Wislawa Szymborska

Wislawa Szymborska

Wislawa Szymborska Fountain: the2banks

Wislawa Szymborska Tana ɗaya daga cikin mawaƙan da ba a san su sosai a duniya ba, duk da cewa, a cikin 1996, ta lashe kyautar Nobel ta Adabi. Abin takaici, ba za mu iya ƙara dogara ga kasancewarsa ba, tun da ya mutu a cikin 2012, amma aikinsa na ci gaba da jimrewa tsawon lokaci kuma tabbas kun riske shi a wani lokaci.

Amma, Wanene Wislawa Szymborska? Me ya rubuta? Me yasa kuka shahara sosai a ƙasarku da kuma ƙasashen waje? Duk wannan, da ƙari, shine abin da zaku sani a yau.

Wanene Wislawa Szymborska

Wanene Wislawa Szymborska

Source: zendalibros

Wislawa Szymborska ba da gaske sunanta bane. Cikakken sunan wannan mawaki shine Maria Wislawa Anna Szymborska. An haife shi a Prowent a cikin 1923 (a yanzu shine abin da muka sani da Kórnik, a Poland).

Mahaifinsa ya kasance mai shayarwa don ƙidaya Wladyslaw Zamoyski, mai garin na Kórnik, kuma lokacin da ya mutu shekara guda bayan haka, yana nufin cewa dole ne dangin su koma Torun, inda Wislawa Szymborska ta girma.

Ya kasance sananne sosai, don haka, tun yana ɗan shekara biyar, lokacin da yake karatu a makaranta, ya fara rubuta waƙa. Dole ne kuma a ce kowa a cikin danginsa masu karatu ne, kuma sun kasance suna karantawa da jayayya game da littattafai. Bayan haka, yana da "kyauta." Kuma ita ce cewa duk waƙoƙin Wislawa Szymborska sun ratsa ta hannun mahaifinsa, kuma idan yana son su, to, ya ba shi tsabar kuɗi a matsayin kyauta, wanda da shi zai iya sayen duk abin da yake so.

A cikin 1931 sun sake matsawa kuma, kodayake ya shiga makarantar zuhudu a Krakow, bai kammala karatunsa ba a can. A wannan lokacin ɗaya daga cikin damuwar da ta sanya mata alama ita ce, ba tare da wata shakka ba, mutuwar mahaifinta. Iyalin ba su sake motsawa ba, amma sun zauna a Krakow inda, bayan 'yan shekaru, tare da Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, a cikin 1940, suka sha wahala mamayar Jamusawa ta Poland.

Saboda wannan, Poles ba za su iya halartar makarantun gwamnati ba. Amma hakan bai hana Wislawa Szymborska ba wacce ta yanke shawarar ci gaba da karatunta kuma ta yi hakan a wata makarantar karkashin kasa, a cikin Wawel Castle. Don haka, a 1941 ya kammala karatunsa na sakandare.

Shekaru biyu bayan haka, ta fara aiki a kan layin dogo, don haka ta guji tura ta zuwa Jamus don tilasta mata aikin karfi. Har ila yau, a wannan lokacin ya kwashe sauran lokacinsa yana yin zane don littafin Ingilishi da rubuta gajerun labaru da wakoki.

Wararshen Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu ya taimaka wa Wislawa Szymborska yin rajista a Jami'ar Jagiellonian da ke Krakow, inda ya zaɓi wallafe-wallafen Yaren mutanen Poland amma daga ƙarshe ya sauya sana’o’i zuwa ilimin zamantakewa. Duk da wannan, bai iya kammala karatunsa ba, amma ya daina karatu a 1948.

Koyaya, a wannan ɗan gajeren lokacin ɗalibin, ya buga wasu waƙoƙi a cikin jaridu da mujallu.

Wislawa Szymborska a cikin wallafe-wallafe

Wislawa Szymborska a cikin wallafe-wallafe

Source: abc

Waka ta farko da Wislawa Szymborska ta buga ita ce a cikin 1945, a cikin ƙarin adabi na yau da kullun Dziennik Polski. Taken sa, Ina neman kalmar (Szukam slowa). Kuma wannan ba kawai yana nufin farkon sa ba ne, har ma sun buɗe ƙofofin waƙoƙinsa a cikin jaridu da kafofin watsa labarai na gida.

A shekarar 1948, lokacin da ta daina karatu a kwaleji saboda ba za ta iya biya ba, ta fara aiki a matsayin sakatare a wata mujallar ilmantarwa, musamman ga jaridar da ta ba ta dama ta farko, Dziennik Polski. Kuma, a daidai lokacin da ta kasance sakatariya, ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai zane da mawaƙa, tun da ta ci gaba da wallafa waƙoƙi.

Hasali ma, a cikin 1949, ya riga ya fara yin waƙoƙin farko.

Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, a cikin '52, ya sake fitar da wasu wakoki na waƙoƙi, Dlatego zyjemy (Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa muke rayuwa), mafi yawansu suna cike da akidarsa ta siyasa. Kuma a wancan lokacin ya zama memba na Worungiyar Ma'aikata ta Poland, tare da babban ra'ayin gurguzu cewa ya juya ba kawai a cikin waɗannan waƙoƙin ba, har ma a na gaba, a cikin 1954, Pytania zadawane sobie (Tambayoyin da aka yi wa da kansa).

