Gerardo diego

Gerardo Diego Cendoya marubucin waƙoƙin Spain ne kuma marubuci, wanda aka ɗauka ɗayan mashahuran mambobi ne na abin da ake kira Zamanin 27. A cikin sana'arsa ta kwarewa, ya yi fice a matsayin farfesa a fannin adabi da waka. Amfani da piano ya yi kyau. Tare da sauran membobin ƙungiyar da aka ambata a sama na fasaha-falsafa, ya jagoranci ƙirƙirar shahararren tarihin gargajiya.

Hakazalika, ya jagoranci "sake gano gongorism." Wannan babban mashahurin malamin ne a lokacin Zamanin Zinaren Mutanen Espanya wanda burinsa shine ya ɗaukaka aikin Góngora. A ƙarshen rayuwarsa, An girmama aikin wallafe-wallafen Diego tare da Kyautar Miguel de Cervantes ta 1979 (a tare da Jorge Luis Borges).

Tarihin Rayuwa

Yara da karatu

An haife shi a Santander, a ranar 3 ga Oktoba, 1896. A cikin dangin 'yan kasuwar masaku, wanda hakan ya ba shi kyakkyawar horon ilimi. A zahiri, matashin Gerardo ya iya yin fice a ka’idar kiɗa, piano, zane-zane da kuma azuzuwan adabi. Ari ga haka, sanannen mai sukar Narciso Alonso Cortés yana ɗaya daga cikin malamansa. Ya cusa mata son wasiƙu.

A Jami'ar Deusto ya karanci Falsafa da Haruffa. A can ya sadu da Juan Larrea, wanda ya kulla kawance mai mahimmanci don aikinsa na adabi. Ko da digiri na uku ya sami shi a Jami'ar Madrid. A wancan gidan karatun ya sami kujerar Harshe da Adabi, batun da daga baya ya koyar a wurare kamar Soria, Cantabria, Asturias da Madrid.

Ayyukan farko

Labarin Kakar Kaka (1918) shine farkon wallafe-wallafensa, wanda aka buga a Jaridar Montañés. Hakanan, a lokacin hada kai da kafofin yada labarai daban-daban. Tsakanin su, Mujallar Grail, Mujallar Castellana. Ya kuma rubuta don wasu mujallu na gaba-garde kamar Girka, Mai Tunani o Cervantes. A cikin babban birnin Spain ya fara halartar athenaeum kuma ya ciyar da kansa tare da ayyukan fasaha a farkon 20s.

Soyayyar amarya (1920) shi ne littafin sa na farko na waƙa. A cikin wannan rubutun, tasirin Juan Ramón Jiménez da haɗe shi da hanyoyin gargajiya suna faɗuwa. Koyaya, bayan ɗan gajeren zama a Faris, Gerardo Diego ya fara karkata ga abubuwan da ke gaba. Waɗannan suna da alaƙa da ƙirƙirarrun waƙoƙi da waƙoƙi masu daɗi.

Juyin halitta zuwa ga salon avant-garde

Babban birnin Faransa ya kawo mawaki daga Santander zuwa kusanci. Daga wannan kwarewar ya fara cakuɗa jigogi biyu ko uku a cikin waƙa ɗaya. A lokaci guda, sanya hoton halitta a cikin littattafan wakokinsa. Wadannan fannoni suna da fa'ida a cikin wallafe-wallafensa masu zuwa, Imagen (1922) y Jagoran kumfa (1924).

A ƙasa akwai guntu ne daga waƙar "Halitta" (ƙarshen babin farko na Imagen):

"Shin ba ku tunani, 'yan'uwa

cewa mun rayu shekaru da yawa a ranar Asabar?

Mun huta

saboda Allah ya bamu komai anyi.

Kuma ba muyi komai ba, saboda duniya

mafi alheri daga Allah.

‘Yan’uwa, mu shawo kan lalaci.

Bari muyi misali, mu kirkiri Litinin dinmu

Talata da Laraba,

ranar alhamis da juma'a.

… Bari muyi Farawa.

Tare da katakon katako

da tubalin iri ɗaya

tare da lalata duwatsu,

Mu sake daga duniyar mu

Shafin babu komai. "

A cewar Ruiza et al. (2004), madaidaiciyar hanyar nazarin aikin Diego shine "ta hanyar fahimtar wadannan hanyoyi guda biyu da suke wakiltar, gwargwadon nasa furcin, ta 'wakokin dangi', wadatar ta hanyar fahimta ta hakika, da kuma 'cikakkiyar baitin', wanda aka ci gaba a kalma mai ma'ana da ma'ana ta biyu ".

Tsarkakewa

Kuna iya siyan littafin anan: Ayoyin mutane

A 1925 Gerardo Diego ya buga Ayoyin mutane, tarin wakoki wadanda suka nuna sauyi a aikinsa na adabi. To a waccan shekarar an karrama shi da National Prize for Literature (an karɓa tare da Rafael Alberti). Kari kan haka, a wancan lokacin ya dade a Gijón, inda ya kafa mujallu Carmen y Lola, duka yanke avant-garde

Don tabbatar da gongorism

Marubucin Cantabrian ya jagoranci, tare da Alberti, Pedro Salinas da Melchor Fernández Almagro, jerin bugu da taruka na tunawa da bikin karni na Góngora. Initiativeaddamarwar ta haɗu da marubutan girman Dámaso Alonso, García Lorca, Bergamín, Gustavo Durán, Moreno Villa, Marichalar da José María Hinojosa.

