Dan bidi'a

Dan bidi'a shine sabon labari na shahararren marubucin Valladolid Miguel Delibes. Ediciones Destino ne ya buga shi a cikin Spain a cikin 1998. Labari ne na nau'in tarihi wanda ke nuna abubuwan rashin tausayi da suka faru a lokacin "farautar Lutherans" a ƙasashen Cervantes a karni na 1999. An dauki wannan littafi a matsayin daya daga cikin cikakkun ayyukan marubucin, wanda ya ba shi damar lashe lambar yabo ta kasa don ba da labari a cikin XNUMX.

Miguel Delibes ya kware sosai a fannin adabi, wanda ya yi fice a matsayin daya daga cikin mawallafin litattafai mafi mahimmanci na lokacin yakin Spain. Fassarar ta yana ɗaukar ayyuka sama da 60, waɗanda suka haɗa da litattafai, gajerun labarai, kasidu, tafiye-tafiye da littattafan farauta. Nasarar da ya samu tana bayyana ne a cikin kyaututtuka da karramawar da ya yi masa, da kuma yadda ya dace da ayyukansa zuwa fina-finai, wasan kwaikwayo da talabijin.

Takaitawa na Dan bidi'a

Iyalin Salcedo

The Salcedes, Don Bernardo da matarsa ​​CatalinaSu ma'aurata ne na matsayi mai kyau na zamantakewa, godiya ga kasuwancin su tare da yadudduka na woolen. Kusan shekaru takwas sun yi ƙoƙarin haifar da rashin nasara- ga magajin dukiyarsa da dukiyarsa. Ta hanyar shawarwarin abokai, suna zuwa wajen likita Almenara, wanda, na dogon lokaci, yana taimaka musu da dabaru daban-daban na hadi.

Mai son ciki

Duk da aiwatar da matakai daban-daban. doña Catalina ba zai iya yin ciki ba, don haka ya yanke shawarar daina tunanin. Jimawa kadan bayan haka, Lokacin da bege ya ɓace, uwargidan ya kasance a kan tef. Don Bernardo ya yi farin ciki da labarin, tun da a ƙarshe an albarkace su da ɗa.

Mummunan lamari

Oktoba 30, 1517, Dona Catherine ta haifi ɗa mai lafiya wanda suka yi baftisma a matsayin Cipriano. Duk da haka,, duk da murnar shigowar su. ba komai ya kasance farin ciki ba. A lokacin haihuwa. matar ya gabatar da matsalolin da likitoci ba za su iya magancewa ba, kuma a cikin 'yan kwanaki ya mutu. An binne Mrs. Salcedo da girma da daukaka, saboda ya shafi mutuniyar zamantakewar ta da banbanci.

Kin amincewa

Don Bernardo ya yi baƙin ciki bayan mutuwar matarsa kuma ya ƙi jaririn saboda la'akari da shi da laifin abin da ya faru. Duk da wannan, mutumin dole ne kula nemi ma'aikaciyar jinya don Cipriano. Haka ne haya ma'adinai, Yarinya ’yar shekara 15 da ta yi fama da rashin jaririnta, don haka ta iya shayar da ‘yar karamar nono ba tare da matsala ba.

Aiko gidan marayu

ma'adinai ta kasance tana renon yaron tsawon shekaru. ta kula dashi ta bashi soyayyar uwa da nake bukata. Tun ina karama, Cipriano ya kasance mai dadi da basira, halaye mara kyau ga Don Bernardo, wanda ya nemi hana shi. Mahaifinsa bai yi ƙoƙari ya ƙaunace shi ba kuma bayan lokaci wannan ƙiyayya ta rama. Wannan ya jawo wannan mutumin shigar da shi -A matsayin hanyar azabtarwa- a gidan marayu.

Lokacin wahala

zaman Cipriano a hostel da wuya, can sai da tasha wahala baya ga zalunci. Duk da haka, a wannan wurin ya sami ilimi kuma ya sami ilimi iri-iri. A cikin waɗannan shekarun, ya ji game da kogin Furotesta na farko game da Katolika a Turai. Ya kuma hada kai da sahabbansa domin kula da majinyata na annoba da ta halaka Castile, wadda ta yi sanadin mutuwar dubban mutane.

Maraya da magaji

Mummunan annoba ta taɓa Cipriano a hankalitunda ya rasa mahaifinsa a hannun annoba. Bayan mutuwar Don Bernardo. saurayi, yanzu maraya, shine kadai gado na dukiyar iyalinsa. Ba da daɗewa ba, ya karɓi kasuwancin kuma ya fito da kyawawan ra'ayoyi waɗanda suka ƙara haɓaka. Sabuwar halittarsa ​​- Jaket ɗin da aka yi da fata - ya shahara sosai tare da yawan jama'a da haɓaka tallace-tallace.

Babban canje-canje

Rayuwar Cyprian inganta sosai, ciki har da samu soyayya kusa da Teo, kyakkyawar mace wadda ya aura da ita. Tare da ita, ya sami lokuta masu dadi. Duk da haka, farin ciki a hankali ya dushe, tun ma'auratan ba za su iya haihuwa ba. Teo ya shagaltu da haka ya karasa rashin daidaito a hankali y An shigar da shi a wata ma'aikata inda a karshe ya mutu.

Ƙarshen mara tsammani da zalunci

Wannan ya canza rayuwar Cipriano — Mutumin mai addini sosai - saboda ya zargi kansa da abin da ya faru kuma an sanya shi a matsayin tuba na sauran kwanakinsa. Tun daga nan, ya fara ganawa da kungiyoyin Lutheran karkashin kasa, wanda ya yi aiki da hankali don ya tsira daga Inquisition Mai Tsarki.

