Javier Marias

Javier Marías, “Ya haɓaka salon da ba wai kawai wani yanki ba ne amma hanyar kallon duniya. Rubutunsa yana cikin tunani, kuma masu karatu suna taimaka masa ”. Yankin ya dace da Winston Manrique Sabogal (Kasar, 2012), wanda ya bayyana marubucin a matsayin "ɗayan fitattun marubutan Turai." Ba abin mamaki bane, an buga aikinsa a cikin harsuna sama da 40.

Ya wallafa litattafai goma sha shida tare da fassarar manya, bugu, da wasu gajerun labarai. Hakanan, ya yi aiki tare ta hanyar rubuce-rubuce da labarai tare da manyan kafofin watsa labarai na ƙasa da na duniya. Tun shekara ta 2008 ya hau kujera na Royal Spanish Academy. Littattafan sa suna daga cikin mafi inganci a duk tarihin adabin Spain.

Bayanin Bibliographic

Haihuwa da yarinta

Javier Marias Franco An haife shi a Madrid a ranar 20 ga Satumba, 1951. Shi ne na huɗu daga cikin yara biyar na aure tsakanin masanin falsafa - memba na Royal Spanish Academy - Julián Marías da marubuci Dolores Franco Manera. An dakatar da mahaifinsa, dan Republican, daga yin aiki a jami'o'in Franco saboda kin rantsuwa da Ka'idojin National Movement (1958).

Sakamakon haka, duk dangin sun ƙaura zuwa Amurka farawa a cikin 1951. A can, Julián Marías ya koyar a Jami'ar Yale har zuwa ƙarshen 50. Da zarar ya koma Spain, saurayi Javier ya sami ilimi a Colegio Estudio ƙarƙashin ƙa'idodin sassaucin ra'ayi waɗanda aka gada daga Institución Libre de Enseñanza.

Yanayin iyali yana dacewa sosai da rubutu

A lokaci guda, Kwalejin Nazarin ta kasance tana da alaƙa ta kut-da-kut da Cibiyar International ta Boston, inda Julián Marías ke ba da lacca. Bugu da ari, gidan Marías Franco ya kasance cibiyar ilimi a cikin kanta. Koyaushe cike yake da littattafai kuma akai-akai tare da ɗaliban kwaleji da ke daukar darussa masu zaman kansu.

Sabili da haka, ba abin mamaki bane cewa ayyukan farko da Javier Marías suka gabatar tun suna samartaka. Ta yaya ba zai zama yanayi mai kyau ba don ayyukan ilimi idan uwar ta kammala karatun ta na aiki da haruffa tare da kyauta mai ban mamaki. Bugu da kari, an san 'yan uwansa a matsayin masanin tarihi da fasaha (Fernando), likita a fannin tattalin arziki da mai sukar fina-finai (Miguel), da mawaƙi (Álvaro). Kawunsa shine mai shirya fim Jesús Franco.

Gadon mahaifinsa

Pablo Núñez Díaz (UNED, 2005), an haɗa su sosai Tasirin Julián Marías akan ɗansa: “… cewa bai yarda a ɗauke shi da taken ko wucewa ta siyasa da alama ya shafi ilimin Javier. Babu shakka, gadon da marubucin ya samu daga mahaifinsa ba wai kawai na ɗabi'a ne ko siyasa ba - wanda ba zai zama kaɗan ba - amma kuma ya haɗa da sha'awar tunani na falsafa, adabi da yare ".

A gefe guda kuma, Catalina Jiménez Correa (2017), daga Jami'ar Yammacin Yammacin (Kolombiya), ta yi nazarin tarihin kakannin mahaifin a cikin labaran Javier Marías. Musamman, yana bayyana: “Adadin mahaifinsa, wanda aka ambata sau 348 a lokacin ginshikai 238 da aka yi nazari (tsakanin 2009 da 2013). Babu shakka, ma'anar ɗabi'a ce kuma ya fi karfi ga Marías ”.

Mafi sabo

Javier Marías ya bayyana kansa a matsayin wani ɓangare na waɗanda ake kira ƙarni na 70, sabo. Ya ƙunshi ƙungiyar masana ilimi waɗanda aka haifa bayan Yakin Basasa na Spain, waɗanda, duk da cewa an horar da su a lokacin mulkin Franco, sun sami ilimin da ba na al'ada ba.

