Ivan Krylov. Mashahurin shahararren ɗan Rasha. Ranar tunawa da haihuwarsa

Mariola Díaz-Cano Arévalo

4 minti

Ivan Krylov. Hoton da Karl Briulov (1839) - Tetryakov Gallery. Moscow

Na gano Ivan Krylov kwatsam shekaru da suka wuce, a karatun takadduna ga wani littafin almara da yake rubutawa a tarayyar Soviet a karshen yakin duniya na biyu. Na karanta komai a lokacin: karin magana, wakoki da labarai, saboda kowane irin rubutu da marubutan Rasha suka yi ya ja hankalina, ko kuma na yi la'akari da cewa zai iya zama mai amfani na wani lokaci. Hakanan, na ari sunan karshe na Krylov saboda ina son shi saboda ɗayan haruffa na. An haife shi a Moscow a rana irin ta yau de 1768 kuma an dauke shi azaman mafi girma kuma mafi shahararren ɗan Rasha. Don haka na kawo shi anan gabatar da shi ga wadanda basu sani ba kuma su karanta kamar tatsuniyarsa.

Ivan Andreyevich Krylov

Ivan Andréyevich Krylov ya dan wani soja, wanda ya mutu yana da shekaru 10. Tare da mahaifiyarta ya koma St., don neman fansho na gwamnati. Krylov ya sami wani Ina aiki a kotu, amma bar shi da wuri don sadaukar da kansa gaba ɗaya ga aikinsa na adabi. Na daya comedy cewa ya rubuta yana da shekaru 14 shine bugawarsa ta farko, wanda kuma ya sami lambar yabo wanda ya saka hannun jari a cikin ayyukan marubutan Faransa, don haka gaye a lokacin. Don haka, a farkon, ya zama sananne a matsayin marubucin rubutu da zamantakewa tare da ayyuka kamar Wasikun ruhohi, Mai kallo y Mercury na Saint Petersburg.
A farkon na Karni na XNUMX sanya a tarin farko na tatsuniyoyi 23 kuma yayi matukar nasara. Don haka ci gaba da buga kundin (har zuwa 8) wanda ya yi aiki don haɓaka shahararsa kuma a yi la'akari da shi har zuwa yanzu mashahurin ɗan littafin adabin Rasha. I mana, kafofin don tatsuniyoyin su suna sha daga wahayi na tsofaffin litattafai kamar Aesop ko La Fontaine, amma kuma tare da Halin halayen Rasha. Kuma suna raba wannan niyya mai kyau da misali na jinsi, ban da nuna muguntar mutane da nuna rubutu musamman ma rashin iya aiki, girman kai da wawanci a cikin al'umma na lokacin.
Salonsa yana bayyana da amfani da yayi da yancin yanci, wanda ke haifar da ainihin gaskiyar kuma ya kawo shi kusa da mutane, don haka nasarar sa. Misali, ya sanya dabbobi yin tunani da magana kamar Russia na gaske ba kamar halittun da ba a fahimta ba. Wannan, bari mu ce, kusancin ya sanya shi cikin mawuyacin ra'ayi na masu sukar al'ada, waɗanda suka nuna kuma suka raina amfani da harshe kyauta. Amma kuma akwai wasu marubutan da suka wuce daga baya kamar su Alexander Turawa, mafi girman mai nuna soyayya, wanda ya dauke shi a matsayin «ingantaccen mawaki dan kasar Rasha». Krylov ya mutu a Saint Peterburg a cikin 1844.

Labari biyu

Sauro da makiyayi

Makiyayin ya kwana cikin inuwa, yana dogara ga karnukansa,

lokacin da maciji, yana ganinsa, ya fito daga cikin daji

tayi rarrafe ta jera masa harshenta a kwance.

Kuma fasto din ba zai zama na wannan duniyar ba

amma sauro daga gare shi na rahama,

kuma da karfi yana huda mai bacci.

Ka tashi makiyayi ka kashe macijin;

amma kafin sauro ya kai shi tsakanin mafarki

kuma daga cikin matalauta babu wata alama da ta rage.

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Yaya irin waɗannan shari'o'in suke:

don fiye da masu rauni, masu kyau suka motsa,

ga karfi kokarin nuna gaskiya,

zaka ga daidai yake da sauro

zai faru da shi.

***

Swan, kifin kifin da kaguwa

Lokacin da babu yarjejeniya tsakanin abokan

kasuwancinku ba zai tafi lafiya ba,

kuma kafin wahala za ta fito daga can.

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Swan, kifin kifi da kaguwa

su ja mota suka samu

Su ukun ɗin sun haɗu a kansa.

Sun yi aiki tuƙuru, amma motar ba ta tafi ba!

Nauyin da ke kansu ba zai yi nauyi ba:

amma swan ne yake jan gajimare,

kaguwa da baya, da kifayen kifin.

Wanene a cikinsu mai laifi, wanene ba shi da laifi, ba namu bane mu yanke hukunci.

Motar kawai take har yanzu.


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