Gaskiyar sa ta canza lokacin Filibus II - Katolika masu aminci - ya maye gurbin mahaifinsa a ekursiyin, To wannan an umarceta da a kawo karshen duk wani bidi'a data kasance a cikin masarauta. Korar ta yi; mummunar makoma ta jira Furotesta na lokacin da aka kama kuma ba su musanta imaninsu ba. Wadanda suka ja da baya sun yi nasarar tsira. Duk da haka, Cyprian ya ƙi barin koyarwarsa, kuma ya riƙe imaninsa har zuwa ƙarshe.

Basic bayanai na aikin

Bidi'a wani labari ne da aka kafa a Valladolid, Spain, a cikin ƙarni na XNUMX, lokacin mulkin Carlos V. Littafin. An haɓaka shi a cikin shafuka 424 tare da manyan sassa uku an raba su zuwa babi 17 gabaɗaya. Wani mai ba da labari na mutum na uku ƙware ne ya kwatanta makircin, wanda ya ba da labarin rayuwar jarumin, Cipriano Salcedo.

Takaitaccen tarihin marubucin, Miguel Delibes

Miguel Delibes Setien An haife shi a ranar 17 ga Oktoba, 1920 a birnin Valladolid na Spain. Iyayensa sune María Setién da Farfesa Adolfo Delibes. Ya yi karatun firamare a Colegio de las Carmelitas a garinsu. Yana da shekaru 16, ya kammala karatun digirinsa a Makarantar Lourdes. Bayan shekara biyu -Bayan an fara yakin basasa a Spain—, da son rai ya shiga Sojan Ruwa.

a 1939, bayan kawo karshen yakin da ake yi da makami. Ya koma Valladolid ya fara karatu a Cibiyar Kasuwanci. Bayan kammala digirinsa, ya shiga Makarantar Fasaha da Sana'o'i don karanta Shari'a. A lokaci guda, ya yi aiki a matsayin mai zane-zane kuma mai sukar fim a jaridar Arewacin Castilla. A cikin 1942, an ba shi laƙabi a matsayin Intendant Mercantile A tsakiyar Altos Estudios Mercantiles de Bilbao.

Gasar adabi

Ya fara a duniyar adabi da kafar dama albarkacin aikinsa Inuwar cypress tana da tsayi (1948), novel wanda ya samu kyautar Nadal. Bayan shekaru biyu, ya buga Ko da rana ce (1949), aikin da ya sa ya sha wahala daga 'yan Francoists. Duk da haka, marubucin bai tsaya ba. Bayan littafinsa na uku. Hanya (1950), yana gabatar da ayyuka a kowace shekara, gami da litattafai, labarai, kasidu da tarihin tafiya.

Tun daga Fabrairu 1973 - har zuwa ranar mutuwarsa -. Delibes ya mamaye kujerar "e" na Royal Academy Sifeniyanci. A tsawon aikinsa na marubuci, ya sami lambobin yabo masu mahimmanci na ayyukansa, da kuma mukamai honoris causa a jami'o'i daban-daban. Sun bambanta da su:

• Kyautar Yariman Asturias don Adabi (1982)
• Doctor girmama causa daga Jami'ar Complutense na Madrid (1987)
• Kyauta ta ƙasa don haruffa Mutanen Espanya (1991)
• Kyautar Miguel de Cervantes (1993)
• Lambar Zinariya ta Castilla y León (2009)

Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa

Miguel Delibes hoton mai sanya wuri Ya auri Ángeles de Castro a ranar 23 ga Afrilu, 1946, da waye yana da 'ya'ya bakwai: Miguel, Ángeles, Germán, Elisa, Juan Domingo, Adolfo da Camino. A shekara ta 1974, mutuwar matarsa ​​ta kasance alama ce ta gaba da kuma bayan rayuwarsa, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ya rage saurin buga littattafansa. Maris 12, 2010, bayan fama da ciwon daji na dogon lokaci. ya mutu a gidansa en Valladolid.

Tun daga 2007, don bikin cika shekaru 87 na marubucin, gidajen wallafe-wallafen Destino da Círculo de Lectores sun buga littattafai bakwai waɗanda suka tattara ayyukansa. Wadannan su ne:

• Marubuci, I (2007)
• Abubuwan tunawa da tafiya (2007)
• Marubuci, II (2008)
• Marubuci, III (2008)
• Marubuci, IV (2009)
• Mai farauta (2009)
• Dan jarida. Marubuci (2010)

Littattafan marubuta

• Inuwar cypress tana da tsayi (1948)
• Koda rana ce (1949)
• Hanya (1950)
• Idana Sisi mai tsafi (1953)
• Diary na Hunter (1955)
• Diary na ƙaura (1958)
• Ganyen ja (1959)
• Berayen (1962)
• Awanni biyar tare da Mario (1966)
• Misali na castaway (1969)
• Yarima mai jiran gado (1973)
• Yakokin kakanninmu (1975)
• Kuri'un da aka kaɗa na Señor Cayo (1978)
• Tsarkaka tsarkaka (1981)
• Haruffa na soyayya daga mai yawan son yin jima'i (1983)
• Taskar (1985)
• Jarumi itace (1987)
• Uwargida mai launin ja a launin toka mai launin toka (1991)
• Diary na mai ritaya (1995)
• Dan bidi'a (1998)