Ba kamar maganganun da aka yi na shekarun da suka gabata ba, sababbi ba sa amfani da adabi a matsayin kayan aikin kawo canjin siyasa. Hakanan, membobin wannan rukunin ba su damu sosai da albarkatun fasaha na gargajiya na rubutun Mutanen Espanya ba. Akasin haka, sun karkata ga yin amfani da abubuwa na musamman waɗanda aka keɓance daga mawallafa a cikin wasu yarukan kuma ƙirƙirar wayayyun, haruffan rikicewa, cike da dabaru.

Binciken ayyukansa

Babu shakka, sanannen aikin Javier Marías shine aikinsa a matsayin marubuci. Koyaya, adadi mai yawa na fassarorinsa, abubuwan da suka shafi gajeren labari da kuma labaran da aka buga (gami da kyaututtukan da aka samu) baza'a iya yin watsi dasu ba. Tun farkon aikinsa na fiye da shekaru 40 na aikin adabi, Marías ya nuna ba za a mulke shi ba ta hanyar tsarin tatsuniyar Sifen.

Canza ruhu

Alamarsa ta sabuntawa ta bayyana a littafinsa na farko, A cikin yankin kerk wci (1971). Labari ne mai tasirin tasirin silima a fili, wanda aka saita tsakanin 1920s da 1930s kuma tare da manyan Amurkawa. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan wannan, an tabbatar da wannan halin Ketare sararin sama (1972). Kodayake anachronism mai kauri ya bayyana a cikin littafinsa na biyu, har yanzu yana da daidaitaccen bayani.

Koyaya, Marías bai gama gamsuwa da "pasticho" na littafinsa na uku ba, Sarautar zamani (1978). Wannan mai yiwuwa ne yasa ya sake buga shi a shekarar 2003. A shekarar 1983 aka fitar da littafinsa na hudu, Karni, wanda ke tattare da hujjarsa ta bambance-bambancen gabatar da nau'i-nau'i daga babi. Shi ne farkon littattafansa inda labari ya canza wurare tsakanin mutum na farko da na uku.

Salon kansa

A cewar Sandra Navarro Gil (Jaridar Philology, 2004), a cikin Mutumin da yake da hankali (1986) Marías ta haɓaka haruffa da jigogi daga taken da suka gabata cikin zurfin. Daga wannan taken, marubucin haifaffen Madrid ya cimma “… wata sabuwar hanyar fahimtar adabi: sha'awar wasa da litattafansa na farko suka ba da damar yin amfani da littafin da aka fahimta a matsayin zurfafa tunani wanda tunani, ba kirkira ba, ya zama cikin babban labari. abu ”.

Mutumin da yake da hankali ya zama haɓaka salon da mai ba da labari mai fa'ida a cikin mutumin farko, ta hanyar tallafawa kayan aiki na zamani. Juyin halittar litattafan sa na farko guda uku wadanda suka fi yawan wayo da / ko kuma kyawawan dabi'un mutane suka mamaye su, a hankali ya koma kan wasu hanyoyin da suka fi kusa, dalla-dalla kuma cikakkun bayanai.

Haɗawa

con Duk rayuka (1989). Sannan gabatarwar Zuciya tayi fari (1992) y Gobe ​​a cikin yaƙi kuyi tunani na (1994) wakiltar mafi girman nasarorin edita har zuwa yau. Hakanan, XNUMXs lokaci ne na kyaututtuka masu yawa ga Marías, ba kawai ga litattafansa ba, har ma da fassarar sa, labarai da makaloli.

Bakin baya lokaci (1998) labari ne na marubuta wanda tunanin marubucin ya mamaye zamanin da ba za'a iya karasawa ba. Wannan taken ya riga ya gabata - wataƙila- fitacciyar fasaha ta Javier Marías, Fuskar ka gobe. Labari ne mai dauke da sama da shafuka 1.500 wanda aka kawo su a cikin kundin guda uku: Zazzabi da mashi (2002), Rawa da mafarki (2004) y Lokacin rani da inuwa sai ban kwana (2007).

