawawa, wannan kadan da kadan suke nasaba. Yana da jarumai guda biyu, yara biyu, kuma, tabbas, yawancin haruffa waɗanda a zahiri ba zai yuwu ba.

Hujja daga Labari mara iyaka

Bastian da gamuwarsa da littafin

Tsarin labarin ya fara da Bastian, dan duniya na hakika wanda ya rasa mahaifiyarsa kwanan nan kuma aka zage shi.

Wata rana sai ya tafi ya ɓuya a cikin shagon sayar da littattafai sai ya sami littafi cewa, ta hanyar bayyanarsa da taken (Labari mara iyaka), da ake kira hankali. Yaron ya yanke shawarar dauke shi, bayan mai shagon, Mista Koreander, bai kula ba.

Littafin da ainihin duniya

Lokacin da ya isa makaranta, sai ya hau saman soro kuma yana cikin nutsuwa, yana shirin karanta littafin. Yayin da karatun ke ci gaba, Bastian yana jin cewa labarin yana ƙara zama gaske.. Ta wannan hanyar, labari na biyu ya fara bayyana, wanda ke faruwa a masarautar Fantasy.

Atreyu, jarumin jarumi

Jarumin da ke birge duniyar nan ita ce Atreyu, jarumi kuma jarumi jarumi. An nada shi ne don neman maganin cutar da Jaririyar jaririya, mai mulkin Fantasia ta sha. Rashin lafiyar ba kawai ta kashe ran mai mulki ba ne, har ma da duk duniya ta.

"Babu komai"

A lokaci guda, kuma don dalilan da ba a sani ba, a cikin Fantasy akwai wani mummunan ƙarfi da suka kira "babu komai", wanda ke sa komai da kowa ya ɓace, barin fanko a cikin tashinta. "Babu komai" yana da nasaba da rashin lafiyar sarauniya kuma yana ci gaba yayin da yake ta'azzara.

A duniya na dama halittu

Bastian yana sha'awar abubuwan da suka faru na Atreyu, Wanda a cikin tafiyarsa ya rasa dokin maganarsa, kuma amini mai aminci, Ártax. A kan hanyarsa ne babban jarumin ya hadu da wani katon kunkuru mai suna Morla, tare da dodo mai sa'a mai suna Fújur, kuma ya cinye su duwatsu (manyan halittun dutse), don ambaton wasu daga cikin manyan halayen.

Magani mara tsari

Yanzu, Abun ban mamaki game da makircin ya faru ne lokacin da Atreyu ya gano cewa zai iya ceton masarautar ne kawai tare da taimakon Bastian; ee, ɗan mutum wanda yake karanta tarihi daga ainihin duniyar. A wannan lokacin, abin da ake kira “rushewar katangar ta huɗu” ya auku, ma'ana, haruffan da ke cikin littafin za su iya hulɗa da mai karatu, kuma, hakika, haka lamarin yake.

Yaron a cikin duniyar gaske ya ƙi yarda da cewa mabuɗin shi ne. Koyaya, a lokaci na ƙarshe, daidai lokacin da komai ke shirin ɓacewa, Bastian ya shiga cikin duniyar Fantasy kuma ya adana masarautar da Empress ta hanyar sanya mata sabon suna: 'Yar Wata.

Sakon na Labari mara iyaka

Labari mara iyaka labari ne mai cike da sakonni wadanda ke neman sanya mai karatu tunani. Ya fi magana ne game da mahimmancin ci gaban tunani, kar a bar baƙin ciki ya mamaye kasancewar, samun ƙarfin zuciya da ma amincewa. Ba a banza littafin yake tsakanin ba ayyuka mafi kyau ga yara da matasa a cikin tarihi.

Marubuci Michael Ende ya bayyana haka a wata hira da El País Manufar sa da wannan littafin ita ce ta isar da cewa hanya mafi kyau ta cimma wani abu ita ce, a kullum tafiya akasin haka. Don samun gaskiya da kuma samun kanku, kamar Bastian, dole ne ku fara biɗar abubuwan dama.

Labari mara iyaka: bayan littafin

Duk da an buga shi da littafin yara, Labari mara iyaka Aiki ne ga dukkan masu sauraro, albarkacin saƙon da yake watsawa. Ya zuwa yanzu an fassara labarin a cikin fiye da harsuna 36 kuma yana da fina-finai uku, jerin biyu, opera da rawa..