Mawaƙa spanish

A cikin 1931 ya sami damar canzawa zuwa Cibiyar Santander, a baya ya gabatar da laccoci da maimaitawa a Argentina da Uruguay. Bayan shekara guda ya bayyana tarihin da ya ba da tabbaci sananne ga mawaƙan Zamani na 27: Wakokin Sifen: 1915 - 1931.

Littafin ya kuma kunshi marubutan Azurfa irin su Miguel de Unamuno da Antonio Machado. Kodayake na biyu (1934), Juan Ramón Jiménez ya yanke shawarar ware kansa. Jerin mawaƙan zamani da suka gabatar a cikin litattafan tarihi sun haɗa da:

• Ruben Dario.
• Valle-Inclan.
• Francis Villaespesa.
• Edward Markina.
• Henry na Table.
• Tomas Morales.
• Jose del Rio Sainz.
• Alonso Quesada.
• Mauricio Bacarisse.
• Antonio Espina ne adam wata.
• Juan Jose Domenchina.
• Leon Felipe.
• Ramon of Basterra.
• Hoton Ernestina de Champourcín.
• Josephine na Tower.

Kafin da bayan yakin basasa

A cikin 1932, Diego ya buga a Mexico Labarin Equis da Zeda, waƙa tare da abubuwan almara da gongorian overtones. A waccan shekarar ya ƙaddamar Wakoki akan manufa, aikin da ke nuna tsarin ma'auni na baroque - tare da ainihin goma da shida - don ba da daidaito ga jigon avant-garde. A lokaci guda, a cikin shekarun da suka gabata kafin yakin basasa, marubucin Spain ya ba da taruka a duk duniya.

A 1934 ya auri Germaine Berthe Louise Marin, 'yar asalin Faransa. Tana da shekaru goma sha biyu da shi. Sun haifi yara shida. Lokacin da yakin basasa ya barke, Diego ya kasance a Faransa, tare da dangin matarsa. Ya koma Santander a cikin 1937, bayan nasarar sojojin Janar Francisco Franco.

Francoist

Gerardo Diego ya hau kujerar shugabancin kungiyar ne a inda ya nuna fifikon Francoist kuma ya ci gaba da zama a Spain a lokacin mulkin kama karya. Saboda haka, aikinsa na adabi bai shafe shi ba. Bugu da ƙari, a cikin 1940s ya shiga Royal Academy (1947) kuma ya buga da yawa daga cikin ingantattun ayyukansa. Tsakanin su: Mala'ikun Compostela (1940), Real lark (1941) y Wata a cikin hamada (1949).

Haka nan kuma, ya yi rubuce-rubuce a cikin magoya bayan kafofin watsa labarai daban-daban na gwamnatin, kamar jaridar Sabuwar Spain daga Oviedo da mujallu Karkatarwa, Toshe, Harshen Sipaniyanci y Kalmar dubawa. Yawancin abokansa sun ƙi goyon bayansa ga Franco, musamman lokacin da bai goyi bayan sakin Miguel Hernández ba.

Ya haɗu? gaskatawa

Pablo Neruda ya soki matsayin Diego a cikin wasu ayoyin nasa Janar waka. Koyaya, abin da aka ambata da aka ambata a cikin nasa Tarihin rayuwar mutum: "Yaƙin ... bai rage mana komai ba don kiyaye ƙawancenmu, har ma da ƙara rarrabuwar kawuna a cikin waƙoƙin, saboda wasu sun fara yin waƙoƙin ba da izini kamar ..." ...

Legacy

Gerardo Diego Cendoya yana da rayuwa mai tsawo. Ya mutu a Madrid yana da shekara casa'in, a ranar 8 ga Yulin 1987. A saboda wannan dalili - galibi daga lokacin yakin - yana da lokaci don faɗaɗa adadin wallafe-wallafensa zuwa littattafai sama da hamsin. Kusan dukkaninsu suna cikin nau'ikan waƙoƙin waƙa, daga cikinsu mafiya shahararrun su ne:

• Tarihin rayuwa bai cika ba (1953).
• Soyayya shayari (1965).
• Komawa ga alhaji (1967).
• Tushen so (1970).
• Ayoyin Allah (1971).

A ƙarshe - Labaran bidiyo a gefe— Babban darajar marubucin Santander ya kasance mai daraja a rayuwarsa tare da Miguel de Cervantes Prize a cikin 1980. An ba shi wannan lambar yabo ta hanyar raba tare da Jorge Luis Borges (shi ne kawai lokacin da aka ba shi ta wannan hanyar). Ba abin mamaki bane, tasirin Gerardo Diego akan waƙoƙin Cantabrian da na ƙasa yana nan daram har zuwa yau.