"Wataƙila shine mafi girman labari a cikin littafin almara na kimiyya", kamar yadda Hari Kuzru ya ayyana shi. The Guardian (2015) ku ɗan tutun rairai (1965). Tabbas ƙwaƙƙwaran Franz Herbert shine sanannen ikon amfani da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da sunan kamfani na kowane lokaci. Haka kuma, dacewarsa da tasirinsa a cikin al'adun zamani ya bayyana a cikin sagas na almara na baya kamar su. star Wars o Viaje wani las estrellas, alal misali.
Aikin marubucin Amurka ya haifar da faffadan sararin samaniya da ake wakilta a cikin fina-finai, jerin talabijin, wasan ban dariya, wasannin bidiyo da wasannin katin, da sauransu. Wani ɓangare na girmansa ya kasance saboda gudummawar wasu marubutan da Herbert ya ba da izini daga 1984. Waɗannan gudummawar sun ƙara ƙarin cikakkun bayanai zuwa "duniya cosmos" waɗanda ba a cikin litattafan asali.
Analysis da taƙaitaccen bayani na sararin samaniya na ɗan tutun rairai
Abubuwa
A cikin 1957, ɗan jaridar Amurka, mai daukar hoto da marubuci ya zama mai sha'awar don nasarar dasa ciyawa na Turai a cikin dunes na bakin tekun Oregon. Wannan yunƙuri, wanda Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Amurka ta kammala, ya kai shi ga rubuta"Sun Dakatar Da Tashin Yashi" ("Suka dakatar da yashi mai sauri").
Ko da yake bai taba buga labarin da aka ambata ba. Herbert ya ci gaba da haɓaka ra'ayin duniyar hamada da ke fama da tuddai masu motsi lalacewa ta hanyar muhalli. A cikin 1963, marubucin Washington ya kammala rubutun Duniya Dune da kuma mujallar analog An buga shi a sigar serial (Disamba 1963 - Fabrairu 1964).
Bugawa da kyaututtuka na farko
Mawallafa ashirin da biyu ne suka ƙi rubutun, waɗanda suka ba da hujjar yanke shawararsu game da sarƙaƙƙiyar makircin. Koyaya, a cikin 1965 Littattafan Chilton sun zaɓi ƙaddamar da shi a tsarin novel. Taken ya sami lambar yabo ta 1965 Nebula Award kuma an raba shi da shi Mara mutuwa na Roger Zelazny Hugo Award na 1966.
Mai taken
Fanorama na Yammacin Amurka kusa da Abubuwan da Herbert ya samu tare da jama'ar Amurkawa sun tsara hangen nesa na siyasa ɗan tutun rairai. Hasali ma, marubuci ya koyi sana’ar kamun kifi da dabaru daga ƙabilar Hoh a lokacin ƙuruciyarsa. Har ila yau, daga 1960 marubucin marubucin ya kasance mai fafutukar yaki da yaki da makaman nukiliya, tare da matsayinsa na goyon bayan kafa ranar Duniya.
Hakazalika, Herbert ya yi bincike sosai game da yanayin hamada da kuma tasirin muhallin aikin ɗan adam don kwatanta mu'amalar mutum da muhallinsa. Ta wannan hanyar. Manazartan adabi sun yi nuni da tasirin ilmin kimiya na zamani kan ilmin halitta na zamani (Ilimin zamantakewa na yanayida kuma tarihi Psychology (Canjin Halin Mutum).
Sauran jigogi da aka gabatar a cikin litattafan ɗan tutun rairai
- Rushewar masarautu
- Jaruntaka
- Tasirin Musulunci da Gabas ta Tsakiya
- addini da ruhi
Sequels da Herbert ya rubuta da daidaitawar gani na gani
Franz Herbert ya wallafa jerin abubuwa biyar: Dune Masihu (1969), 'Ya'yan Dune (1976), Allah, Sarkin Dune (1981), 'Yan bidi'a na Dune (1984) y Babi: Dune (1985). Godiya a gare su, an shigar da Herbert cikin dakin Fame na Kimiyya a cikin 2006.. Ba a banza ba, an daidaita saga zuwa babban allo sau biyu (1984 da 2021) da kuma zuwa jerin lambobin yabo da yawa.
Bayan mutuwar Franz Herbert a 1986. dansa Brian da Kevin J. Anderson sun dogara da rubuce-rubucen da ba a kammala ba na marubuci don haɗa ƙa'idodin farko na ɗan tutun rairai. Daga nan kuma aka sake fitar da wani nau'i na uku wanda ke nuna "yaƙin ɗan adam a kan kwamfutoci, na'urori masu tunani, da robobin mutane" (shekaru 10.000 kafin abubuwan da suka faru na littafin farko).