Sabuntawa da daidaito

Bayan gagarumar nasarar da Fuskar ka gobe Marías ta sake ƙirƙirar sabbin abubuwa tare da gabatar da mace mai ba da labari a Kashe-gari (2011). Yana da littafi mafi kyawun siyarwa (sama da kofe 100.000) kuma an yaba dashi sosai saboda makircin mai binciken sa a tsakanin ɗabi'a da ɗabi'a. Koyaya, babban abin tunawa wanda aka danganta shi da wannan littafin shine National Prize for Spanish Narrative, wanda marubucin ya ƙi.

A kan wannan raguwar, Javier Marías ya bayyana (Oktoba 2012): “Na kasance mai dacewa da abin da na fada koyaushe, cewa ba zan taba samun lambar yabo ta hukuma ba. Idan da PSOE yana kan mulki, da hakan ma ta yi ... Na yi watsi da duk albashin da ke zuwa daga jakar gwamnati. Ban fada ba a wasu lokuta cewa idan aka bani, ba zan iya karbar wata kyauta ba ”.

Cikakken jerin littattafansa

• A cikin yankin kerk wci. Littafin labari (Edhasa, 1971).
• Ketare sararin sama. Littafin labari (La Gaya Ciencia, 1973).
• Sarautar zamani. Labari (Alfaguara, 1978).
• Karni. Littafin labari (Seix Barral, 1983).
• Mutumin da yake da hankali. Labari (Anagrama, 1986).
• Duk rayuka. Labari (Anagrama, 1989).
• Labari na musamman. Muqala (Siruela, 1989).
• Yayin da suke bacci. Gajeren labari (Anagrama, 1990).
• Zuciya tayi fari. Labari (Anagrama, 1992).
• Rubuce rubuce. Muqala (Siruela, 1992).
• Gobe ​​a cikin yaƙi kuyi tunani na. Labari (Anagrama, 1994).
• Lokacin da nake mutum. Labari (Alfaguara, 1996).
• Mutumin da kamar ba ya son komai. Matsala (Espasa, 1996).
• Dubawa. Muqala (Alfaguara, 1997).
• Idan na sake farkawa by William Fauklner. Muqala (Alfaguara, 1997).
• Bakin baya lokaci. Labari (Alfaguara, 1998).
• Halin rashin kyau. Labari (Plaza & Janés, 1998).
• Tunda naga ka mutu by Vladimir Nabokov. Muqala (Alfaguara, 1999).
• Zazzabi da mashi. Labari (Alfaguara, 2002).
• Rawa da mafarki. Labari (Alfaguara, 2004).
• Lokacin rani da inuwa sai ban kwana. Labari (Alfaguara, 2007).
• Fuskar ka gobe. Harhada littattafansa guda uku da suka gabata. (Alfaguara, 2009).
• Kashe-gari. Labari (Alfaguara, 2011).
• Ku zo ku same ni. Adabin yara (Alfaguara, 2011).
• Halin rashin kyau. Tatsuniyoyi masu karɓa da karɓa. Labari (Alfaguara, 2012).
• Wannan shine yadda mummunan ya fara. Labari (Alfaguara, 2014).
• Wellesley's Don Quixote. Bayanan kula don kwas a 1984. Muqala (Alfaguara, 2016).
• Barta Isla. Labari (Alfaguara, 2017).

Hadin gwiwar aikin jarida

Yawancin labaran da aka faɗa a cikin rubutun labari kamar Lokacin da nake mutum (1996) ko Halin rashin kyau (1998) suna da asalin su a cikin jaridu. Hakanan, Javier Marías ya samar da littattafan tattara abubuwa sama da dozin tare da abubuwan ciki daga haɗin gwiwar sa na aikin jarida. Ga wasu 'yan:

• Sha'awar da ta gabata (Anagram, 1991).
• Adabi da fatalwa (Siruela, 1993).
• Fatalwar rai (Aguilar, 1995).
• Daji da jin dadi. Wasikun ƙwallon ƙafa (Aguilar, 2000).
• Inda komai ya faru. Lokacin barin sinima (Gutenberg Galaxy, 2005).
• Miyagun al'umma. Siyasa da wasikun jama'a (Littattafan Lynx, 2010).
• Tsohon darasi. Harafin yare (Gutenberg Galaxy, 2012).