Yanzu, duk da kasancewarsa mai ra'ayin gurguzu, bayan shekaru uku sai ya wallafa wani sabon kundin wakoki, Walanie do yet (Kira ga Yeti) inda ya nuna bayyananniyar cizon yatsa da kuma karya da cewa akidar gurguzu da kuma yadda ta canza a tunaninta, ba ta gamsu da yadda irin wannan siyasar ta yi aiki ba.

Kari kan haka, ya nuna damuwa ga bil'adama, musamman Stalinism, har ma da sadaukar da waka ga Stalin inda ya kwatanta shi da mai kyaun dusar ƙanƙara (Yeti). Har zuwa wannan lokacin ya yi watsi da kwaminisanci da gurguzu wanda ya yi watsi da waɗannan ayyukan guda biyu da ya buga kuma ba ya son jin ta bakinsu kuma.

Wadanne littattafai ya rubuta

Abin da littattafai Wislawa Szymborska suka rubuta

Dole ne ku yi la'akari da hakan Wislawa Szymborska ta fara rubutu tun tana ɗan shekara 5. Ance ya bar rubutattun waqoqi sama da 350. A cikin littattafai, ya rubuta fiye da 15 na waƙa da karin magana. Amma duk da cewa muna da yawa, ba za mu iya cewa ya shahara a duniya ba, a zahiri ba haka bane. Sun ɗan san ta a ƙasarta, amma ba a waje ba. Kamar yadda aka fi saninta, yana cikin sauran ayyukanta: sukar adabi da fassara.

Don haka yaushe a shekarar 1996 aka bashi lambar yabo ta Nobel ta adabi, Wislawa Szymborska abin mamaki ne, duka nata da kuma duk waɗanda basu san ta ba har zuwa wannan lokacin. Tabbas, ba ita ce kawai lambar yabo da aka ba shi ba. A baya ya riga ya sami wasu, kamar Kyautar Ma'aikatar Al'adu ta Poland, wanda aka bayar a 1963; Kyautar Goethe, a 1991; ko kuma kyautar girmamawa ta Herder da kuma girmamawa a matsayin Dakta mai girmamawa na Wasiku ta Jami'ar Adam Mickiewicz na Poznan, a 1995.

1996 babbar shekara ce a gareta, ba wai kawai saboda kyautar Nobel ba, amma kuma saboda an ba ta lambar yabo ta PEN ta Poland.

Shekaru daga baya, a cikin 2011, ya karɓi ɗayan kyaututtuka na kwanan nan, Orla Bialego Order (Order of White Eagle), mafi girman girmamawa da aka samu a Poland.

A Spain zaku iya samun wani ɓangare na aikin fassararsa, wasu daga cikin littattafan sune:

  • Yanayin ƙasa tare da hatsi na yashi.
  • Maki biyu.
  • Babban adadi.
  • Farin cikin soyayya da sauran kasidu.
  • Wasikun adabi.
  • Wakokin waka.

A ƙarshe, mun bar ku tare ɗayan waƙoƙin Wislawa Szymborska.

SANARWA TA KALMOMI

DUK wanda ya san inda yake

na tausayi (tunanin ruhu),

"Bari ya yi gargaɗi!" , Bari ya yi gargaɗi!

Bari in rera shi da babbar murya

da rawa kamar na rasa hankali

jubilant ƙarƙashin ramin Willow

Har abada a bakin gab da fashewa da kuka.

Na koyar da yin shiru

a cikin kowane yare

tare da hanyar tunani

na taurari,

da muƙamuƙi na sinantropus,

- katako,

dusar ƙanƙara.

NA KOMA DA soyayya.

Hankali! Ciniki!

A cikin ciyawar jiya,

lokacin da, wanka a rana har zuwa wuyansa,

kuna kwance yayin da iska ke rawa

(maigidan rawar gashi).

Bayar da "Mafarki".

An so mutum

yi kuka

ga tsofaffi waɗanda ke cikin gidajen tsofaffi

mutu. Ku bauta wa kanku

fito gaba ba tare da nassoshi ba

babu rubutattun buƙatu.

Za a lalata takardun

ba tare da amincewa da rasit ba.

DON ALKAWARI MIJINA

— Cewa ya yaudare ka da launuka

na yawan jama'a, tare da tashin hankali,

tare da ma'aurata daga taga, tare da kare

bayan bango-

cewa ba za ka taɓa zama kai kaɗai ba

a cikin magariba, shiru kuma ba numfashi.

Ba zan iya amsawa ba.

Dare, bazawara na yini.

trad. Elzbieta Bortkiewicz


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  1.   Noel perez m

    Na kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka gano shi a makare kuma ban daina kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin mawaƙan da na fi so ba. Da yawa wakoki ne wadanda suka birge ni, amma na farkon da ya buge ni babu shakka Lambar Pi ce.