Abubuwan sha'awa game da kyautar Nobel don wallafe-wallafen da ya kamata ku sani

Kyautar Nobel don Littattafan adabi

Kyautar Nobel don Adabi Yana daya daga cikin muhimman lambobin yabo a duniya.. Yawancin marubuta suna so su ci nasara amma ba duka suke samu ba. Koyaya, akwai wasu cikakkun bayanai waɗanda yakamata ku sani, abubuwan son sani waɗanda basa fitowa sau da yawa amma suna da ban mamaki.

Don haka, mun yi ɗan bincike don gano wasu abubuwan sha'awar kyautar da aka ba da kyautar. marubuta. Kuna so ku sani?

Shekaru 41, wannan shine shekarun mafi karancin kyautar Nobel akan adabi

Kuma shi ne, idan ka duba kadan a cikin jerin masu nasara. Yawancin su suna 60-70 kuma sama da su. Amma matashin marubuci ba a taba ba shi kyautar ba. ƙarami shine shari'ar 1907 wanda Rudyard Kipling yake wanda, mai shekaru 41, ya lashe kyautar.

Amma wannan ba a sake maimaita abin da aka rigaya ba yana riƙe da rikodin kasancewarsa ƙaramin marubuci da lambar yabo ta Nobel don adabi.

Shekaru 88, yana da shekaru mafi tsufan lambar yabo ta Nobel kan adabi

Kyautar Nobel a cikin Adabi

Kamar yadda muka sha fada muku a baya wanene mafi karancin shekaru da ya samu kyautar, haka nan yana da kyau a san wanda ya fi kowa tsufa da ya samu kyautar. Kuma a cikin wannan yanayin, mai sa'a ya kasance Doris Lessing, wanda, yana da shekaru 88, ya lashe kyautar da aka fi so ga marubuta.

Har ya zuwa yau, babu wanda ya girme shi, kodayake da yawa sun kusan kusan shekarunsa (80s da sama). Doris ta karɓi shi a cikin 2007 kuma cikin baƙin ciki ya mutu bayan ƴan shekaru, a watan Nuwamba 2013.

Dukiyar da marubuci ke samu don kyautar Nobel ta adabi

Ba mu sani ba ko marubuta suna son lambar yabo ta Nobel don adabi kawai saboda wannan kyautar ko kuma saboda kuɗin da suke samu. Kuma shi ne duk wadanda suka samu kyaututtuka kuma suna samun wasu kyawawan kudade masu yawa.

Muna magana ne game da rawanin miliyan tara, wanda, yana tattarawa kaɗan. yayi daidai da dala miliyan 1, fiye ko ƙasa da haka a cikin Yuro (ya danganta da yadda yake ƙarewa a kasuwar hannun jari).

A zahiri, abin da ba ku sani ba shi ne wanda ya ƙirƙiri lambobin yabo na Nobel wanda ya tambayi cibiyar Sweden da za ta tsara su a madadinsa shekaru da yawa, cewa tana ba da kyauta kowace shekara "marubucin mafi kyawun aikin adabi na kyawawan halaye".

Kuma daga nan ne aka ba shi wannan lambar yabo ta tattalin arziki (wanda tabbas zai yi amfani ga kowa).

350 shekara-shekara shawarwari

Littattafai

Ese shine matsakaicin adadin da cibiyar Sweden ta samu kowace shekara. Wasiku ne da marubuta suka aiko masu suna neman su dube su domin su kasance cikin masu neman takara. Babu shakka, wasu suna yin ta ne daga tawali’u, wasu kuma sun fi… kai tsaye, don haka a ce. Amma banda haruffa. sau da yawa waɗannan suna tare da hadayu, kyautai da kowace hanya don "tausasa" zuciyar alkali don shiga cikin waɗancan 'yan takarar (kuma su zaɓi lambar yabo). Tabbas wannan baya taimakawa marubuta da yawa.