Trilogy na farko na Brian Herbert da Kevin J. Anderson
- Dune: House Atreides (1999)
- Dune: House Harkonnen (2000)
- Dune: Gidan Corrino (2002).
Na biyu trilogy na Brian Herbert da Kevin J. Anderson (Legends na Dune)
- Dune: The Butlerian Jihad (2002)
- Dune: The Machine Crusade (2003)
- Dune: Yaƙin Corrin (2004).
Sauran littattafan da Herbert da Anderson suka sanya wa hannu
- Mafarauta Dune (2006)
- Sandworms na Dune (2007)
- SautiJaruman Dune:
- Paul na Dune (2008)
- Iskar Dune (2009)
- Yar'uwar Dune (2012)
- Ma'anar sunan farko Dune (2014)
- Navigators na Dune (2016)
- SautiCaladan Trilogy:
- Dune: Duke of Caladan (2020)
- Dune: Magajin Caladan (2021)
Takaitaccen littafin ɗan tutun rairai (1965)
ɗan tutun rairai An saita shi a nan gaba mai nisa. Littafin littafin ya bayyana rikice-rikice na cikin gida na daular feudal intergalactic Gidajen Noble ne ke sarrafa su, wanda, bi da bi, suna ba da girmamawa ga Imperial House Corrino. Jarumin shine Paul Atreides, matashin magaji ga Duke Leto Atreides I kuma shugaban gidan na gaba wanda ke ɗauke da sunan sa.
Lokacin da Bulus da iyalinsa suka ƙaura zuwa duniyar Arrakis - na musamman a sararin samaniya tare da tushen kayan yaji -, yana duba hadaddun mu’amalar siyasa da ke akwai. Har ila yau, batutuwan addini da muhalli suna nan, da kuma tasirin zamantakewar ci gaban fasaha. A cikin wannan mahallin, asalin rikice-rikicen da za su canza makomar bil'adama yana faruwa.
Sauran gidaje da halayen da ke ciki
- Mutanen Arrakis
- Sarkin Padishah
- Babban Guild Sarari
- The Bene Gesserit Order, ƙungiyar mata ta sirri.
Kiran rayuwar marubucin
Haihuwa, yarinta da kuruciya
An haifi ɗan asalin Tacoma, Washington, Amurka, Frank Patrick Herbert Jr. a ranar 8 ga Oktoba, 1920. Ya girma a ƙauye tare da iyayensa, Frank Patrick Herbert Sr. da Eileen McCarthy. Tun yana karami ya nuna abin da manyan sha'awarsa guda biyu za su kasance a rayuwa: karatu da daukar hoto.
Talauci ya shafi dangin Herbert sosai a lokacin Babban Balaguro. Saboda wannan dalili, a cikin 1938 ya koma Salem, Oregon, tare da inna. Can, Ya sauke karatu daga North Salem High School kuma ya sami ayyukansa na farko-mafi yawa a matsayin mai daukar hoto. a cikin jaridar Jihar Oregon (ainihin Jaridar 'Yan Jarida).
Aure
An yi aure mawallafin nan gaba 1941 da 1943 tare da Flora Lillian Parkinson, mahaifiyar ɗan farinsa, Penelope. Daga baya, ya yi aure a 1946 tare da Beverly Ann Stuart-har zuwa mutuwarta a 1983-, tare da wanda yake da 'ya'ya maza biyu: Brian Patrick da Bruce Calvin. Daga karshe, Theresa D. Shackelford ita ce mace ta ƙarshe na Herbert tsakanin 1985 y 1986, shekarar rasuwar marubuci.
Shiga cikin yaƙi da wallafe-wallafen farko da aka rubuta
Frank Herbert yayi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto don rukunin ruwan teku Sojojin ruwan Amurka a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu. Wannan aikin ya kasance na tsawon watanni shida (an sallame shi saboda ciwon kai). Daga baya, ya zauna a Portland, Oregon, inda ya yi aiki Jaridar Oregon kuma ya fara karatunsa (bai kammala ba) a Jami'ar Washington.
Sauran kafafen yada labarai na bugawa da ya yi aiki da su
A cikin 1952, Herbert ya sayar da labarin almarar kimiyya na farko, "neman wani abu, zuwa mujallar Labaran Farko. A halin yanzu, ya rike mukamai daban-daban - daga mai daukar hoto da marubuci zuwa edita - a jaridu da mujallu kamar haka: Seattle Post-Intelligencer (1945-1946), Tacoma Times (1947), Santa Rosa Press Democrat (1949-1955). San Francisco malamin duba (1960-1966), da sauransu.