Benito Pérez Galdós, babban wakilin Realism na Spain

Benito Pérez Galdós, tare da Leopoldo Alas «Clarín», sune mafi girman wakilai na Hakikanin Mutanen Espanya. Koyaya, a yau munyi biris da na biyu, wanda zamu tattauna a wani labarin kwanan nan, kuma mun fi mai da hankali kan aikin na farko, Galdós.

Benito Pérez Galdós da littafinsa

A cikin aikin Galdós, babban aikin kirkirar kirkirarren labari ya fito fili, wanda aka rarrabe kungiyoyi da yawa:

  • da Wasannin Kasa sun kunshi wasu litattafai 46 wadanda suka bada labarin tarihin kasar Spain daga yakin Trafalgar zuwa maido da masarauta. Manyan shahararrun taken sa a cikin wadannan aukuwa na Kasa sune "Trafalgar", "Bailen" y "Saragossa".
  • A cikin litattafan farko na Galdós, wannan a bayyane ya bayyana yanayin ci gabanta: Abubuwan da ke wakiltar ingantattun ra'ayoyi gabaɗaya suna fuskantar wasu masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, waɗanda ke wakiltar rashin haƙuri da rashin jituwa. Ayyuka kamar "Cikakkiyar mace" (1876), "Tsarki ya tabbata" (1877) y "Iyalin Leon Roch" (1878). Yawancin waɗannan littattafan suna game da «Litattafan littattafai»A wata ma'anar, hujjojin da aka gabatar suna aiki ne da wata dabara kuma haruffan ba su riga sun nuna rikitaccen yanayin halayen marubuta na gaba ba.
  • A gefe guda, Galdós, a cika balaga adabi, ya rubuta littattafan Mutanen Espanya na zamani. A cikinsu, zaɓi don mafi haƙiƙa haƙiƙa kuma watsi da tsarin akida don haka bayyane. A cikin wadannan litattafan ana ganin tasirin dabi'a, amma ba a tsara shi cikin wannan motsi duk da amfani da dabaru na al'ada. Madrid yawanci gari ne wanda marubuci ya zaɓa don waɗannan littattafan: «Tormento» (1884), "La de Bringas" (1884), "Meow" (1888) y «Fortunata and Jacinta» (1887).

  • Daga 1889, da karshe samar lokacin da marubucin. Wannan yana da halin ruhaniya na ayyukansa, tunda Galdós yana mai da hankali ne akan ɗan adam da ma'anar kasancewar sa. A wannan lokacin, yayi gwaje-gwaje tare da sababbin fasahohin labarai kuma ya haɗa abubuwa kamar mafarki, na alama ko na ban mamaki. Littattafai kamar su "Gaskiya" (1889), «Angel Guerra» (1891), "Tristana" (1892), "Nazari" (1895) ko "Rahama" (1897).

Ra'ayoyi da jigon aikinsa

Akwai ra'ayoyi da jigogi da yawa waɗanda za a iya ɗaukar su gaba ɗaya "Galdosian":

  1. La sukar jama'a. Galdós yana matukar girmamawa ga azuzuwan marasa galihu, kamar mabarata, marasa lafiya ko guragu, a daidai lokacin da yake nuna kaurace wa wadanda ba su saba da zamani ba, kamar malamai, masu fada a ji ko masu zaman banza. Ajin zamantakewar da ya fi sukar aikinsa shine burgesoisie.
  2. La política, wanda aka gurfanar dashi daga hangen nesa na tarihi na wannan lokacin. Akwai ayyukanda suke da matukar nasarar nazarin yanzu da kuma abinda ya gabata na marubucinsu. A cikin waɗannan akwai alamun ruhu mai sassaucin ra'ayi, na jamhuriya da gurguzu wanda ya jagoranci canjin ra'ayinsa. Galdós ya ci gaba zuwa ga mummunan hangen nesa na Tarihi, musamman a lokacin tsufansa, wanda ke jagorantar shi ya ɗauki mummunan makomar ƙasar a matsayin wani abu mai zurfin gaske cikin Mutanen Espanya.
  3. La addini. Ya yi hannun riga da ikon malamai, kodayake ya nuna juyayi ga firist mai bishara.

Salon fa'idar Galdós

Galdós ya kirkira cikin ayyukansa ingantaccen duniya mai aminci da gaske. A halin yanzu, al'ummomin zamani sune tushen sa ilham. Don haka, a jawabinsa na shiga a Makarantar Kimiyya ta Royal, wanda yake da mahimmanci "Gabatar da al'umma a matsayin sabon labari", yana cewa:

«Hoton rayuwa shine littafin Novel, kuma fasahar kirkirar sa ya ta'allaka ne ga halayyar mutane, sha'awar sha'awa, rauni, babba da ƙarami, rayuka da kuma ilimin motsa jiki, komai na ruhaniya da na zahiri wanda yake tattare da mu da mu kewaye, da yare, wanda shine alamar launin fata, da wuraren zama, wanda shine alamar dangi, da sutura, wanda ke tsara ƙarshen halayen mutum na ƙarshe: duk wannan ba tare da mantawa ba cewa dole ne ya zama akwai cikakken aminci tsakanin daidaito da kyawun haifuwa. 

Hirarraki da raha suma abubuwan asali ne na salon Galdós.

Idan kuna son sabon salo na yau da kullun, gobe zamu ci gaba da yin bincike a ciki, tare da yin nazarin sauran tauraron marubucin wannan motsi: Leopoldo Alas "Clarin".


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