Asalin kyautar Nobel don adabi

Kafin mu gaya muku game da Alfred Nobel kuma kuna iya sanin cewa shi ne ya kirkiro kyautar Nobel. Duk da haka, abin da ba za ku sani ba shi ne, duk da cewa nufinsa ne aka samar da kyaututtukan tattalin arziki da bayar da su. bai cika ba sai shekara daya da rasuwarsa.

Dalili? Dole ne majalisar Norway ta amince da shi. Sai kawai a wannan lokacin, muna magana ne game da 1897, sun sami damar cika nufin, kuma an tashe Gidauniyar Nobel.

Wadanda suka ci lambar yabo ta Nobel guda biyu kacal

Lallai yasan hakan duk sunayen da aka ba da kyautar Nobel a cikin adabi dole ne su kasance daga marubutan da ke raye kuma sun buga a waccan shekarar.. Ba a karɓi matattun marubuta ba. Sai dai a lokuta biyu. a 1931 da 1961. Me ya faru? Ka ga, waɗanda suka yi nasara a waɗannan shekarun sune Erik Axel Karlfeldt da Dag Hammarskjöld (a wannan yanayin Nobel Peace Prize). Dukansu sun mutu lokacin da aka riga aka zaɓa, wato sun kasance cikin jerin marubutan da za su iya lashe kyautar. Kuma sun yi rashin sa'a su mutu (na farko a watan Afrilu da na biyu a watan Satumba).

Hakanan, yakamata ku san cewa Erik Axel Karlfeldt, kamar yadda muka gani akan Wikipedia, ya ƙi lashe kyautar Nobel don adabi a 1918. Kuma idan muka je cikin jerin sunayen wadanda suka yi nasara, sai ya zama a waccan shekarar kyautar ta kasance babu kowa saboda ba a yi ta ba saboda yakin duniya na farko. Don haka a gaskiya ba mu san abin da ya faru ba.

Marubutan biyu da suka kuskura su ki amincewa da kyautar

Library

Idan a baya mun fada muku cewa babu wanda zai iya kin kyautar Nobel ta adabi, da ma kudin da ke tattare da shi, gaskiyar ita ce dole ne mu janye. Akwai marubuta guda biyu da suka gwammace su ƙi shi.

Na farko da za ku iya sani, watakila ba da suna ba, Boris Pasternak, amma a ga ɗaya daga cikin sanannun littattafan da ke can, Likita Zhivago. Da aka ba shi, sai ya karba. Amma Bayan mako guda ya yanke shawarar mayar da ita saboda matsin lamba daga gwamnatin Soviet game da shi. Wannan ya kasance a cikin 1958.

Kuma bayan shekaru, a 1964, ya kasance marubuci jean paul Sartre wanda ba ya so ya karɓi kyautar ko karramawar da ta dace da shi. Har ma ya yi sanarwar jama'a a cikinsa ya ce "kada marubuci ya bari a mayar da kansa hukuma."

Kyautar Nobel ta Adabi tana da tarihi

Idan ba ku taɓa lura da lambar yabo da suke ba waɗanda suka ci kyautar Nobel ta adabi ba, to ku sani cewa ita ce.Erik Lindberg ne ya tsara wannan kuma akwai ƙaramin yanayi a ciki. An hangi wani mutum a zaune, sanye da ’ya’ya a gwiwarsa na dama, yana kallon wata budurwa a gabansa tana buga garaya.

Bugu da ƙari, an san shi yana zaune kusa da laurel da ance abin da ya rubuta shi ne wakar da mawaka ke yi masa.

Bayan haka, akwai wasu kalmomi a cikin Latin, Ƙirƙirar - Vitam - Iuvat - Excoluisse - Per - Arts, wanda ya zo da ma'ana "Wadanda suka daukaka rayuwa ta hanyar gano fasaha". Kuma idan kun karanta Aeneid, za ku san cewa wannan jimlar ta zo a cikin aya ta 663 na canto ta shida.

Kamar yadda kuke gani, lambar yabo ta Nobel don adabi tana da sha'awa da yawa (fiye da yadda muka faɗa muku). Shin kun san wani abu da ya kamata mu sani game da shi?


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